Wireless Data Mobile Network Architecture and Technology 2001. 2. 15. yclee@sktelecom.com SK Telecom
Wireless Data Mobile Network cdma2000 1X gmsgprs umtsgprs GPRS & Mobile IP EDGE & 1X EV-DO/DV EDGE 1X EV-DO 1X EV-DV UMTS Data Network Conclusion
Wireless Data Mobile Network(1) 2G 3G 9.6 ~14.4Kbps 144Kbps(307.2Kbps) IS-95A IS-95B 64Kbps (115.2Kbps) cdma2000 1X 621Kbps(2.457Mbps) 1X EV-DO/DV IMT-2000 MC cdma2000 3x 144~2Mbps 1.2Mbps(5.184Mbps) 9.6Kbps GSM HSCSD GPRS 28.8Kbps (57.6Kbps) 115.2Kbps(171.2Kbps) EDGE 384Kbps (473.6Kbps) IMT-2000 DS (UMTS) 144~2Mbps 9.6Kbps PDC 28.8Kbps PDC-P
Wireless Data Mobile Network(2) 2G 3G 1.25 (MHz) 1.25 (MHz) 1.25 (MHz) IS-95A IS-95B cdma2000 1X 1.25 (MHz) 1X EV-DO /DV IMT-2000 MC cdma2000 3x 1.25 (MHz) x 3 25KHz GSM 25 (KHz) x 4 HSCSD GPRS 25 (KHz) x 8 EDGE 25 (KHz) x 8 IMT-2000 DS (UMTS) 5 (MHz) 25KHz PDC PDC-P CDMA TDMA
Wireless Data Mobile Network(3) Technology cdma2000 1X (Phase 1) cdma2000 1X (Rel. A) gsmgprs (200KHz) cdma2000 3X MC W-CDMA (5MHz) (umtsgprs) cdma2000 1X EV-DO (HDR) cdma2000 1X EV-DV (1XTREME) EDGE (200KHz) Single Channel Peak Rate Channel Conc. Multi-Channel Peak Rate Average Data Throughput 153.6 Kbps 1 153.6 Kbps 150 Kbps 307.2 Kbps 2 614.4 Kbps 415 Kbps 21.4 Kbps 8 171.2 Kbps 115 Kbps 2.072 Mbps 3(6) 2.072 Mbps 1117 Kbps 2.048 Mbps 1 2.048 Mbps 1126 Kbps 2.457 Mbps (153.6 Kbps) 1-621 Kbps 345.6 Kbps 15 5.184 Mbps 1.2 Mbps (614.4 Kbps) 59.2 Kbps 8 473.6 Kbps 384 Kbps 11/16 **
cdma2000 1X Description 1X RTT : 144kbps : MAC Increased by 1.5-2 times (IS-95A/B ) Code : 128 Walsh/1X 2 (Quick Paging ) (800Hz) TX Scheme OTD 95A/95B Turbo Code Data QPSK, Complex PN Spreading Continuous Transmission, Biomedical Orthogonal Code
cdma2000 1X Phase 1 Peak Data Rate = 153.6kbps; Throughput/Capacity = 150kbps Release A Peak Data Rate = 614.4kbps (2 channel concatenation) Throughput/Capacity = 415kbps Flexibility to Deploy Data Only Carriers to Maximize End-User Data Rates Backward Compatible with IS-95A/B Supports seamless handoffs between A/B/1X, carrier overlay, and overflow of both voice and data through load management Supports Voice, Mixed Voice/Data, and Real-Time 2-Way Services on a Single Carrier Dynamically Optimizes Data Capacity Based on Underlying Voice Utilization Extension of IS-95B commercial deployments
cdma2000 1X Data Network 3 4 1 2 5,10 6 8 7 9 **
Packet Data Dormant State
gsmgprs umtsgprs gsmgprs (GPRS Phase 1) umtsgprs (GPRS Phase 2, GPRS EV) Fixed Network Service Standard Access - IP & X.25 Non Real-time Packet ( Data Service) IP Real-time Packet (Packet ) Rel. 97 (GSM Phase 2+) Rel. 99, Rel. 4, 5 200 KHz (TDMA) 5 MHz (CDMA) BSC + PCU (Gb) RNC (Iu-PS) GTP SGSN GGSN RNC GGSN 11/16
gsmgprs Reference Model SMS-GMSC SMS-IWMSC SM-SC E C Gd MSC/VLR HLR D Gs A Gc Gb Gr TE MT BSS SGSN GGSN PDN TE R Um Gn Gp Gn Gf Gi SGSN GGSN EIR Other PLMN Signalling Interface Signalling and Data Transfer Interface GSM GPRS other
