Study Guide
Study Guide Robert Schmidt Dane Charlton
Senior Acquisitions Editor: Kenyon Brown Development Editor: Candace English Technical Editors: Eric Biller and Brian Atkinson Production Editor: Christine O Connor Copy Editor: Sharon Wilkey Editorial Manager: Mary Beth Wakefield Production Manager: Kathleen Wisor Associate Publisher: Jim Minatel Media Supervising Producer: Richard Graves Book Designers: Judy Fung and Bill Gibson Proofreader: Rebecca Rider Indexer: Nancy Guenther Project Coordinator, Cover: Brent Savage Cover Designer: Wiley Copyright 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published simultaneously in Canada ISBN: 978-1-118-91966-8 ISBN: 978-1-118-91967-5 (ebk.) ISBN: 978-1-118-91968-2 (ebk.) No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: The publisher and the author make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation warranties of fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales or promotional materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for every situation. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting, or other professional services. If professional assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom. The fact that an organization or Web site is referred to in this work as a citation and/or a potential source of further information does not mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information the organization or Web site may provide or recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware that Internet Web sites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. For general information on our other products and services or to obtain technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the U.S. at (877) 762-2974, outside the U.S. at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002. Wiley publishes in a variety of print and electronic formats and by print-on-demand. Some material included with standard print versions of this book may not be included in e-books or in print-on-demand. If this book refers to media such as a CD or DVD that is not included in the version you purchased, you may download this material at http://booksupport.wiley.com. For more information about Wiley products, visit www.wiley.com. Library of Congress Control Number: 2015933610 TRADEMARKS: Wiley, the Wiley logo, and the Sybex logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates, in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. VMware is a registered trademark of VMware, Inc. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Robert would like to dedicate this book to his wife and three daughters for putting up with him while he was locked in the basement writing it. Dane would like to dedicate this book to his loving wife and best friend and to thank her for being there for him.
Acknowledgments The authors would like to acknowledge all of the people at Sybex whose hard work has made this book possible. We would especially like to thank them for their patience with us as we worked through the process of getting a book completed. Our special thanks go out to our acquisitions editor, Kenyon Brown, for bringing us into the project and to our production editor Christine O Connor and developmental editor Candace Cunningham for keeping us on track and focused on moving forward. We would also like to thank our copy editor, Sharon Wilkey, and our proofreader, Rebecca Rider, for all of the work they have done on this book. We would also like to thank our coworker and friend Eric Biller for joining the project as our technical editor. His suggestions have helped to keep the text as accurate as possible and have kept us from making a number of obvious and some not so obvious mistakes. I, Rob Schmidt, would also like to personally thank my coauthor, Dane Charlton, for agreeing to write this book with me and for being one of the first people who got me interested in VMware and their products. By encouraging me to pursue VMware many years ago, he has had a major impact, for the better, on my career and in my life.
About the Authors Robert Schmidt holds the following certifications: Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer (MCSE), CompTIA Linux+, Novell Certified Network Administrator (CNA), VMware Certified Administrator (VCA), and VMware Certified Professional (VCP 2.5, 3, 4, 5). In the past, he has held the Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) and the Cisco Certified Network Administrator (CCNA) certifications. Robert has over 20 years of experience working with information technology and has spent the last 10 years specializing in virtualization. He has been heavily involved in several large virtualization initiatives and continues to work in the Cleveland, Ohio area. He has been married for 19 years and has three daughters. Dane Charlton holds the following certifications: VMware Certified Professional (VCP 2.5, 3, 4, 5), Microsoft Certified IT Professional (Enterprise Messaging), and Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist (Exchange). In the past, he has held the Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer (MCSE), Certified Novell Engineer (CNE 2, 3, 4), and Bay Networks Certification. Dane has over 25 years of experience working with information technology for small and large companies. For the last 15 years, he s been supporting virtualization efforts along with large messaging environments in Akron, Ohio. Dane has been married for 15 years and has three children and eight grandchildren.
