The (CMG) is a multi-functional packet core mobile gateway that provides greater deployment flexibility, elastic scale, high reliability and the capacity to deliver mobile services. The Nokia CMG is architected for cloud networking environments using web-scale and a stateefficient design to meet the growing device connectivity demands for 4G, Internet of Things (IoT) and in the future, 5G. The CMG draws on the field-proven Nokia 7750 Service Router (SR) Mobile Gateway Operating System (MG-OS) control plane software, which ensures service and operational consistency. The runs on any commercial OpenStack x86-based hardware server platform. It operates in both a network functions virtualization (NFV) and a traditional Telco management and operations model with an endto-end mobile network management solution. The CMG gives mobile network operators (MNOs) and mobile system operators (MSOs) an architecture and operations model that transitions them to NFV and software-defined networking (SDN) at their own pace. Features Deployment flexibility The CMG supports a wide range of mobile gateway functions in the mobile packet core, supporting 2G/3G/4G cellular and Wi-Fi access networks. Specifically, the CMG supports the following cloud network functions: Packet Data Network Gateway (PGW) Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) Home Agent (HA) (3GPP2) Serving Gateway (SGW) Evolved Packet Data Gateway (epdg) Trusted Wireless Access Gateway/Proxy (TWAG/TWAP) Service Steering Gateway (SSG) These network functions can be deployed as separate virtual instances or in combination, providing maximum configuration flexibility. With the Nokia 7750 SR Mobile Gateway and IP/ MPLS service edge routing control plane software as a common base, the CMG offers a comprehensive mobile core feature set that supports the following: Business/Mobile enterprise virtual private network (VPN) services with service assurance and charging Public safety, government and military applications for highly reliable/mobile broadband video and data services IoT and machine type communications (MTC) Enhanced mobile packet voice voice over LTE (VoLTE) and voice over Wi-Fi (VoWi-Fi) 1 Data Sheet
Video and multimedia services evolved Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Services (embms) Customized mobile broadband data services with service chaining CMG VNF architecture A decomposed, decentralized Virtual Network Function (VNF) architecture is used in the CMG design that is comprised of five different virtual components (Figure 1): Operations, administration, and maintenance (OAM) virtual machine (VM): Performs the control plane functions for the CMG, including management of individual VMs, routing protocols, and support of management interfaces such as SNMP/Telenet/SSH/CLI Distributed session database: Stores subscriber state and provides backup of session information from MG-CP-VM Load balancer (LB) VM: Provides external network connectivity (input/output) to mobile gateway functions and load distribution across mobile gateway data plane (DP) and control plane (CP) VMs. Supports the MG micro-nets, MPLS, RTM, multiple VPRN/VRF, VPLS and contains the mobile gateway TEID table. Forwards traffic to assigned MG-DP-VM for data and MG-CP-VM for control. Mobile gateway CP VM: Performs the call/session processing functions as well as link termination interface (logical) and protocol termination (GTP-C, PMIP, Diameter, Radius, IPSec), and Policy and Charging Enforcement Function (PCEF) control plane, as well as the control plane functions of multiple gateway types (SGW/PGW/ GGSN/HA, epdg, TWAG) on a single VM. Mobile gateway DP VM: Performs the 3GPP bearer session processing PCEF date plane, deep packet inspection/application assurance (DPI/AA) (application detection and enforcement), and the data plane functions of multiple gateway types (SGW/PGW/GGSN/HA, epdg, TWAG) on a single VM. Figure 1. CMG VNF architecture PGW/GGSN/HA, SGW, epdg, TWAG, SSG OAM OAM CP CP CP CP Distributed session database Inter VM control network Scale LB LB LB out External connectivity Scale out Scale DP DP DP DP DP out Inter VM data network Cloud native design The CMG application software has been built from the beginning on the principles and design requirements of cloud networking and web-scale, but it retains the features and field reliability of the Nokia 7750 SR Mobile Gateway. Its control plane is highly resilient, delivering the bearer and system level management with the reliability that is expected in the core network. Field-proven protocols that can handle failure scenarios or race conditions are the foundation of the CMG software. The CMG data and forwarding plane uses a distributed processing architecture that takes advantage of the NFV dynamic scale and flexibility. The MG-OS is a very compact software image that is optimized to operate on a very small memory footprint. This small footprint is beneficial for x86 packet processing by minimizing CPU cache and delivering high packet processing throughput. The CMG implements a unique cloud forwarding CP 2 Data Sheet
