Distributed Intelligence for Cost-Effective and Reliable Distribution Network Operation DISCERN SGAM Visio Template User Guide Author: OFFIS Date: 22.04.2016 www.discern.eu The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement No. 308913. DISCERN SGAM Visio Template - User Guide Page 1 of 20
Table of Contents Table of Contents... 2 1. Easy-to-use template to design Smart Grid solutions... 3 2. The DISCERN SGAM Visio Template: An Overview... 5 3. Creating SGAM models... 6 3.1. Recommended step-wise process... 6 3.2. Features that help you create your SGAM models... 6 3.2.1. Resizing SGAM Cells... 6 3.2.2. Layer Synchronization... 7 3.2.3. Background off/on... 7 3.2.4. Optimal Layout... 7 3.2.5. Implementation Index Highlight the new equipment... 8 4. Exporting SGAM models... 9 4.1.1. Shape Data Content... 9 4.1.2. SGAM XML Export... 10 5. SGAM Symbols included in the Stencils... 13 5.1.1. Component Layer... 13 5.1.2. Communication Layer... 18 5.1.3. Information Layer... 18 5.1.4. Function Layer... 19 5.1.5. Business Layer... 19 DISCERN SGAM Visio Template - User Guide Page 2 of 20
1. Easy-to-use template to design Smart Grid solutions The representation of architectures covering key aspects of Smart Grid systems their business goals, technical functions, components and communication standards helps in designing interoperable Smart Grid solutions in a structured and collaborative manner. The Smart Grid Architecture Model (SGAM), originally created by European standardisation bodies with the aim of identifying standardisation gaps in Smart Grids, offers an intuitive framework for describing and linking all the aspects mentioned above. Figure 5-1. Smart Grid Architecture Model (SGAM) [SGCG-SGAM] The SGAM comprises five layers dealing with different interoperability aspects: Business Layer defines concepts related to the business architecture, such as business actors, objectives, and business processes, Function Layer describes the technical functions that must be realised by the Smart Grid solution that is being modelled, Information Layer Canonical Data Model View shows the canonical data models that should be used to achieve semantic interoperability within the solution, Information Layer Business Context View represents the information objects that must be exchanged within the solution in order to realize the technical functions, Communication Layer proposes communication standards to enable the exchange of information objects, DISCERN SGAM Visio Template - User Guide Page 3 of 20
Component Layer presents the physical distribution of the components that implement the technical functions. Each of these layers is represented in a SGAM plane, which is structured in Domains and Zones, with Domains being the physical domains of the electrical energy conversion chain that is, Generation, Transmission, Distribution, DER and Customer Premises and with Zones being are hierarchical levels of power system management, that is: Process, Field, Station, Operation, Enterprise and Market. The DISCERN SGAM Visio Template is an easy-to-use template in Microsoft Visio (2010 and later) for creating SGAM models of Smart Grid solutions. Typically combined with the DISCERN Use Case Template which expresses the requirements of the solution the DISCERN SGAM Visio Template facilitates the creation and editing of intuitive high-level representations of Smart Grid solutions of interest and is particularly useful in the following applications: In procurement processes. At the early stages of a procurement process, the DISCERN SGAM Visio Template can be used by both utilities DSOs, TSOS and vendors or technology providers so as to improve communications between them and facilitate discussions on possible alternatives, available equipment and relevant communication standards for the implementation of the solution. In large Smart Grid projects. In general, the DISCERN SGAM Visio Template provides a common framework or language to represent, discuss, and document Smart Grid solutions designed and/or analysed within a Smart Grid project involving several partners. Internally within an organisation DSO, TSO, vendor, consulting company, research institute the DISCERN SGAM Visio Template can be leveraged to improve collaborative design or analysis of Smart Grid solutions between different departments of the company. DISCERN SGAM Visio Template - User Guide Page 4 of 20
2. The DISCERN SGAM Visio Template: An Overview The DISCERN SGAM Visio Template is compatible with Microsoft Visio 2010 and later and consists of: 5 Stencils (containing symbols for each SGAM layer see section ): o Business.vss o Function.vss o Information.vss o Communication.vss o Component.vss 6 Pages (representing the SGAM planes): o Business Layer o Function Layer o Information Layer Canonical Data Model View o Information Layer Business Context View o Communication Layer o Component Layer When the installation of the suitable version of MS Visio is done, the folder My Shapes is automatically created in your PC. The DISCERN SGAM Visio Stencils must be saved in My Shapes folder. DISCERN SGAM Visio Template - User Guide Page 5 of 20
