Smart grid control based on heterogeneous communications and adaptive layers

Transcription

1 SmartGridComm 2014: Workshop "Managing Heterogeneous and Secure Communication Networks for Smart Grids" Smart grid control based on heterogeneous communications and adaptive layers Hans-Peter Schwefel

2 Scope: Medium and Low Voltage Grid Hierarchical control architecture - Primary Substation: MV Grid Controller - Secondary Substation: LV Grid Controller - Customer Energy Mgt System (CEMS) - Local Asset Controllers Operating over different communication networks Goal: Determine set-points 2 Optimizing - Power quality - Loss minimization - Energy Balancing

3 Specific Four Use-cases innovative control schemes in the operation of the distribution grids - WG Sustainable Processes of the CEN/CENELEC/ETSI Smart Grid Coordination Group (Mandate EU/490) - IEC TC8 Use Case Template - Enriched with graphical views of the (ab)normal control scenarios Voltage Control in Medium Voltage Grids with high DER penetration External Generation Sites Automated Meter Reading and Customer Energy Management Systems Electrical Vehicle Charging in Low Voltage Grids

4 Use-Case: Voltage Control in Medium Voltage Grids with high DER penetration - The behavior of DER can affect the grid KPI: Voltage stability 4

5 External Generation Site: Voltage Control in LV Grid Example assuming a high penetration of solar PV Targets: - Stay in voltage limits - Utilize DERs 5

6 Voltage Control in LV grid Voltage controller in the LV grid Upon event trigger entering periodic control mode (period 100ms... few s) The controller needs voltage and updated flexibility information from relevant assets Requirements on communication of flexibility information? How to make controller robust/adaptive to missing/wrong information? 6

7 Overall Challenge Enable robust smart grid control utilizing heterogeneous (third-party) communication infrastructures Variability of network performance impacting (a) quality of the input data obtained from energy related information sources (b) timeliness/reactivity of the performed control actions (downstream communication). Security threats due to additional network interfaces and the use of off-the-shelf communication technology. Optimize interplay between two control loops Energy Control Communication Network configuration and adaptation

8 Adaptive Monitoring & Fault Management LV/MV grid scenarios - Large amount of distributed grid sensors - Different control loops with varying requirements for input information - Heterogeneous communication networks Purpose of monitoring Provide grid-related information to controllers Provide current network status/capabilities to allow adaptivity However: Monitoring puts additional load on communication networks needs to be adapted to fluctuating demands and resources (More in Presentation 3) 8

9 Adaptation of Communication Network Higher Layers: Information access adaptation - Extension of CIM-based information models with Quality attributes - Definition of Traffic Classes and QoS parameters for Smart Grid applications LV/MV Controller Monitoring API Monitor (Sensor) Monitor (Asset 1) Monitor (Asset 2) Idle period X E1 Control period A) B) C) D) E) Idle period Network Layer adaption - Re-routing and adaptive network reconfiguration using Software Defined Networking (SDN) Lower Layers: Physical technologies reconfiguration 9 Monitor (Asset N) - Re- and proactive control of medium access techniques - Frequency options for outdoor and building penetration scenarios (e.g. CEMS) t notify t resp t control

10 Assessment of Solutions Models Stochastic Activity Networks Cosimulation Three Testbeds MV communication resilience LV Communicatio n Technologies Smart Grid Laboratory 10

11 Testbed 1: Communication Resilience in MV Grid Focus: security of communications Objective: run cyber security experiments over realistic Voltage Control scenarios Technologies Data models IEC Part 7 DER data models: IEC Communication protocols IEC Part 8-1 ed. 2 ->Manufacturing Message Specification (MMS) Security measures End-to-end security -> IEC (TLS) ed.2 Monitoring -> IEC Network technologies Wired/wireless (Ethernet, LTE)

12 Testbed 1: Layout 12

13 Testbed 2: Communication Technology Evaluation 13

14 Testbed 3: Smart Grid Laboratory Demand Response GBs Ethernet Switch www Power Supply Control Center Automation & Control GIS Map Network Emulator Multi-CPU PC CHP Real-Time Digital Simulator Power Linear Amplifier Wind Power Plant Transmission Network Primary Sub-Station Automation & Control Masts&Anntenas Traffic Generator MV Distribution Grid Power System Emulator LV Distribution Grid Visualisation Server Secondary Sub-Station Plant Control DG Unit Smart Meter GPS coord. Loads Operator Internal High-Speed Communication Network Physical Assets DER Emulator Flexible Load 14

15 Smart Grid Laboratory: Equipment Comm. NW Emulator MVGC and LVGC (Gsmart) Plant control DER Emulator Smart Metering Setup Flexible Load