Contents at a Glance Introduction Assessment Test xv xxi Chapter 1 Intro to Virtualization 1 Chapter 2 VMware Solutions 21 Chapter 3 vsphere Core Components 43 Chapter 4 Storage in a VMware Environment 71 Chapter 5 Networking in a VMware Environment 91 Chapter 6 Business Challenges Meet VMware Solutions 119 Appendices 145 Appendix A Answers to Review Questions 147 Appendix B Online Resources 159 Index 165
Contents Introduction Assessment Test xv xxi Chapter 1 Intro to Virtualization 1 What Is Data Center Virtualization? 2 Virtualization Then and Now 3 Physical and Virtual Data Center Components 4 Physical Data Center Components 4 Virtual Data Center Components 5 Physical and Virtual Component Differences 7 Benefits of Using Virtualization 9 Online Tools 13 Summary 14 Exam Essentials 15 Review Questions 16 Chapter 2 VMware Solutions 21 Availability Challenges 22 VMware Availability Products and Technologies 23 Management Challenges 27 VMware Management Products and Technologies 27 Scalability Challenges 28 VMware Scalability Products and Technologies 29 Optimization Challenges 31 VMware Optimization Products and Technologies 32 Summary 36 Exam Essentials 37 Review Questions 39 Chapter 3 vsphere Core Components 43 Virtual Machines 44 What Is a Virtual Machine, Anyway? 44 What Can You Do with Virtual Machines? 45 ESXi Hypervisor 47 vcenter Server 47 vmotion 48 Distributed Resource Scheduler 49 Distributed Power Management 49 Storage vmotion 50 Storage DRS 50
xii Contents vsphere Data Protection 51 High Availability Configuration 51 Fault Tolerance 52 vsphere Replication 52 Migration 53 High Availability 54 Host HA 55 Virtual Machine HA 56 Applications HA 57 Fault Tolerance 57 Clusters and Resource Pools 58 Clusters 58 Resource Pools 59 Other VMware Data Center Products 61 vcenter Operations Manager 61 vsphere Data Protection 62 NSX 62 Virtual SAN 62 vcenter Site Recovery Manager 62 Summary 63 Exam Essentials 64 Review Questions 65 Chapter 4 Storage in a VMware Environment 71 Physical vs. Virtual Storage 72 What Is Shared Storage? 73 VMware Storage Types 75 Local Storage 75 Fibre Channel 76 iscsi 77 Network File System 77 Virtual Machine File System 78 The VMFS vs. the NFS 78 Disk Provisioning 78 Thick Provisioning 79 Thin Provisioning 80 VMware Virtual Storage Technologies 82 Summary 83 Exam Essentials 84 Review Questions 86 Chapter 5 Networking in a VMware Environment 91 Differentiate Physical and Virtual Networking 92 Physical Switches 92
Contents xiii Virtual Switches 94 Differences Between Physical and Virtual Switches 97 Differentiate VMware Virtual Switch Technologies 97 Standard Virtual Switches 98 Distributed Virtual Switches 98 Identify VMware Virtual Switch Components 101 Standard Virtual Switch 101 Distributed Virtual Switch 102 Identify Common Virtual Switch Policies 103 Port Group Policies 103 Distributed Virtual Switch Policies 106 Identify Capabilities of Network I/O Control 108 Summary 113 Exam Essentials 113 Review Questions 115 Chapter 6 Business Challenges Meet VMware Solutions 119 Availability Challenges and Solutions 120 vmotion 121 Storage vmotion 121 Virtual Machine Snapshots 122 High Availability 123 Fault Tolerance 123 vsphere Replication 124 vsphere Data Protection 124 Site Recovery Manager 125 Management Challenges and Solutions 126 Virtual Machines/Physical to Virtual Conversions 126 vcenter Server 126 vcenter Configuration Manager 127 Optimization Challenges and Solutions 128 vcenter Operations Manager 128 Thin Provisioning 129 Distributed Switches with QoS 130 Distributed Power Management 130 Storage I/O Control 131 vflash 131 VM Storage Profiles 131 Memory Ballooning 132 Transparent Page Sharing 132 Scalability Challenges and Solutions 133 Virtual Machines 133 Virtual Machine Templates 134 Distributed Resource Scheduler 135