WAN Technology & Design. Dr. Nawaporn Wisitpongphan
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1 WAN Technology & Design Dr. Nawaporn Wisitpongphan 1
2 WAN Connection Modules 2
3 WAN Comparison 3
4 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) All-digital phone line connection Technology since 1980s Allow both Voice/Data transmission Better than dialup analog technology Comes in 2 service types: Basic Rate Interface (BRI) Primary Rate Interface (PRI) 4
5 ISDN BRI vs. PRI Basic Rate Interface B channel Carry user data D channel Handle signaling & control 16 kbps Framing & 48 kbps Total bit rate = 192 kbps Primary Rate Interface 23B + D (US/Japan) T1 (1.544Mbps including overhead) Use out-of-band signalling 30B+D (Europe/Australia) E1 (2.048 Mbps) 64 kbps/ channel This is an outdated technology. It is still effective if other broadband technology is not available 5
6 In-Band vs. Out-of-Band 6
7 Digital Subscriber Line Use copper telephone line Connected to DSLAM (Digital Subscriber Line Access ISP DSL Splitter on user side to split phone/data signal ADSL Downstream bandwidth > upstream bandwidth Limited distance Use in residential community ADSL for cooperate Should use firewall/vpn solution to secure the connection 7
8 Cable Transport of data over coaxial line over cable distribution systems Connected to Cable Modem on user side Connected to Cable Modem Termination System on ISP side Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS) protocol 8
9 Frame Relay Packet Switched Connection-Oriented Layer 2 WAN protocol User virtual circuits between connected devices Late 1980s technology Not widely used anymore because of the popularity of MPLS 9
10 Time Division Multiplexing Digital Multiplexing of data, voice and video In-Band Signaling Each channel uses 56 kbps for data and voice and 8 kb for signaling and messaging. DS1 or T Mbps DS3 or T Mbps 10
11 SONET/SDH Ring topology to connect sites Has automatic recovery self-healing mechanism Support ATM or Packet User Optical Carrier OC Mbps OC Mbps OC Mbps OC Gbps 11
12 MultiProtocol Label Switching User Label to direct packets through a specific route in the network 12
13 Fiber Technology Dark Fiber Fiber-optic cable that has been installed but has not been used Fiber available for leasing from ISP Dense Wavelength- Division Multiplexing Using different wavelengths of light over the same fiber ISP can add more bandwidth to existing channels on the same fiber 13
14 WAN Design Methodology PPDIOO Methodology still apply Analyzing the network requirement Characterizing the existing network Designing the topology Consideration Function of enterprise edge modules Service Level provided by each WAN technology Cost of renting the transmission media When link capacity reach 75% need immediate attention 14
15 Example: Application Requirement 15
16 Bandwidth Consideration 16
17 WAN Link Characteristics 17
18 Remote-Access Network Design : VPN ACCESS VPN: Teleworker connection over public network: best-effort, difficult to troubleshoot Intranet VPN: Connect remote office to Head Quarter office via Intranet Reduce WAN traffic Extranet VPN: Connect business partner Should secure extranet policies to restrict the business partners access. This type of VPN terminate in a demilitarized zone (DMZ) 18
19 Enterprise VPN vs. Service Provider VPN Enterprise VPNs IP Security (IPsec) Cisco Easy VPN Generic routing encapsulation (GRE) Dynamic Multipoint Virtual Private Network (DMVPN) Virtual tunnel interface (VTI) Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol Version 3 (L2TPv3) Service Provider Offering Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Metro Ethernet Virtual Private LAN Services (VPLS) 19
20 VPLS: Virtual Private LAN Service VPN that allow connection of multiple sites into a single L2 domain over a managed IP/MPLS network 20
21 Other WAN Design Consideration High Availability: Backup Links Support for Growth Operational Expenses Operational Complexity Cost to Implement Load Balancing Network Segmentation Support Support for Voice and Video 21
22 Requirement Gathering How much scalability is expected for (network devices, servers, users)? How much scalability is expected? What level of high availability or redundancy is required? Is a specific server or network protocol support needed? Will the network management or support be centralized or distributed? Are there any network segmentation restrictions, such as DMZ segments, or internal networks versus external networks? Will wireless services be needed, and to what extent? What is the estimated budget for the branch design? 22
23 Small Branch Design 23
24 Medium Branch Design 24
25 Large Branch Design 25
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