Transboundary Spill Preparedness & Response A U.S. PERSPECTIVE SCOTT LUNDGREN T EC H N I C A L A DV I S O R U. S. C O A S T G UA R D O F F I C E O F M A R I N E E N V I RO N M E N TA L R ES P O N S E P O L I C Y
Topics 2 Domestic preparedness & response system International plans and conventions International Spill Response Agreements Mexico U.S. Caribbean Capacity building Wider Caribbean (Cartagena Convention) Regional Center
U.S. Domestic Preparedness & Response National Response System Oil/Chemical, any source, multi-agency Federal lead in coordination with states, industry Polluter Pays approach Nested and coordinated response plans Unified approach to response Federal Lead for Planning and Response: the FOSC 3
International Joint Plans NRS Network of Plans 4 National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP) National Response Framework (NRF) Regional Contingency Plans (RCP) Federal Agency Internal Plans Area Contingency Plans (ACP) Facility Response Plans (FRPs) State/Local Plans Vessel Response Plans (VRPs)
Preparedness Model 5 Plans & Policy Evaluations Stakeholder Outreach & Engagement Government Capabilities Outcome: Increased Preparedness Non-Government Capabilities Team -Training, Exercises & Actual Events
Need for Transboundary Spill plans 6 Spilled oil moves with: Current Wind (~3%)
International Convention: OPRC 1990 International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response, and Cooperation (OPRC 1990) facilitates oil spill preparedness and response international cooperation Parties required to establish measures for dealing with pollution incidents, either nationally or regionally Ships must have oil pollution emergency plan; offshore units under jurisdiction required to have similar Resulting IMO Guidance Documents 108 States are party to the convention Complements Liability & Compensation Funds for vessels (Tanker, Bunker) US not party (OPA) 7
International Plans/Conventions Bilateral Plans Canada (5 sub plans) Mexico (2 sub plans) Russian Fed. Multilateral Plans Arctic Caribbean (Islands & MTOP) IMO / OPRC Global Panama (NRT Support MOA)
Gulf of Mexico Transboundary Ixtoc Macondo Comparison (U) Ixtoc Spill: est. 3 million barrels BP Spill: est. 4.9 million barrels Source: The Times-Picayune
MEXUS Plan Signed in 2000, establishes standard procedures for bilateral response; update underway Links underlying domestic systems SEMAR and USCG 10 Derived from 1980 Agreement that established a Joint Response Team 2 non-binding Annexes: MEXUSGULF and MEXUSPAC
National MEXUS Parties Commandant, USCG Office of Marine Environmental Response Policy Secretaría de Marina (SEMAR) Gulf of Mexico USCG District 8, SEMAR First Naval Zone Pacific USCG District 11, SEMAR Second Naval Zone Coordination with interagency partners in planning and exercises 11
Recent/Future MEXUS Exercises April 2012 Tabletop associated with new MEXUSGulf Annex April 2014 Seminar to train on plan, procedures 19-20 May 2015 Workshop to test final new MEXUS JCP and Gulf revisions April 2016 Tabletop March 2017 Full Scale with Morgan City, E&P Company 12
Caribbean Offshore Oil & Gas Exploration USA Bahamas Cuba Active/Potential Offshore Drilling Intended Future Offshore Drilling Mexico Belize Honduras Nicaragua Barbados Colombia Venezuela Trinidad Tobago Guyana Panama
Wider Caribbean Region Multilateral Technical Operating Procedures (MTOP) Procedures assembled at IMO workshops U.S., Mexico, Cuba, the Bahamas, and Jamaica Contemplates wider Caribbean application (Cartagena Convention) Responder-to-responder network Tactical level communications Includes connectivity between regulators for prevention, well integrity, intervention matters Offshore exploration and response focus, not inland Non-binding, but facilitates coordination Public copy available: http://cep.unep.org/racrempeitc/regional-oprc-plans 14
Regional Capacity Building UNEP/IMO Regional Center: Regional Activity Center for Marine Pollution Emergency Information and Training for the Wider Caribbean Region (RAC/REMPEITC-Caribe) Strengthen national capabilities Facilitate cooperation and regional assistance Exchange information Coordinate response resources for emergencies 16 USCG Consultant in Curaçao
Summary Comprehensive U.S. National Response System for oil and hazardous substance preparedness and response Transboundary linkages at borders to allow for a coordinated response across a border Based upon wider maritime conventions promoting these systems and regional plans U.S. contributes to capacity building through one of an IMO/UNEP Regional Center in Caribbean Capacity building on a wider basis is a foundation for global spill prevention, preparedness, and response. 17
Backup Slides 18
International Offers of Assistance Guidelines U.S. led effort to develop internationally accepted guidelines for international offers of assistance Designed for use by any nation confronted with a response to large or complex oil spills Tool to assist managing requests Response resource lexicon to establish common set of terms and categorization of response equipment Pends approval and publication by MEPC 68 19
Caribbean Islands OPRC Plan 20 Objectives: Promote & implement regional cooperation in oil spill planning, prevention, control, and clean-up Develop preparedness measures and systems for detecting and reporting oil spills Institute prompt measures to restrict spread of oil Identify resources to respond to oil spill incidents
NRS Response Initiation & Coordination 21
National Incident Management System (NIMS) Incident Command System 22 Unified Command Participants May Include: Local Official(s) State Official(s) Federal Official(s) Responsible Party Reps Safety Information Liaison Operations Planning Logistics Finance and Administration
Foreign EEZ E E Z US EEZ F o r e i g n C o a s t l i n e Foreign Waters Industry OSRP/VRP Primary Activities Source Control Salvage Surface/Sub-surface Dispersant Application ISB Operations Offshore Skimming Foreign Nation Plan Primary Activities Source Control Salvage Surface/Sub-surface DispApplication ISB Operations Nearshore Skimming Shoreline cleanup Incident International Coord/OPRC/Cartagena Conv E E Z Federal Waters Offshore Response Plan Primary Activities Source Control Salvage ISB/Dispersant Operations Offshore Skimming Oiled Vessel Monitoring/Decon Coordinate State Response Vessel Traffic Control Air Traffic Coord State Waters USCG ACP U S C o a s t l i n e Primary Activities Nearshore Skimming GRP Implementation Tidal Inlet Protection Vessel Traffic/Decon (Port Specific) Shoreline Cleanup (pre/post impact) Wildlife Recovery/Hazing Coordinate County/Local Response