3. Creating SGAM models Although there is not a unique way of creating SGAM models the layers you include in your model, the order you follow when creating each SGAM plane, and the level of detail of each layer very much depends on what you are using the SGAM for there are some good practises that can help users make the most of the DISCERN SGAM Visio Template. 3.1. Recommended step-wise process Despite not being essential in all the applications, a good way to start the SGAM modelling is by creating the associated Use Case with the DISCERN Use Case Template. Once the Use Case is created you can start mapping it into the SGAM model starting with the Business Layer what do you want to achieve with the solution, which KPIs are you going to utilise to assess the solution, and continuing with the Function Layer which technical functions are required in order to achieve the business goals. Then the Component Layer describes which components should realise the technical functions, the Information Layer Business Context View represents the information objects between the components, the Communication Layer depicts the communication standards that should be used to exchange those information objects, and the Information Layer Canonical Data Model View shows the standard data models that enable semantic interoperability when exchanging the information objects. 3.2. Features that help you create your SGAM models The DISCERN SGAM Visio Template renders a number of functionalities to help users create their SGAM models (Figure 3-1). Figure 3-1. SGAM Tab in the DISCERN SGAM Visio Template 3.2.1. Resizing SGAM Cells This feature enables users to resize SGAM Cells in each layer in order to enable more detailed descriptions in a specific domain and zone. This can be done by placing the mouse cursor on the cell border that shall be moved and dragging it to the desired position. Symbols that are located inside of a cell (e.g. components) are moved with the cell when it is resized in order to maintain the contents within the cells. DISCERN SGAM Visio Template - User Guide Page 6 of 20
3.2.2. Layer Synchronization The Layer Synchronization sets the Component Layer as the background view for the other layers (except the Business Layer) and synchronises the SGAM planes at different layers. That is, if the user has resized the SGAM plane of a layer, the Layer Synchronization feature will resize the other layers accordingly, which enables users to freely resize the SGAM planes while maintaining the consistency between the SGAM layers. This feature is activated by clicking on the Layer Synchronization button of the SGAM tab (see Figure 3-1). 3.2.3. Background off/on As explained previously, the Component Layer becomes the background of Communication, Information (both views) and Function Layers when the layers are synchronised. The Background off/on feature enables users to de-activate (and activate again) this background. This feature is activated by clicking on the Toggle Component Background (Figure 3-1) or by using CTRL + b (Figure 3-2) Figure 3-2. Background off/on in Communication Layer 3.2.4. Optimal Layout During the edition of the SGAM planes, users might modify the zoom and position of the SGAM plane in each layer. In that way, SGAM layers will have completely different layouts, which might hinder the understanding and developing of the models. For that reason, the DISCERN SGAM Visio Template enables users to set the same layout (zoom and position) of all the SGAM layers by clicking on Fit Pages or by using CTRL + l. DISCERN SGAM Visio Template - User Guide Page 7 of 20
3.2.5. Implementation Index Highlight the new equipment When representing the architectures of a Smart Grid solution under design, it is very important to distinguish which components are already in place and which ones must be acquired with the aim of implementing the necessary technical functions. The DISCERN SGAM Visio Template enables users to do that by clicking on the new components with the right mouse button and selecting the option Increase Implementation Index. The selected component will be highlighted in red see for instance LV FMU component in Figure 3-2. DISCERN SGAM Visio Template - User Guide Page 8 of 20
4. Exporting SGAM models In order to improve the reusability of the SGAM models created with the DISCERN SGAM Visio Template, the template includes an feature to export the models as XML files based on an extension of the international standard IEC 62559 Use Case Methodology. These files can be directly imported into the DISCERN Use Case Management Repository where the models can be stored as 3-D SGAM visualisations. 4.1.1. Shape Data Content The DISCERN SGAM Visio Template automatically infers meta-data associated with the SGAM elements represented in the template. These meta-data is the information that will be included in the XML file that is generated by the SGAM XML Export. The generation of meta-data is carried out by the Shape Data Content feature, which is activated with the Shape Data Content button included in the SGAM tab (Figure 3-1). Users can visualise the meta-data that is being generated by the template by showing the Shape Data window of Microsoft Visio. This can be done by selecting View / Task Panes / Shape Data. The Shape Data window enables users to manage the meta-data associated with each SGAM element. Thus, if the Shape Data Content has been activated, the Shape Data window shows the meta-data of the selected SGAM elements (Figure 4-1). Figure 4-1. Shape Data Window in the DISCERN SGAM Visio Template It is worth noting that the Shape Data Content feature does not only extract data regarding the position of an element within the SGAM plane (such as Domains, or Zones), but it also infers relationships between elements placed at different SGAM layers by comparing the coordinates of the elements in the planes. Until recently, information objects, for instance, were just arrows drawn in a SGAM plane with some label indicating its name. Humans might be able to extract more knowledge about the information object from that representation (e.g. which component produces that information DISCERN SGAM Visio Template - User Guide Page 9 of 20