data plane architecture, which is based on the inhouse networking processor expertise and design concepts that minimize the packet handling, reduce the number of copies, limit header manipulations and optimize cache usage. The MG-OS scheduler is optimized for forwarding plane processing and handles both control and data plane processes on the same VM. High performance The CMG is designed to provide service performance comparable to that of dedicated hardware platforms. Its advanced software design and capabilities leverage technologies such as distributed symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) to maximize the use of multi-cpu architectures and a native 64-bit OS to maximize the access to multicore memory. The CMG delivers excellent data plane performance on x86 platforms. CMG supports virtual input/ output (VirtIO) drivers, and optionally, single root I/O virtualization (SR-IOV) together with the Intel Data Plane Development Kit (DPDK). For VMware environments, VMXNET3 is available. Together, the CMG delivers the software and hardware packet processing performance needed for high-speed mobile broadband services for 4G/LTE and beyond. Elastic scalability Utilizing the benefits of NFV in its design, the CMG can flexibly adapt to support a changing mix of control plane and data plane VM resources. CMG can also dynamically scale both in and out to meet instantaneous demand for services. The CMG distributed VM processing architecture enables it to horizontally scale beyond the physical limits of dedicated hardware platforms. The control plane VM scales CPUs to support signaling and call processing while the CMG data plane can scale out by adding more mobile gateway bearer VMs to support increasing user plane traffic. As subscriber growth patterns and traffic models change, the CMG can adjust control plane and data plane resources accordingly. The CMG has no dependencies on the protocol scaling limits in the network, allowing applications to dynamically scale and automatically adapt to loads without the need for operator intervention. Resiliency and reliability The CMG is built on the Nokia SR OS, a real-time, modular and highly fault-tolerant OS design that meets carrier-grade network and reliability requirements. This robust software architecture delivers advanced resiliency capabilities, such as high availability, and non-stop routing and services. The CMG supports various intra-vnf redundancy protection schemes (1:1, 1:N, n+k) depending on the type and state of the VM. In addition, CMG can be deployed in a 1:1 inter-vnf geo-redundant protection scheme. Intra- and inter-redundancy protection delivers reliability and availability levels not easily achieved in IT/cloud networking environments (greater than 99.999 percent). CMG management For network management in a traditional telecom environment, the CMG is managed by the Nokia 5620 Service Aware Manager (SAM) and together with NetAct they provide a single, consolidated view of the network. The Nokia 5620 SAM is the same network management system (NMS) for the Nokia cloud packet core and backhaul networks. The 5620 SAM provides the fault, configuration, accounting, performance, and security (FCAPS) management capabilities for the CMG and the Nokia mobile gateways. NetAct provides an end-to-end view of the entire mobile network (Radio Access Network [RAN] and mobile core). The 5620 SAM also provides an interface to NetAct for fault management and performance monitoring. 3 Data Sheet
In an NFV operations environment, the CMG is orchestrated and managed with any NFV OpenStack or VMware-based platform. This gives MNOs/MSOs complete flexibility to select the vendor of their choice for a NFV cloud-networking environment. The 5620 SAM also adds a VNF supervision application module, which performs VNF monitoring and supervision providing health status and assisting in the life cycle management of the CMG. This module gives mobile operators the ability to manage both their physical and virtual packet core networks from the same user interface. Comprehensive NFV/SDN portfolio For MNOs that want a fully integrated NFV/SDN cloud packet core solution, Nokia also offers an industry-leading NFV/SDN portfolio that combines the CloudBand software suite and Nuage Networks Virtualized Services Platform (VSP) along with a broad ecosystem of cloud partners. The combined solution provides smart multilayer monitoring, alarming and the correlation of events enabling dynamic adjustment to changing demand. CloudBand also enables the automated management of a geo-distributed NFV infrastructure with coherent policies, giving MNOs the ability to quickly deploy the CMG while reducing the network integration support and interoperability risks in a multivendor environment. Network functions overview The CMG supports multiple network functions in the 3GPP mobile packet core (Figure 2), both individually as separate VM instances or in combination as a single VM instance. Figure 2. Cloud mobile gateway in 3GPP mobile packet core Operator cloud AAA HSS/HLR PCRF Mobile, IoT/MTC devices Label - Blue-black 2G/3G RAN 4G/LTE RAN Trusted/Untrusted Wi-Fi network Label - Blue-black CMG (TWAG/ epdg) CMG (MMF/SGSN) CMG (SGW) Cloud packet core CMG (PGW GGSN/HA/TDF) IP and optical network 4 Data Sheet