gsmgprs Features Key User Features of GPRS Nonvoice value added service Speed : 14.4 Kbps x 8 timeslots = 115.2 Kbps Immediacy : 0.5 ~ 1 sec Quality of Service Key Network Features of GPRS Packet Switching Spectrum Efficiency GSM and GPRS share the same radio resources Internet Aware End-to-end IP delivery Support SMS and Paging Support GSM and TDMA(IS-136) Designed to support IP and X25
gsmgprs Limitations Limitations of GPRS Limited Cell Capacity Speeds much Lower in Reality : 30 ~ 50 Kbps Transit Delays no Store and Forward QoS improvement needed GPRS was not design to provide Real Time services. Impossible to have different QoS IP flows within one PDP context activation Mobile-specific standard difficult integration with fixed IP networks and standards (IP Mobility, IP QoS). The mobile network operator could experience a difficult interoperability with Internet and miss the opportunity of using cheaper and fast evolving IP products
gsmgprs User Plane Application IP / X.25 IP end to end / X.25 end to end IP / X.25 IP SNDCP SNDCP GTP GTP Tunnel GTP LLC LLC Tunnel(virtual circuits) LLC Relay LLC UDP/IP UDP/IP RLC MAC RLC MAC BSSGP Frame Relay BSSGP Frame Relay L2 L2 GSM PL GSM PL L1bis L1bis L1 L1 MS Um BSS Gb SGSN Gn GGSN Gi To support in the same way IP and X.25 data Not fully optimized for IP data GTP was designed for this heavy 3 layer protocol stack
umtsgprs Network Uu Node B RNC Iu Packet network PSTN Packet network Inter-PLMN Backbone network Gp Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) Border Gateway (BG) Firewall Iu Gn Intra-PLMN backbone network (IP based) Gn Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) MSC Gs Gr Gd Gs GPRS INFRASTRUCTURE Gc Firewall Gi.IP Gr Packet SS7 network Network MAP-F Data Packet network (Internet) HLR/AuC EIR Router Corporate 1 Server Local area network Corporate 2 Server SMS-GMSC Gd Router Local area network
umtsgprs Features Key User Features of GPRS (Nonvoice value added service) VoIP Support (Speed : 14.4 Kbps x 8 timeslots = 115.2 Kbps) 144 Kbps ~ 2 Mbps Immediacy : 0.5 ~ 1 sec Quality of Service Key Network Features of GPRS Packet Switching Spectrum Efficiency (GSM and GPRS) PS and CS share the same radio resources Internet Aware End-to-end IP delivery Support SMS and Paging Support GSM and TDMA(IS-136) Designed to support IP and X25
umtsgprs Limitations Limitations of GPRS (Limited Cell Capacity) Built-in support for future capacity enhancements Adaptive antennas Advanced receiver structures : Interference cancellation, MUD Speeds much Lower in Reality : 30 ~ 50 Kbps (Transit Delays) Low Delays : 10ms frame length no Store and Forward QoS improvement needed (GPRS was not) UMTS was designed to provide Real Time services. (Impossible to have different QoS IP flows within one PDP context activation) High service flexibility with support of multiple parallel variable rate services on one connection : variable spreading and multi-code operation Mobile-specific standard (difficult integration with fixed IP networks and standards : IP Mobility, IP QoS) GPRS and Mobile IP Integration (future)
umtsgprs User Plane Application IP, PPP IP end to end GTP Tunnel IP,PPP IP PDCP BMC PDCP BMC Relay GTP-U GTP-U Relay GTP-U GTP-U RLC RLC UDP/IP UDP/IP UDP/IP UDP/IP MAC MAC AAL5 AAL5 L2 L2 L1 L1 ATM ATM L1 L1 MS Uu UTRAN Iu PS 3G-SGSN Gn 3G-GGSNGGSN Gi