object, and which component receives it) by leveraging the background view. Nevertheless, that information was not explicitly represented in the template and, therefore, it was not possible to exchange it with other software applications. The DISCERN SGAM Visio Template, however, has more knowledge about the information object. It is not just a drawing in the SGAM plane anymore. By using the Shape Data Content feature, the template infers the Information Producer, Information Receiver (components at the Component Layer), and Canonical Data Model (represented at the Information Layer Canonical Data Model View) associated with the information object (Figure 4-2). Figure 4-2. Shape Data Content Inferring links between elements at different SGAM layers 4.1.2. SGAM XML Export The DISCERN SGAM Visio Template enables users to export the SGAM model represented in the Microsoft Visio template as an XML file valid against the an extension of the IEC 62559 standard formats. The XML files contain the meta-data generated by the Shape Data Content feature described below. Therefore, before exporting the XML file, users must click on the Shape Data Content. The XML export can be then activated by clicking on the SGAM XML Export button of the SGAM tab (Figure 3-1). What follows provides a set of recommendations that should be followed in order to successfully generate the XML file: 1) Make sure that all the elements are connected to each other. For instance, Figure 4-3 shows a typical mistake that might result in an error during the generation of the meta-data that will be exported in the XML file (see warning message in Figure 4-4). In the drawing, the Voltage Sensor seems to be connected to electrical network. However, it is not really connected to any equipment (see the target point as a white box, instead of a green circle). DISCERN SGAM Visio Template - User Guide Page 10 of 20
Figure 4-3. Wrong connection between Voltage Sensor and the network Figure 4-4. Warning generated during the extraction of meta-data Figure 4-5 shows how this element must be connected to other equipment in the network (in this case the Power Transformer). Now, the application knows that the Voltage Sensor is linked to the Power Transformer as shown in the Data Shape Window. DISCERN SGAM Visio Template - User Guide Page 11 of 20
Figure 4-5. Connection established between the Voltage Sensor and the Power Transformer 2) Avoid copying elements from other models with Copy & Paste. This might result in problems related to the generation of the meta-data of the copied elements. 3) Avoid removing rows or columns of the SGAM planes. As explained in 3.2.1, SGAM cells can be resized. Nonetheless, removing rows or columns might result in errors during the XML export. 4) Avoid connecting Organisation to a Business Process within the Business Layer. The way to represent this relationship according to the XML format is through a Business Actor (e.g. DSO ) that belongs to the organisation and takes part of the business process (Figure 4-6) Figure 4-6. Link between an organisation and a business process DISCERN SGAM Visio Template - User Guide Page 12 of 20
5. SGAM Symbols included in the Stencils This section presents the symbols included in the stencils of DISCERN SGAM Templates. 5.1.1. Component Layer Table 5-1 shows the symbols contained in the stencil set of the Component Layer. Table 5-1 Component Layer symbols Electric Network Models Element SGAM Symbol Description AC Line Segment DC Line Segment HV Busbar Section MV Busbar Section LV Busbar Section AC DC MV LV A wire or combination of wires, with consistent electrical characteristics, building a single electrical system, used to carry alternating current between points in the power system. A wire or combination of wires, with consistent electrical characteristics, building a single electrical system, used to carry direct current between points in the DC region of the power system. A conductor, or group of conductors, with negligible impedance, that serves to connect other conducting equipment within a single substation at HV. A conductor, or group of conductors, with negligible impedance, that serves to connect other conducting equipment within a single substation at MV. A conductor, or group of conductors, with negligible impedance, that serves to connect other conducting equipment within a single substation at LV. DISCERN SGAM Visio Template - User Guide Page 13 of 20
Element SGAM Symbol Description Substation HV/MV Substation MV/LV Power Transformer Circuit Breaker Disconnector Substation (that is, a collection of equipment for purposes other than generation or utilization, through which electric energy in bulk is passed for the purposes of switching or modifying its characteristics) that connects High Voltage (HV) and Medium Voltage (MV) networks Substation (that is, a collection of equipment for purposes other than generation or utilization, through which electric energy in bulk is passed for the purposes of switching or modifying its characteristics) that connects Medium Voltage (MV) and Low Voltage (LV) networks This symbol is used to represent only the Power Transformer (that is, an electrical device consisting of two or more coupled windings, with or without a magnetic core, for introducing mutual coupling between electric circuits) including the Tap Changer (that is, Mechanism for changing transformer winding tap positions) A mechanical switching device capable of making, carrying, and breaking currents under normal circuit conditions and also making, carrying for a specified time, and breaking currents under specified abnormal circuit conditions e.g. those of short circuit. A manually operated or motor operated mechanical switching device used for changing the connections in a circuit, or for isolating a circuit or equipment from a source of power. It is required to open or close circuits when negligible current is broken or made. DISCERN SGAM Visio Template - User Guide Page 14 of 20