SGW The CMG SGW forwards user data packets and acts as the local mobility anchor for the user plane during LTE radio access network handovers, as well as handovers with other 3GPP technologies. PGW and GGSN As a standalone PGW, GGSN or combined PGW/ GGSN, the CMG provides connectivity for user equipment (UE) to external packet data networks and is the mobile network IP anchor point. The CMG performs policy enforcement, packet filtering, charging support, lawful interception and packet inspection for each packet flow. In the CMG, the combined PGW/GGSN functions are supported as a single instance. epdg The CMG functions as an epdg by aggregating Wi-Fi traffic from access points in an untrusted non-3gpp access (public) network. It provides a secure entry point through an IPSec tunnel from the mobile device into the MNO packet core. The CMG epdg features support a variety of wholesale and retail deployment scenarios, enabling both wireline and wireless providers to leverage unlicensed Wi-Fi as an access technology. As an epdg, it coordinates with the MNO s back-end subscriber, policy and billing infrastructure for the authentication and parameters needed to create subscriber context. The epdg function can be deployed as a separate CMG instance or combined with other SGW and PGW/GGSN functions as a single instance. Consequently, MNOs have maximum network architecture flexibility and the number of network IP addresses required is reduced. TWAG In a non-3gpp trusted access network, the CMG functions as a TWAG/TWAP by aggregating Wi-Fi traffic from access points and is the proxy to the AAA server. It provides a secure entry point for mobile devices from the MNO Wi-Fi access point into the packet core using secure tunneling protocols. The TWAG/TWAP function can be deployed as separate CMG instances or combined with the epdg and/or the PGW/GGSN functions as a single instance. This deployment gives MNOs maximum network architecture flexibility and reduces the number of network IP addresses that are required. Enhanced IP services Nokia Mobile Application Assurance (AA) delivers 3GPP traffic detection function (TDF), which is integrated within the CMG and is optionally applied to user data traffic. Nokia Mobile AA provides Layer 4 to Layer 7 packet inspection and detection capabilities for advanced packet processing and service intelligence. By enabling Mobile AA within the CMG, AA capabilities are offered from a single subscriber policy charging and control (PCC) point. This offer provides seamless coupling and unification of PCC between both the bearer and application layers. CMG also supports a SSG function, which is located on the mobile operator SGi-LAN interface that provides service classification and enhanced traffic steering features in addition to the traffic identification capabilities of the TDF to support service chaining revenue opportunities. The SSG can be deployed either as a standalone function or can be combined as a PGW/SSG. Ordering information The CMG is ordered through application subscriber licenses (ASLs) based on the required network functions and quantity of subscriber services per instance. For ordering questions, contact your Nokia sales representative. 5 Data Sheet
Technical specifications Standards and protocols CMG support for SGW, PGW, GGSN, and epdg message types and procedures defined in the 3GPP Release 11 December 2013 versions of most specifications: TS 23.060, TS 23.203, TS 23.234, TS 23.401, TS 23.402, TS 24.302, TS 29.060, TS 29.212, TS 29.273, TS 29.274, TS 29.275, TS 29.281, TS 32.251, TS 32.295, TS 32.297, TS 32.298, TS 32.299, TS 33.102, TS 33.106, TS 33.107, TS 33.108, TS 33.402 NFV infrastructure requirements Host OS: Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) or Community Enterprise Operating System (CentOS ) Linux, Canonical Hypervisor: Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM), VMware ESXi Management and orchestration: OpenStack, CloudBand Packet acceleration: VirtIO or SR-IOV and Intel 82599 NIC drivers, Mellanox ConnectX-3/4 adapter cards, VMXNET3 Intel Virtualization Technology (VT) Learn more For more information about the Nokia CMG product, please visit: https://networks.nokia.com/products/ mobile-gateway. Nokia is a registered trademark of Nokia Corporation. Other product and company names mentioned herein may be trademarks or trade names of their respective owners. Nokia Oyj Karaportti 3 FI-02610 Espoo Finland Tel. +358 (0) 10 44 88 000 Product code: PR1608022082EN (September) Nokia 2016 nokia.com