The 7th conference on Internet of Things and Smart Spaces rusmart 2014 Effective Waste Collection with Shortest Path Semi-Static and Dynamic Routing Theodoros Anagnostopoulos 1, Arkady Zaslavsky 2, 1 1 Department of Infocommunication Technologies, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia thanag@di.uoa.gr 2 CSIRO Computational Informatics, CSIRO, Box 312, Clayton South, Vic, 3169, Australia Arkady.Zaslavsky@csiro.au
Smart Cities What is a Smart City? It is a City in which urban performance in the near future will depend on the availability and quality of knowledge communication and social infrastructure. What is its relevance with IoT? Smart City encompass modern urban production factors in a common framework and highlights the growing importance of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), social and environmental capital in profiling its competitiveness.
Waste Management What is Waste Management? It is the "generation, prevention, characterization, monitoring, treatment, handling, reuse and residual disposition of solid wastes". How it could be effective in a Smart City? It could be effective if the concept of IoT is used, concerning specific sensors and actuators, which could cooperate with a Cloud infrastructure thus leading to novel solutions.
Internet of Things (IoT) What is IoT? Is the interconnection of uniquely identifiable embedded computing like devices within the existing Internet infrastructure. What it offers? It offers advanced connectivity of devices, systems, and services that goes beyond machineto-machine communications (M2M) and covers a variety of protocols, domains, and applications.
Dynamic Routing Routing: is this a novel field? No, it is well studied in the literature. Dynamic Routing: what about this? Well, it is relatively less studied in literature. IoT Dynamic Routing in Smart Cities? This is a novel approach. Many applications. More use cases.
Sensors What are they? They are devices that convert the measurements of a physical quantity into a signal which can be used for computation analytics. Sensor Types? A lot, just to mention some: light, motion, temperature, humidity, vibration, pressure, sound, capacity, pollution. Which could be used in Waste Management? Capacity. Pollution. Temperature, and Many more
RFID Technology What is this? An RFID is the wireless non-contact use of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in order to transfer data, for the purposes of automatically identifying and tracking tags attached to objects. The tags contain electronically stored information. Where could be used in Waste Management? For Waste Bins Identification. Feedback to the Cloud Infrastructure.
Related Research Are we the pioneers of this research? No, there are many Smart Cities which have invest on IoT Waste Management. Just to mention a few: Thessaloniki, Oulu, Helsinki, Barcelona, Lisbon, Manchester. Related projects are: Smart Santander, Fed4FIRE. How do we differentiate? We use more sensors, thus covering a variety of use cases. We have advanced dynamic routing algorithms. We use a novel Smart City Infrastructure.
Our Vision Really, what is our Vision? To transform St. Petersburg to a Smart City. How could we achieve this? ITMO University highly qualified Russian and International scientists. OpenIoT Platform. Which are our customers? St. Petersburg Municipality. Vendor Companies.
System Overview
System Overview
System Overview
System Overview
System Overview
System Overview
System Overview
System Overview
System Overview
System Overview
System Overview
System Overview
System Overview Smart Phone Navigation Waste Scheduling and Routing Server Waste Collection as a Service Waste Depot Module Smart Waste Bin
Semi-Static Routing Use Case: Imagine that St. Petersburg is a Smart City with Sensor Infrastructure, Wireless Communication, Cloud Architecture and Smart Phone Network. Smart Waste Bins inform the Infrastructure when they are full. A route is initiated for the specific Waste Bins. Advantages: Low traffic. Limited Pollution. Supply Chain Management.
Semi-Static Routing more
Semi-Static Routing more
Semi-Static Routing more
Semi-Static Routing more
Semi-Static Routing more
Semi-Static Routing more
Semi-Static Routing more
Semi-Static Routing more
Semi-Static Routing more
Semi-Static Routing more Computational Efficient:
Dynamic Routing What if: A road segment is closed due to maintenance labor. Heavy traffic makes the route of the Waste Vehicle infeasible. Waste Vehicle is out of work due to mechanical failure. Waste Vehicle is not available because of overloading. Solution: Dynamic Routing Apply routing dynamically only in the specific road segment. Use the nearest available waste vehicle to complete waste collection.
Dynamic Routing more
Dynamic Routing more
Dynamic Routing more
Dynamic Routing more
Dynamic Routing more
Dynamic Routing more
Dynamic Routing more
Dynamic Routing more
Dynamic Routing more
Dynamic Routing more
Dynamic Routing more Computational Efficient:
Measurements
Measurements more 25 20 15 10 Distance (km) 5 0 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10
Measurements more 60 50 40 30 Time (min) 20 10 0 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10
Measurements more 6 5 4 3 Fuel (lit) 2 1 0 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10
Measurements more 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10 Capacity (kg)
Measurements more
Measurements more Semi-Static Model 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 CPU (sec) 0,1 0 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5
Measurements more 0,04 0,035 0,03 0,025 0,02 0,015 0,01 0,005 0 Dynamic Model CPU (sec) S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Future Directions More Use Cases. Smart Citizen Facilities. Smart Municipality Services. H2020.
Thank You Feel Free to Ask Questions