ABB DATA CENTER FORUM 2017, 11 TH JULY 2017 ABB Data Center Forum 2017 Perfecting Data Center availability with Ultra-Fast Protection Devices Barbara Schlegel
ABB DATA CENTER FORUM 2017, 11 TH JULY 2017 I S -limiter The world s fastest Fault Current Limiter Barbara Schlegel
I S -limiter Why? Why are I S -limiters used? Short-circuit problems Reducing losses Reduce downtime Improve Reliability Interconnect systems Downsize July 14, 2017 Slide 3
Classification of Data Centers Electrical challenges Tier classification Tier 1 Only one power supply AVAILABILITY 220 320 W/m² Tier 2 Reliable power supply Stability of voltage Two power supply sources 430 540 W/m² Tier 3 Several power supplies Redundancy of components High power/m² ratio Cost-effective power supply 1.070 1.620 W/m² Tier 4 Several power supplies Complete redundancy Effective cooling systems EFFICIENCY Flexibility for future expansions More than 1.620 W/m² July 14, 2017 Slide 4
choke choke choke choke Data Center Structure Load Power No Redundancy connected supply: through Utility (Tier to two 1) IP Generator sections Bus (Tier (Tier 3/4) 3) 2) Gen 1 Gen 2 Gen 3 Gen 4 (1) (2) (3) (4) IT load 1 IT load 2 IT load 3 IT load 4 IP Bus July 14, 2017 Slide 5
choke choke choke choke Data Center Structure Problems Consequences of interconnection Normal operation Redundancy of power supply In case of a fault: Fault will affect all connected areas Voltage drop in complete system Necessity of chokes to keep short-circuit current low enough Gen 1 (1) Gen 2 (2) Gen 3 (3) Gen 4 (4) Generation of heat IT load 1 IT load 2 IT load 3 IT load 4 Generation of power losses Equipment in IP Bus must be able to withstand high short-circuit currents IP Bus July 14, 2017 Slide 6
I S -limiter Why? Why are circuit-breakers not helping? Comparison of I S -limiter and CB The first peak is the most critical: Maximum current Maximum forces Maximum stress I S -limiter benefits: Ultra fast detection Ultra fast limitation First peak is never reached No destruction Voltage drop is reduced Ultra fast response for more safety i T 1 T 0 T 0 T 1 T 2 Destruction No destruction t T 0 : Relay operating and response time T 1 : Circuit-breaker operating time T 2 : Circuit-breaker clearing time T 0 10-40 ms T 1 20-60 ms T 2 5-20 ms T 0 : I S -limiter operating time T 1 : I S -limiter clearing time T 0 < 1 ms after detection T 1 5 ms July 14, 2017 Slide 7
choke choke choke choke Data Center Structure Redundancy with I S -limiters Gen 1 Gen 2 Gen 3 (1) (2) (3) Gen 4 (4) IT load 1 IT load 2 IT load 3 IT load 4 IP Bus 1 IP Bus 2 IP Bus 3 IP Bus 4 I S -1 I S -2 I S -3 I S -4 July 14, 2017 Slide 8
Data Center Structure Installation of I S -limiters Installation in IP-Bus Normal operation Redundancy of power supply In case of a fault: Fault will be contained in faulty area Reduced voltage drop in system Not necessary to install chokes at IP Bus Efficient power supply Gen 1 (1) Gen 2 (2) Gen 3 (3) Gen 4 (4) Less generated heat IT load 1 IT load 2 IT load 3 IT load 4 Reduced power losses Possibility to downsize equipment Savings of space IP Bus July 14, 2017 Slide 9
I S -limiter Breaking of short-circuit current with an I S -limiter Application example The I S -limiter immediately separates two systems in case of a short-circuit fault 250 ka i = i 1 + i 2 without I S -limiter Short-circuit current through I S - limiter is limited in less than 5 ms Zero peak short-circuit current (i 2 ) through I S -limiter T 1 i 1 Bus A 50kA/125kA Bus B 50kA/125kA i= i 1 + i 2 T 2 i 2 125 ka i 1 u i = i 1 + i 2 with I S -limiter No violation of withstand capability of equipment Faulty network is immediately separated Permissible Actual fault level fault at level Bus at A: A Bus (without B: A: I S -limiter ): I S -limiter ): I k = 50 100 ka ka / / i p = i p = 125 250 ka ka i 2 Current curve at the short-circuit location t u: system voltage i: total short-circuit current i 1 : current coming from T1 i 2 : current coming from bus B, through I S -limiter July 14, 2017 Slide 10