GPRS Mobile IP Support Protocol Standard IP, X.25 GPRS IP / GTP / UDP / IP (heavy 3 layer protocol stack) Mobile Specific Standard Mobile IP (over cdma2000 1x) IP Only (Internet Aware) Mobile IP / IP IETF Standard RNC, SGSN, GGSN PCF, PDSN(FA), HA PS Domain Interface Iu-PS R-P(A10, A11) Multicast GPRS PTM-SC (1) 3GPP TS 23.060 IP IGMP 3GPP2 IOS (1) 11/16
GPRS and Mobile IP Integration GSM & GPRS HLR VLR Gr Gs MSC BTS Abis BSC Gb SGSN Gn GGSN Gi External data network UMTS NodeB Iub RNC Iu-PS IGSN FA Mobile IP HA IP External data network GPRS : micro-mobility MIP : macro-mobility
EDGE 1X EV Channel Size Services Peak date rate Compatible with 2G Modulation Voice Hand-off Data Hand-off Multiple Access EDGE cdma2000 1x EV-DO cdma2000 1x EV-DV 200 KHz 1.25 MHz 1.25 MHz Best effort Data Only 470 Kbps downlink Best effort Data Only Mixed Voice & Data 2.457 Mbps downlink 153.6 Kbps uplink No No Yes 8-PSK QPSK, 8-PSK 16-QAM 5.184 Mbps downlink 614.4 kbps uplink QPSK, 8-PSK 16-QAM, 64-QAM SGSN GGSN Not supported Same as IS-95/IS-2000 BSC + PCU F:fast cell selection R:soft TDMA TDMA (+ CDMA) CDMA F:fast cell selection R:soft 11/16
EDGE EDGE(Enhanced Data rates for the GSM and TDMA Evolution), IP 384Kbps 48Kbps 69.2Kbps GSM GMSK(Gaussian prefiltered minimum shift keying) 8- PSK(8-phase shift keying ) Modulation data rate 3. EDGE GPRS 2001 200KHz EDGE GSM TDMA IS-136(D-AMPS)
Coding Rates for EDGE & GPRS GPRS Rate Code Rate CS1 9.05kb/s 0.5 CS2 13.4kb/s 0.66 CS3 15.6kb/s 0.75 GMSK (1 bit/s/symbol)cs4 21.4kb/s 1.0 EDGE Rate Code Rate MCS1 8.8 kb/s 0.53 MCS2 11.2 kb/s 0.66 MCS3 14.8 kb/s 0.80 GMSK (1 bit/s/symbol) MCS4 17.6 kb/s 1.00 Rate Code Rate MCS5 22.4 kb/s 0.37 MCS6 29.6 kb/s 0.49 MCS7 44.8 kb/s 0.76 MCS8 59.2 kb/s 1.00 8-PSK (3 bit/s/symbol) EDGE = GMSK + PSK EDGE - Key Aspects A new modulation Scheme - 8PSK 200 KHz Channel spacing - unchanged Symbol rate unchanged - 270k symbol/s BUT - 3 bits/symbol : Motorola
cdma2000 1X EV-DO (HDR) Peak Data Rate = 2.4Mbps Throughput/Capacity = 620kbps HDR is a Creative Technical Solution for Web Browsing Services demonstrated in trials HDR is Limited to Bursty, Non-Real Time 1-Way Services Cannot support voice, mixed voice & data, or real time 2-way services Functionality limited by inherently large round-trip delays Requires a Dedicated Data Carrier Throughout Network Cannot seamlessly handoff to IS-95A/B or 1X systems Roaming requires tri mode mobiles (IS95A/B, 1X and HDR) HDR is a Hybrid CDMA/TDMA Technology HDR Initial Chipsets Planned only for Data Devices, Not mixed Handsets : Motorola
cdma2000 1X EV-DV (1XTREME) Peak Data Rate = 5.2Mbps; Throughput/Capacity = 1.2Mbps Peak rate achieved through 15 channel concatenation Adaptive technologies greatly improve peak rates and capacity Adaptive Scheduling Optimize scheduling to support data only or mixed services Trade peak data capacity in support of mixed services Adaptive Modulation and Coding High Data Rate Carrier in 1.25MHz bandwidth 64 QAM ( ~5 Mbps peak), 16 QAM (~2.7 Mbps peak) Turbo codes : Error correction near theoretical limit Explicit Information Bit Rate Detection Adaptive Hybrid ARQ Automatically adapts to instantaneous channel conditions Enabled by novel Dual Channel Stop-and-Wait Hybrid ARQ Adaptive Multi-code Allocation Code Division Multiplex packets from different users within a frame Multiple codes for a single user within a frame supports peak data rates : Motorola