Element SGAM Symbol Description Fuse An overcurrent protective device with a circuit opening fusible part that is heated and severed by the passage of overcurrent through it. A fuse is considered a switching device because it breaks current. Capacitor Device characterized essentially by its capacitance Reactor Device used because of its inductance. Inverter Generating Unit G Electric energy converter that changes direct electric current to single-phase or polyphase alternating currents A single or set of synchronous machines for converting mechanical power into alternating-current power. Wind Farm Wind power plant Solar Station Solar power plant Load Generic user of energy - a point of consumption on the power system model. Sensors Current Sensor Voltage Sensor A V Instrument to measure electrical qualities of the circuit that is being protected and/or monitored. Typically used as current transducer for the purpose of metering or protection. Instrument to measure electrical qualities of the circuit that is being protected and/or DISCERN SGAM Visio Template - User Guide Page 15 of 20
Element SGAM Symbol Description monitored. Typically used as voltage transducer for the purpose of metering, protection, or sometimes auxiliary substation supply. Parallel Sensor Generic sensor connected in parallel to the network Series Sensor Generic sensor connected in series to the network Devices and applications Field/Station Device Software-based Application This symbol enables the representation in SGAM of any physical device for protection, control or managing the Grid, mainly at field or station zones; such as: Intelligent Electronic Device (IED), Smart Meter, or Remote Terminal Unit (RTU). The particular type of device is represented with a label next to the symbol indicating the name of the corresponding actor in DISCERN_Actors_List_v3.2.xls, which is available the website of the project: www.discern.eu This symbol enables the representation in SGAM of any actor based on a softwarebased application or system, mainly at operation, enterprise and market zones; such as SCADA application. Again, the particular type of application or system is defined by a label next to the symbol indicating the name of the corresponding actor in DISCERN_Actors_List_v3.2.xls. which is available the website of the project: www.discern.eu Human-Machine Interface A unit for interaction between personnel and machines DISCERN SGAM Visio Template - User Guide Page 16 of 20
ICT infrastructures Element SGAM Symbol Description Wired Link Wireless Link Router A wired communication link between communication equipment A wireless communication link between communication equipment Functional unit that establishes a path through one or more computer networks and forwards packets Wireless access point A unit for wireless transmission and reception information between communication equipment Firewall Functional unit that mediates all traffic between two networks and protects one of them or some part thereof against unauthorized access Other External System External System External Systems that may be involved in the sub-functionality are represented with this symbol in the SGAM plane DISCERN SGAM Visio Template - User Guide Page 17 of 20
5.1.2. Communication Layer Table 5-2 shows the symbols contained in the stencil set of the Communication Layer. Table 5-2 Communication Layer symbols Element SGAM Symbol Description Communication Protocol (Point) Communication Protocol (Area) Indicates the Communication Standard used by the Communication Link in point-topoint connection. It covers all OSI layers, from physical to application layers, although it is not mandatory to detail all of them in all cases Indicates the Communication Standard used in the communication area. It covers all OSI layers, from physical to application layers, although it is not mandatory to detail all of them in all cases 5.1.3. Information Layer Table 5-3 shows the symbols contained in the stencil set of the Information Layer. Table 5-3 Information Layer symbols Element SGAM Symbol Description Information Data Text An Interaction object exchanged between two components Canonical Data Model The Data Model defining the semantics of the information objects DISCERN SGAM Visio Template - User Guide Page 18 of 20
5.1.4. Function Layer Table 5-4 shows the symbols contained in the stencil set of the Function Layer. Table 5-4 Function Layer symbols Element SGAM Symbol Description Interaction Indicates an interaction between functions Function Technical function to be performed by a solution 5.1.5. Business Layer Table 5-5 shows the symbols contained in the stencil set of the Business Layer. Table 5-5 Business Layer symbols Element SGAM Symbol Description Regulatory Constraint A specialized constraint covering laws and regulatory policies Economic Constraint A specialized constraints covering economic aspects, e.g. budget Business Process A business process relates to a sub-functionality under a business objective Actor(with Business Role) An actor as a concept can cover people as well as systems and their components. Objective With respect to the Gridwise Architecture Council interoperability layers this entity covers strategic and tactical objectives shared between businesses DISCERN SGAM Visio Template - User Guide Page 19 of 20
Element SGAM Symbol Description Target A target represents the measurable decomposition of an objective Organisation An organization to which the Business actors (in the sense of persons) are associated to. Key Performance Indicator Reference Indicator that provides information on the accomplishment of a target Association Text A unit that represents an association between objects (Actors, Organisation etc.) DISCERN SGAM Visio Template - User Guide Page 20 of 20