16 Energy Sensors Energy Actuators Scope of SmartC2Net Network n Network 2 Network 1 Summary: SmartC2Net Project Enable robust smart grid control utilizing heterogeneous third-party communication infrastructures { Adaptive Grid Control Driven by 4 use-cases Voltage Control in MV Grids External Generation Sites Information access management Customer Energy Mgt Systems Electrical Vehicle Charging LV Grids Communication Network Grid Adaptive approaches Network Configuration and Monitoring Monitoring QoS Control - Robust control algorithms - Adaptive monitoring - Communication adaptation Evaluation Approaches - Analytic models - Co-simulation - 3 lab testbeds Exploitation of solutions for future smart grid controllers and communication middleware 16 Machine-2-Machine Platform Communication networks Energy distribution grid Actuator Access management

17 Backup/Material

18 Integrated Architecture Requirements Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)

19 Energy Sensors Energy Actuators Scope of SmartC2Net Network n Network 2 Network 1 Approach design smart grid control applications { that - are aware of communication network behaviour and its impact on input information quality and actuator reactivity - react to changes of information and network quality dynamically change network configurations (including QoS settings), information access procedures, and interaction protocols with grid actuators investigate protective measures - against maliciously created network property fluctuations - against attacks on the developed adaptivity solution Adaptive Grid Control Information access management Grid Monitoring Communication Network Monitoring Machine-2-Machine Platform Network Configuration and QoS Control Communication networks Energy distribution grid Actuator Access management integrate the designed mechanisms into use-cases showing their effectiveness

20 Result I: Voltage Control in MV Grids Use Case UC role - to address the cyber security analysis in smart grids UC focus - security of communications ICT architecture Communications Attack scenarios Security measures Sample KPIs KPI_id KPI name Definition Category Scope Unit Goal KPI_006 Population involved Percentage of people affected by an attack/fault Social Customer % 0% Technical_Com # correct measurements received w/o security KPI_023 Security gain_measurements /# correct measurements received w security DSO % min Technical_Com KPI_024 Security gain_setpoints # correct setpoints received w/o security /# correct setpoints received w security DSO % min 20

21 Markets Retailers Commercial Feasibility & Flexibility Forecast Providers TSO DMS WAN Provider(s) Aggregators MV/LV AN Provider(s) AN Provider(s) Technical Flexibility &Performance WAN AN Primary Substation Automation&Control Prosumer Consumer Interm. DER Consumer MicroDER MVGC Large DER Secondary Substation Automation & Control LVGC HV Grid SME Farm SME Energy Storage Secondary Substation Automation &Control Prosumer Secondary Substation Automation &Control Large DER Prosumer Result I: External Generation Site Use Case UC role - to demonstrate the feasibility of controlling flexible, distributed loads and renewable energy resources in LV grids over an imperfect communication network - flexibility of LV grids for upper hierarchical control levels UC focus - Technical flexibility and performance Resilience of control towards faults and congestions in communication networks - Commercial feasibility and flexibility Sample KPIs Aggregation of generation and demand (abstraction of models) LV HV MV MV LV MV LV MV Use Case 2.3 KPI_id UC KPI name Definition Category Scope Unit Goal KPI_404 EGS Loss Reduction A loss reduction of 30% compared with the DSO % 30 Technical_power base case shall be achieved in MV grids KPI_405 EGS Access network packet loss The application layer packet loss probability Technical_Com CSP % NA limit shall be low enough to allow the LVGC to adhere to its voltage limits KPI_407 EGS Access network delay limit The application layer packet delay shall be low Technical_Com CSP ms NA enough to allow the LVGC to adhere to its 21 voltage limits

22 Smart Grid Laboratory: Details Cabinet Cabinet name Equipment Components 1 Communication Network Emulator 2 DSO Control Layers 3 Plant Control 4 DER Emulator 5 Smart Metering Setup 6 Flexible Load Network Emulator server Traffic Generator server GB Switch Visualization server Multi-CPU PC Demand response PC Primary substation control PC + UC500 Secondary substation control PC LVGC (GSmart) Industrial Plant Controller Bachmann PC DER Power Stages PC 2 x single-phase smart meters 2 x three-phase smart meters single-phase controllable load PC

23 Power Systems Software-Defined Networking for Smart Grids Multi-layered SDN for Smart Grids Strengthens flexibility, resilience and configurability Presented in the following: Communication Adaption Application Plane Fast Recovery Prioritization Load Balancing Communication Adaption Management Monitoring Control Smart Grid Applications Northbound API Control Plane Southbound API OpenFlow Protocol Data Plane IED IED Interface between Smart Grid Applications and Communication Adaption