BASIC ABOUT TYPE TYPO GRAPHY

TYPOGRAPHY BASIC DESIGN Relative & Absolute measurements Absolute measurements Inche : Millimetres : Points : Pica 3 Inches 76.2 mm 216 Points 18 Picas 1 Inches = 3 Picas A 1 Picas = 12 Points 2.5 Inches = 8 Picas = 96 Points

TYPOGRAPHY BASIC DESIGN Relative & Absolute measurements Points Is the units of measurement used to measure the type size of a font. A Pica from one type foundry would be exactly 12 points.

TYPOGRAPHY BASIC DESIGN Relative & Absolute measurements Point size of refer to the height of type block and not the letter itself. A B C D f j h x

TYPOGRAPHY BASIC DESIGN Relative & Absolute measurements X-height Is measurement from the baseline to the meanline. Typically, this distance Is the height of the lower-case x. X-height A B C D f j h x Points

TYPOGRAPHY BASIC DESIGN Relative & Absolute measurements X-height are not Constant.

TYPOGRAPHY BASIC DESIGN Basic Terminology Serif / Sans serif Standard typefaces generally fall into one of two board categories : Serif / Sans serif

TYPOGRAPHY BASIC DESIGN Basic Terminology

TYPOGRAPHY BASIC DESIGN Basic Terminology Ex. Serif

TYPOGRAPHY BASIC DESIGN Basic Terminology Ex. Sans serif

TYPOGRAPHY BASIC DESIGN Basic Terminology Numerals There are two classifications of numerals : Old Style (lower case), and Lining (upper case). Lining numerals are aligned to the baseline and are all equal height, Old style do not, which means difficult to read.

TYPOGRAPHY BASIC DESIGN Basic Terminology Lining (upper case) serif numerals Old style (lower case) serif numerals Lining (upper case) san-serif numerals Old style (lower case) san-serif numerals

TYPOGRAPHY BASIC DESIGN Basic Terminology

TYPOGRAPHY BASIC DESIGN Tracking or letters pacing Tracking or letter spacing Amount of spacing between characters

TYPOGRAPHY BASIC DESIGN Tracking or letterspacing

TYPOGRAPHY BASIC DESIGN Kerning KERNING Refers to the addition and subtraction of space between letters to create a comfortable setting

TYPOGRAPHY BASIC DESIGN Kerning KERNING

TYPOGRAPHY BASIC DESIGN Kerning

TYPOGRAPHY BASIC DESIGN Tracking or letters pacing Tracking or letter spacing Tracking is very similar to kerning in that it is the spacing between individual characters, but tracking is the space between groups of letters rather than individual letters.

TYPOGRAPHY BASIC DESIGN Kerning

TYPOGRAPHY BASIC DESIGN Leading LEADING is a hot metal printing term that originates from the lead strips that were inserted between text measures in order to space them evenly. Nowadays, leading refers to the space between lines of text in a text box (baseline).

TYPOGRAPHY BASIC DESIGN Leading

TYPOGRAPHY BASIC DESIGN Ligature Ligature is a typographical device that join two or three separate characters together to form a single unit. They are used as a solution to the interference that certain character combinations create. Ligatures are formed either by extending the crossbar or connecting the ascenders depending upon the character involved.

TYPOGRAPHY BASIC DESIGN Ligature

TYPOGRAPHY BASIC DESIGN Baseline Baseline is the imaginary line that all type sit upon with the exception of the O and other rounded Characters that fall slightly below it.

TYPOGRAPHY BASIC DESIGN Majuscule & Minuscule Majuscule and minuscule Majuscule is upper-case (Capital). : Minuscule is lower-case letters. *Not all fonts are available in both forms*

TYPOGRAPHY BASIC DESIGN Majuscule & Minuscule Set width Is the horizontal scaling of type, and is typically expressed as a percentage. It refer to the Amount of space that each character uses.

TYPOGRAPHY BASIC DESIGN Majuscule & Minuscule

TYPOGRAPHY BASIC DESIGN Golden Section Golden Section In the field of graphic arts the Golden Section, also known as the golden ratio. The Golden Section was thought by many ancient cultures, from the Egyptians to the Roman And the Greeks, to represent infallibly beautiful proportion.

TYPOGRAPHY BASIC DESIGN Golden Section Construction a Golden Section

TYPOGRAPHY BASIC DESIGN Golden Section The Fibonacci sequence Is a series of numbers in which each number is the sum of the two preceding numbers.

TYPOGRAPHY BASIC DESIGN Golden Section For example, a title could be set at 34 pt With body copy set at 21 pt size to complement the title size This title could be set at 55 pt Now body copy set at 34 pt size

TYPOGRAPHY BASIC DESIGN Legibility & Readability Legibility refer to the ability to distinguish one letter form from another the physical characteristic that are inherent in the design of a particular typeface.

TYPOGRAPHY BASIC DESIGN Legibility & Readability

TYPOGRAPHY BASIC DESIGN Legibility & Readability Readability Readability concerns the properties of a piece of type or design that affect the ability to understand it.

TYPOGRAPHY BASIC DESIGN Legibility & Readability