Elements of typographic design

Transcription

1 Type

2 Terminology

3 Serif fonts

4 Sans serif fonts

5 Elements of typographic design Times News Roman Ariel Verdana Calligrapher 24 pt 20 pt 14 pt 10 pt Univers 45 Light Univers 45 condensed light Univers 55 Univers 57 Condensed Univers Extended Ariel normal Ariel italic TypoUpright Typo Italic Tubular Upright (non-italic) Tubular Italic (normal) Type style (font) Type form Type boldness (weight) Type size Type spacing (between letters and lines) Type color Type effects

6 Type form type form Proper Case UPPER and lower case upright (Roman) vs. slant vs. italic font families

7 Type boldness Incised901 Light Incised901 Light Incised901 Incised901 Incised901 Bd Incised901 Bd Incised901 Bd Bolded Incised901 Bd Bolded type boldness (weight) light, medium, demibold, bold different for different styles

8 Type size type size point system for type blocks points per inch recent computer typeset lettering not done with blocks -- ascender to descender height in inches

9 Type size Ariel 24 pt Ariel 20 pt Ariel 14 pt Ariel 10 pt Monotype Corsiva 24 pt Monotype Corsiva 20 pt Monotype Corsiva 14 pt Monotype Corsiva 10 pt type size described in points depends on type style complicated by form

10 Type spacing spacing between letters condensed, normal, extended kerning between lines as % of type size, as specified point size leading

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12 Type color type color hue and value of letters relative to hue and value of background legibility depends on visual contrast (visual efficiency)

13 Symbol color White Yellow Red Green Cyan Magenta Blue Brown Black White Yellow Red Green Visual efficiencies for selected symbol (type) and background combinations Cyan Background color Magenta Blue Brown Black

14 Type effects Callouts Leader lines Shadows Halos

15 Type effects Callouts Shadows Use with multi-color backgrounds Halos

16 Type effects Callouts Shadows Halos use with single color background

17 The use of type on maps Type style guidelines Type size guidelines Type boldness guidelines Type spacing guidelines

18 Qualitative type Font Form roman vs. italic Hue Arrangement

19 Quantitative type Point size Weight (e.g., bold or regular) Color lightness Case

20 Type style guidelines Use serif and sans serif together Serif is usually better for large blocks of text Sans serif is usually better for smaller pieces of text Use style differences for different classes of qualitative features Serif natural features Sans serif anthropogenic features

21 Type size guidelines Type visibility at normal reading distance Visibility at other distances Rule of 32 Minimum size difference needed to distinguish one set of type from another Minimum = 20% 2 point minimum from 6 to 12 point Size difference for quantitative differences

22 Type form guidelines UPPERCASE TYPE IS MORE PROMINENT VISUALLY, but words are harder to read Proper case words easier to read and used most often on maps all lower case rarely used on maps Italic or slant type should be used for hydrography and landforms

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24 Type boldness guidelines Use boldness differences to show quantitative differences Type that is too bold is often hard to read Ariel 20 pt normal Ariel 10 pt normal Ariel 20 pt bold Ariel 10 pt bold Pickwick 20 pt bold Pickwick 10 pt bold Pickwick 20 pt bold Pickwick 10 pt bold

25 Type spacing guidelines Use extended type to show the areal / linear extent of a feature Maximum extension -- when the word can no longer be read easily Use condensed type when faced with a poverty of space