LAN LAN Transmission system 1
Campus 1 2
Office 3 Office 2 Office 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 3
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Local Loop End Office Trunks End Office End Office End Office Tandem Office LD Office PSTN 5
Video ATM Network A Si Si Si SONET Add-Drop Mux T1/E1 T3, OC-3 Frame Relay ATM SONET Ring OC-12 OC-48 OC-192 L2/L3 Switch. Excellent Resiliency Automatic Protection Switching (APS) < 50ms Price/Bandwidth is high SONET technology is expensive Half of bandwidth reserved for APS Typically Fixed Bandwidth TDM Based ATM SONET rings coming Multimedia Ready ATM provides mature QoS and guaranteed service mechanisms Native voice muxing over SONET Si Si Si Si Si Components of DWDM Si Si Legacy Current 6
Internet FR SDH DWDM Dark fiber T1 T1 Montreal IPX T1 Toronto T1 IPX T1 T1 IPX T1 T1 IPX T1 T1 T1 IPX IPX IPX Boston T1 IPX 7
Long Distance Carrier RBOC LEC CLEC ISP Carrier MCI Sprint Frontier Level 3 Qwest Ameritech US West GTE Northpoint Dataxchange PSInet Concentric Transport Platform Sonet 5 4 3 5 5 3 3 4 5 4 3 1 5 5 5 5 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 1 3 5 5 5 5 2 4 5 DWDM 52 5 5 4 5 5 3 5 5 0 0 0 5 5 5 2 3 4 1 3 4 1 3 3 2 5 5 1 1 1 3 5 5 1 4 5 Transport Service IP 2 4 5 2 4 5 2 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 ATM 2 3 4 1 3 5 2 4 5 3 1 1 2 1 1 3 4 4 2 4 3 2 2 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 1 2 2 3 4 4 TDM 5 5 4 5 4 3 5 4 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 4 3 5 4 4 5 5 5 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Access Technology Cable Modem 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 4 1 2 3 1 2 3 0 2 3 1 2 2 1 2 2 0 0 0 DSL 1 3 4 0 0 0 1 2 4 0 0 0 1 2 3 2 4 4 2 4 4 1 2 3 5 5 5 1 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 5 Leased Line 4 4 3 5 2 2 3 4 5 0 0 0 5 5 5 4 4 4 5 5 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 Dial-UP modem 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 4 5 4 3 3 4 5 4 3 2 5 4 3 5 4 3 0 0 0 1 2 2 5 5 5 5 5 5 ISDN 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 3 3 2 1 1 2 1 1 3 3 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 4 4 3 2 1 By Cisco 8
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X.25 X.25 X.25 X.25 X.25 X.25 X.25 X.25 Switch 1 Switch 2 IP DCE DCE IP IP: 131.8.2.5 x25: 03000123005 IP: 131.8.2.6 x25: 03000321006 x25: 03000123005 x25: 03000321006 IP: 131.8.2.5 IP: 131.8.2.6 10
By Cisco The T1 (or T-1) carrier is the most commonly used digital line in the United States, Canada, and Japan. a European digital transmission format devised by the ITU-T. equivalent of the North American T-carrier system format. T1 carries 24 pulse code modulation The E1 signal format carries data at a (PCM) signals using time-division rate of 2.048Mbps and can carry 32 multiplexing (TDM) at an overall rate of channels of 64 Kbps each. 1.544Mbps per second. http://www.bandwidth.com/tools 131.8.3.1 131.8.2.5 131.8.2.6 131.8.4.1 11
FDDI 广域网接口 以太网 Ethernet 控制台接口做配置用 Console Port 辅助口接 Modem Aux Port 12
End-toend user signaling (out-ofband) Q.931 X.25 X.25 LAPD (Q.921) I.465/V.120 LAPB I.430 (BRI) + I.431 (PRI) D Channel B and H Channels PD CR field Message Type Layer 3 - Q.931 Information Elements Flag Address Control Information FCS Flag SAPI (6) CR 0 TEI (7) 1 13
CSU/DSU (channel service unit/ digital service unit) 14
Service X.25 Frame Relay Characteristic Access Speed Up to T1/E1 Up to T3/E3 Type of Services PVC and SVC PVC and SVC Data Delivery In sequence frames In sequence frames Guaranteed End-to-End Data Delivery Network Retransmission on Data Loss Congestion Control Mechanism Yes Yes Window Rotation/Closure No No Forward and Backward Congestion Notification 70 80 90 2000 15
High order DLCI C/R EA(0) Low order DLCI FECN BECN DE EA(1) High order DLCI C/R EA(0) DLCI FECN BECN DE EA(0) Low order DLCI or DL-Core ctrl D/C EA(1) High order DLCI C/R EA(0) DLCI FECN BECN DE EA(0) DLCI EA(0) Low order DLCI or DL-Core ctrl D/C EA(1) 16
Mobile User Network Management Firewall Corporate Gateway Home User Small Office Dialup Aggregation Billing/Account Services Security Services Backbone Border Gateway Security Services Customer Premises Equipment 17
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Physical layer 19
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2 Mb/s +_ 50 ppm 8 Mb/s +_ 30 ppm X4 34 Mb/s +_ 20 ppm STM-64 9953280 kbit/s X4 STM-16 2488320 kbit/s X4 STM-4 2 Mb/s STM-4 622080 kbit/s X4 STM-16 STM-1 140 Mb/s +_ 15 ppm STM-1 155520 kbit/s lower speed plesiochronous and synchronous tributaries S D H Add/Drop Multiplexer S D H Multiplex Section Shared Protection Ring ADM STM-16 west ADM STM-16 east ADM MSSpring ADM 140 Mb/s 45 Mb/s 34 Mb/s 2 Mb/s Digital Tributaries STM-1 / STM4 ADM X SONET frame 90 bytes Section Overhead Line Overhead 3 rows 6 rows B B B 87B Information Payload 9 Rows Transport overhead 125 s SPE Synchronous Payload Envelope 21
Loss 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.3 0 db/km 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 1550 1600 OADM 1, 2, 3,..., n 1, 2, 3,..., n 3 3 22
EDFA for long haul By Cisco 23
Packet from the client computer Packet in transmission through the Internet Technologies analyze Network implementation plan Telephone Line Employee s Home ISP Access Server VPN Device Packet from the VPN Implementation of network Internet Maintenance Strategy VPN Tunnel VPN Device Access Server Backbone 24
TYPE OF SERVICE Circuit Switching POTS ISDN B-ISDN DATA RATES 28-56 kbps 64k-1.5Mbps 155-622 Mbps REL. COST Low Moderate High RELIABILITY High Moderate Low NETWORK INTEGRATION Difficult Difficult Difficult Dedicate Circuit T-Carrier SDH/SONET 64k-274Mbps 52M-40Gbps Moderate High High High Moderate Moderate Packet Switching X.25 Frame Relay SMDS Ethernet/IP ATM 56k-2Mbps 56k-45Mbps 56k-45Mbps 1M-10Gbps 52M-2.5Gbps Moderate Moderate Moderate Low High High Moderate Low High Moderate Difficult Moderate Difficult Simple Moderate VPNs 56k-2Mbps Very Low Low Moderate https://www.sdxcentral.com/sdn/definitions/software-defined-sdn-wan/ 25
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