Standard Applications I S -limiter in the generator infeed I S -limiter in generator feeder Generator can be connected independent of the short-circuit capability of the system G T 1 Higher availability of existing or new system i 1 = 10 ka i 2 =50 ka System extension without replacing existing electrical equipment such as circuit-breaker, busbar or cable system Bus A 50kA/125kA Bus B 50kA/125kA i= i 1 + i 2 Reduction of energy released in case of a fault Easy connection of new power sources Actual fault level at Bus A (without I S IS-limiter ): I k = 50 60 ka / i p = 125 150 ka July 14, 2017 Slide 11
Complex Applications I S -limiter with directional selectivity I S -limiter with directional selectivity Avoid unnecessary tripping Improve uptime due to selective tripping 15 ka Connect private / industrial generator feeder to the fully loaded grid No conflict to Grid Code 10kV/16kA 15 18 ka 18 ka 10kV/25kA Selective tripping of the I S -limiter (Tripping only at faults within network area at faults within network area 2 ) 1, not Tripping I s -limiter No Tripping I s -limiter 3 ka Minimized number of operations July 14, 2017 Slide 12
Complex Applications I S -limiter with summation selectivity I S -limiter with summation selectivity Minimized number of operations Only I s -limiter (s) close to fault location operate Limitation of short-circuit affected area due to isolation of fault Reduced voltage dip in large healthy area in case of short-circuit fault Higher availability of system and processes Isolation of fault area I sum1 =I 1 +I T1 I sum2 =I 1 +I T2 +I 2 I sum3 =I 2 +I T3 July 14, 2017 Slide 13
I S -limiter Portfolio I S -limiter family Application Medium voltage ratings Low voltage ratings I S -limiter Indoor 40,5 kv 4000A 1,4 kv 5000 A Panel solution * Customized solution Selective tripping * For medium voltage July 14, 2017 Slide 14
I S -limiter Availability Reliability - Efficiency Main advantages Availability - Maximizing your output - Installation in greenfield and brownfield projects - Increased uptime and redundancy of the power systems Reliability Protecting your assets - World s fastest fault current limiter to protect systems and processes - Type tested equipment - More than 3000 installations in more than 85 countries Efficiency Optimizing your investments - Eco-and cost efficient fault current limiters - Optimized load flow behavior - Reduction of energy losses in the system Our SOLUTION for your short-circuit problems July 14, 2017 Slide 15
ABB DATA CENTER FORUM 2017, 11 TH JULY 2017 UFES Ultra-Fast Earthing Switch Barbara Schlegel
Internal Arc Faults Impacts on switchgear without internal arc classification Video: Internal arc test 50kA / 1s Switchgear without internal arc classification (exemplary) Circuit-breaker compartment July 14, 2017 Slide 17
Internal arc faults Reasons of formation Typical human and operational errors: Technical reasons to arc faults: Other technical reasons to arc faults: Work in a wrong cubicle Operation of a wrong disconnector Forgetting to ground the working area Forgetting to test the presence of voltage in the working area Forgetting to remove tools Wrong devices or wrong operation of devices Ageing of insulation and mechanical wear Overvoltage Overheating Moisture, dirt Destruction of components Corrosion Foreign objects (e.g. tools) or small animals in the switchgear Installation errors Bad cable terminations and loose busbar joints July 14, 2017 Slide 18
Ultra-Fast Earthing Switch Active internal arc protection by ABB UFES System Sequence of tripping operation L1 L2 L3 Tripping cables July 14, 2017 Slide 19
Ultra-Fast Earthing Switch Comparison July 14, 2017 Slide 20
Ultra-Fast Earthing Switch Portfolio Application Maximum rated voltage Medium voltage Low voltage Integration in ABB panel Integration in OEM panel UFES Indoor U r = 40.5 kv I k = 40 ka (3s) U r = 17.5 kv I k = 50 ka (3s) I k = 63 ka (1s) U r = 1.4 kv I k = 100 ka (0.5s) July 14, 2017 Slide 21
Ultra-Fast Earthing Switch Available in Kit Removable unit Service-Box July 14, 2017 Slide 22
Ultra-Fast Earthing Switch type UFES The insurance for the switchgear Investing in UFES means More availability of data center Minimization of downtime Increased switchgear life Increasing operator safety Save lives, Save money! July 14, 2017 Slide 23