cdma2000 1X EV-DV (1XTREME) Adaptive Cell Site Selection Fast selection replaces forward link soft handoff for 1XTREME terminals Reduced interference leads to increased capacity Adaptive Antennas Downlink Tx Diversity (Space Time Block Coding) Uplink and Downlink Rx Antenna Diversity option Backward Compatible with IS-95A/B and 1X Supports handoffs between A/B/1X/1XTREME, carrier overlay, and overflow of both voice and data through load management Supports Voice, Mixed Voice/Data, and Real-Time 2-Way Services Dynamically Optimizes Data Capacity Based on Underlying Voice Utilization : Motorola
1XTREME Peak Data Rates Downlink: 5.184 Mbps peak info rate with 64 QAM MCS 15 codes 1 code Info Rate Packet Info Rate (Mbps) Size (Mbps) Packet Size Code rate Modulation 6 5.1840 25920 0.3456 1728 3/4 64 5 3.4560 17280 0.2304 1152 1/2 64 4 3.4560 17280 0.2304 1152 3/4 16 3 2.3040 11520 0.1536 768 1/2 16 2 1.7280 8640 0.1152 576 3/4 4 1 1.1520 5760 0.0768 384 1/2 4 # of Attempts 1 2 3 Effective Information Bit Rate (Mbps) Mod = 64 Mod = 64 Mod = 16 Mod = 16 Mod = 4 Mod = 4 Rate = 3/4 Rate = 1/2 Rate = 3/4 Rate = 1/2 Rate = 3/4 Rate = 1/2 Codes = 15 Codes = 15 Codes = 15 Codes = 15 Codes = 15 Codes = 15 5.184 3.456 3.456 2.304 1.728 2.592 1.728 1.728 1.152 0.864 1.728 1.152 1.152 0.768 0.576 Uplink: 460.8 Kbps, 307.2 Kbps, 153.6 Kbps, 76.8 Kbps, 38.4 Kbps, 19.2 Kbps, 9.6 Kbps 1.152 0.576 0.384 : Motorola
UMTS Data Network 3GPP R 99 R4 / R5 GSM gsmgprs Overhead 2G GSM Backward Compatibility umtsgprs (3GPP ) UTRAN ATM All IP Pure IP Core Network Pure IP umtsgprs cdma2000 1x DCN Node (AAA, HA, Charging Server..) UMTS MAP IS-41 MAP Service Profile (QoS ) 2G HLR, SCP, SMSC Nodes 3G Nodes IS-95A/B Data Network Roaming Architecture
Wireless Data Network GGSN Other PLMN Alternative Access Network SGSN Gn Gp Applications & Services *) SCP CAP HSS *) EIR Gr Gf Mh Cx Gi Gc Legacy mobile signaling Network R-SGW Ms CSCF Mr MRF Gi Mw Mg CSCF Mm MGCF Gi Multimedia IP Networks T-SGW *) UMTS cdma2000 1x TE MT UTRAN R Uu TE CSCF Call State Control Function HSS Home Subscriber Server MGCF Media Gateway Control Function MGW Media Gateway MRF Media Resource Function R-SGW Roaming Signalling Gateway SCP Service Control Point T-SGW Transport Signalling Gateway Iu-ps SGSN Applications & Services *) Gn IGSN(FA) M-IP MT RAN PDSN R Um R-P M-IP SCP Pi HSS *) GGSN Gi M-IP HA MGW Gi Gi Mc MRF CSCF Signalling Interface PSTN/ Legacy/External Signalling and Data Transfer Interface
Conclusion Core Technology GPRS Mobile IP All IP Network Radio Spectrum (smart antenna beam forming application) QoS / CoS Internet Wireless Data Network Multimedia Contents Operator Roaming Terminals