Dialogue on Nonproliferation and Nuclear Security in Southeast Asia Nuclear Cooperation in Southeast Asia Stephanie Lieggi Senior Research Associate May 31, 2016, Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey
Presentation Outline ü History of Cooperation on Nuclear Development ü Regional organizations/mechanisms promoting nuclear cooperation in Southeast Asia ü Bolstering ER&P Capabilities ü Potential for US-China Cooperation
History of Cooperation on Nuclear Development * ASEAN and the SEANWFZ SEANWFZ ü Article 4 - Use of Nuclear Energy for Peaceful Purposes: Calls on states to work with the IAEA to assure safety and calls on safe waste disposition Action Plans 2007 2012 and 2013-2017 ü Commitment to IAEA, additional protocol and nuclear safety ü Progress on ASEAN state membership in important measures related to nuclear development, including Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident ü Strengthening regional mechanisms; impetus for the establishment of Nuclear Energy Cooperation Sub-Sector Network (NEC-SSN) and ASEANTOM
History of Cooperation on Nuclear Development * ASEAN Ministers of Energy Meeting (AMEM) Highlight importance of capacity-building activities on civilian nuclear energy and regional nuclear safety cooperation * Phnom Penh Declaration (2012) Leaders agreed to develop a coordinated approach on nuclear safety Uphold IAEA standards of safety and security
History of Cooperation on Nuclear Development * ASEAN-IAEA cooperative framework Regional Cooperative Agreement ü Sharing knowledge and expertise in the peaceful application of nuclear science and technology. ü Develop regional networks for exchange of technologies, training and equipment ü Identify and implement nuclear technologies for regional needs ü Encourage sustainability of nuclear technology capacities ü Coordinate cooperative research in nuclear science and technology ü Promote the benefits of nuclear technologies and identify funding mechanisms Includes - Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam.
Relevant Regional Organizations in SEA * ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE) & ASEAN Plan of Action for Energy Cooperation Includes Civilian Nuclear Energy as program area ü Conduct capacity building among ASEAN Member States ü Strengthen public information and public education on nuclear power generation ü Strengthen institutional, legal and regulatory capacities on nuclear energy Expected Outcomes for current PoA: ü Continued training and outreach ü Emergency planning exercises ü Database for sharing information on nuclear regulatory systems, civilian nuclear safety, and ER&P
Relevant Regional Organizations in SEA * ASEAN Network of Regulatory Bodies on Atomic Energy (ASEANTOM) Promoting cooperation among regulatory bodies and relevant authorities; sharing good practices; building HR capacity Action Plan created in 2013; numerous activities identified including: ü Emergency preparedness and response ü Management of radioactive materials ü Radiation monitoring and transport models ü Establishing regulations ü Physical protection of nuclear materials and facilities ü Spent Fuel Management http://aseantom.net/
Relevant Regional Organizations in SEA * Nuclear Energy Cooperation Sub-Sector Network (NEC-SSN) Established in 2001 to shepherd regional cooperation ü Information sharing and exchange ü Technical assistance ü Networking and training Collaborating with IAEA, ANSN, FNCA and others in the coming years to build nuclear capacity and cooperation in region
Relevant Regional Organizations in SEA * Technical Working Group on Nuclear Power Plants (TWG-NPP) under ASEAN COST Established in 2008 to facilitate technological cooperation among ASEAN Member States in pursuing clean and sustainable nuclear energy in a safe and secure manner Coordinate scientific and tech cooperation for NPP development Provide technical advice and inputs to the ASEAN COST and other relevant ASEAN bodies
Relevant Regional Organizations in SEA * Forum on Nuclear Cooperation in Asia (FNCA) Supported by Japanese Atomic Energy Commission ASEAN members include Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand & Vietnam Projects include: ü Nuclear Security & Safeguards ü Management Systems ü Human Resources Development Project ü Radiation Safety & Radioactive Waste Management ü Asian Nuclear Training & Education Program (ANTEP)
http://www.fnca.mext.go.jp/english/
Relevant Regional Organizations in SEA * Asian Network for Nuclear Education and Training (ANENT) Partnership supported by IAEA for building human capacity in nuclear science and technology https://www.anent-iaea.org/sub0201 https://www.anent-iaea.org
Relevant Regional Organizations in SEA * Asia-Pacific Safeguards Network (APSN) Launched in 2009 to improve effectiveness of safeguards implementation Building on existing activities developed by IAEA and others to capitalize on experience of members ASEAN members include: Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Singapore, Philippines, Myanmar, Vietnam http://www.apsn-safeguards.org/
Relevant Regional Organizations in SEA * Asian Nuclear Safety Network Established in 2002 to facilitate regional cooperation Instrument for establishing sustainable national and regional safety activities Capacity building for emergency preparedness and response for nuclear and radiological emergencies ASEAN members include Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam
Bolstering EP&R Capabilities * International & regional cooperation on EP&R is vital Need for enhancing cooperation clearer after Fukushima NPP being constructed in ASEAN concern for all countries in region * European Commission funded study assessed EP&R in 6 ASEAN states Need for improvement identified including: early warning systems, radiation monitoring networks, and technical support to decision makers.
Bolstering EP&R Capabilities * ASEAN Energy Action Plan includes EP&R related activities Study on emergency planning exercises and EP&R plans Create a portal for sharing information, including on EP&R, amongst policy makers and technical officers * ASEANTOM focusing on emergency preparedness and response IAEA and EC supporting EP&R enhancements Aim for more timely, coordinated efforts Should complement those already in place for other disasters in region
Bolstering EP&R Capabilities * Indonesia Center of Excellence on Nuclear Security and Emergency Preparedness (I-CoNSEP) Administered by BAPETEN National focus at moment but moving to regional * Indonesia Center for Security Culture and Assessment (CSCA) Administered by BATAN Collaborated with regional partners on self-assessment guides * Nuclear Security Support Centers in Malaysia and Vietnam Part of IAEA NSSC network Sharing best practices and relevant information on nuclear security
Potential for US-China Cooperation * Under Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Technology Agreement US-China working on various issues together already including nuclear security best practices, NGSI, and emergency management and cooperation PUNT Working groups can help regional efforts, including safer technologies, improved safeguards mechanism, rad source security and EP&R * Collaboration promoting IAEA and other international mechanisms Working with the IAEA to bolster efforts in Asia Jointly organize training courses and seminars Collaborate with nuclear-related regional organizations Table top exercises and other interactive/hands-on activities
Potential for US-China Cooperation * Beijing Center of Excellence Platform for exchanging information on best practices, training, technological issues and increasing understanding of EP&R Soon can be utilized for the broader Asia-Pacific region; bring in SEA officials in joint training activities including TTX Can help build nuclear security norms and Infrastructure; promote consistency and standards across region
* Questions/Comments