Note: many punctuation and symbols don t have any spaces before them. They attach right to the word.

PUNCTUATION SPACING RULES ; space once after the semi-colon : space twice after the colon when used in sentence or heading : don t space after a colon when used in time ex: 7:00 am, space once after the comma. space twice after period at the end of the sentence. space once after an abbreviation period ex: Mrs. or Mr.? space twice after question mark! space twice after exclamation mark / don't space between a figure and the /. ex 4/5 $ don't space between a figure and the $. ex $5.00 % don't space between a figure and the %. ex 35% - don't space before or after hyphen -- don't space before or after dash # don't space between a figure and the #. ex. #4 or 5# & space once before and after & used to join names () don't space between () and the copy they enclose ex. (Red & Sons) ' don't space before or after the apostrophe. ex. it's " don't space between " and the copy they enclose. ex. "cat" * don't space between the * and the figure or word. underline key to make blank lines or dividers Note: many punctuation and symbols don t have any spaces before them. They attach right to the word. 1

REPORT SET UP 1. Font size 12 or 14 2. Double space (ctrl-2 or format menu-paragraph) 3. Top, bottom, left, and right margins one inch (see below for directions for your computer) a. MicroSoft Word (PC version): file menu, page set up, change margins: top, bottom, left, right to one inch b. MicroSoft Word (Mac version): format menu, document, change margins: top, bottom, left, right to one inch 4. Three double space returns before the title 5. Center title in all caps 6. Two double space returns after the title (cursor at end of title before returning) 7. Change to align left 8. Tab indent each paragraph 9. Allow lines in each paragraph to word-wrap (computer returns when line is full on screen) 10. Return only one time between paragraphs SOCCER: A NEW NATIONAL PASTIME? For a long time the sports interests of our nation have stayed the same. Recently, a sport that is old to most of the world is becoming quite well liked by players in our nation. Soccer, the world s most popular sport, may soon become one of our nation s newest pastimes. Players on each team hit a round ball with any body part except their hands. This proves quite exciting. Many of us have read how fans can really get into the game. There have been games in which fans have created riots when the home team is losing. In Brazil the field has a moat on both sides to keep fans and players apart. Yet the new sport has not yet taken over first place in our world of sports. The fans in our country still support many of the old ball games such as baseball, football, and basketball. Still it looks as if soccer may soon end up a major sport. It appears our current sports may be taking a back seat to the game of soccer. What is to happen in the future will, of course, not be decided for a few years. It will take a long time for our fans to make a change. No matter when and how it occurs, it is likely to be very exciting. 2

TITLE PAGE SET UP Centering Single spacing (ctrl-1 or format menu-paragraph) Font size 12 or 14 to start Top and bottom margin zero (see below for directions for your computer) o MicroSoft Word (PC version): file menu, page set up, change margins, top zero, bottom zero o MicroSoft Word (Mac version): format menu, document, change margins, top zero, bottom zero Add graphic: insert menu, picture, clipart, insert graphic. Next: double click the graphic, layout tab, select square, drag and drop, or size if needed. Add page border: format menu, borders and shading, click page border tab, select type and color, ok. To remove a border: format menu, borders and shading, select none from the list at the left. Add border around text: drag to select text, format menu, borders and shading, click border tab, select type and color, ok. To remove a text border: format menu, borders and shading, click border tab, select none from the list at the left. TITLE OF PAPER (all capital letters) (turn off the caps lock) Name Class Name Hour _ No abbreviation of the month. Ex: May 29, 2020 One space after the comma. Month day, year 3

REFERENCES OR WORK CITED PAGES References or Work Cited pages are used to cite material used from another source like a book, magazine, or the Internet. If you use the information you must give credit to the person or persons who wrote it. Please remember that references are listed in alphabetical order. 1. References are typed on a separate page and usually found at the end of the report. 2. Click on the centering icon 3. Return 6 times before you start to type. 4. With your caps lock down type the title: REFERENCES 5. Return 4 times and turn off caps lock. 6. Change to align left icon. 7. Creating the hanging indent set up: *When using Microsoft Word you will drag the bottom marker triangle to the next half-inch mark. The top part of the ruler marker will stay put. 8. You must let the lines word wrap to get the indentation of the second or third lines. 9. Return twice to start a new reference. 10. Remember to underline the necessary titles. SAMPLE: REFERENCES Cassady, Mona J. Word/Information Processing Concepts. 2d ed. Cincinnati: South-Western Publishing Co., 1984. Information/Word Processing Glossary. Willow Grove, PA: International Information/Word Processing Association, 1982. 4

WORKING WITH WORD Fonts Font types: formatting toolbar or format menu-font Font sizes: formatting toolbar or format menu-font. Note: you may enter the number in the number and hit enter to change to a number not in the list. Font styles: bold, italics, and underline on formatting toolbar or format menufont. In the menu there are other choices of styles: outline, shadow, subscript, superscript, different underline styles, etc. Font color: formatting toolbar or format menu font Alignments Left, center, right, justify: formatting toolbar or format menu-paragraph. Align right is great for getting your name in the right hand corner of papers. Header and Footer View menu-header and footer Use alignment pictures on the formatting toolbar to align information or tab key. Auto page numbering: icon on header/footer floating toolbar Insert date: 7 calendar page icon on header/footer floating toolbar Insert time: clock icon on header/footer toolbar Close: click on close at end of toolbar to leave the header/footer Print layout view: see in gray the header/footer data typed in Normal view: will not see header/footer data typed in on screen. Can see it in the print preview mode-file menu or standard toolbar. Also, when printing. Spacing Single: ctrl-1 or format menu-paragraph 1.5 spacing: ctrl-5 or format menu-paragraph Double spacing: ctrl-2 or format menu-paragraph Format Painter 1. Select text that is in the style that you want. 2. Click on text or drag to select. 3. Double click the format painter icon on the standard toolbar (paint brush) 4. Now paint across the text that you want to change to that format. 5. Click on the brush icon to turn it off. 5

Replace and Find 1. Edit menu-replace 2. Enter the text to find and the text to replace in the correct boxes. 3. Choose either replace all or replace Cut, Copy, Paste Cut: ctrl-x, scissors icon on standard toolbar, right click cut or edit menu o Select text to cut o Click cursor where you want to paste it. Copy: ctrl-c, double sheet icon on standard toolbar, right click or edit menu o Select text to copy o Click cursor where you want to paste it. Paste: ctrl-v, clipboard icon on standard toolbar, right click or edit menu o Click cursor where you want to paste text or graphic and use one of the steps above. Drop Cap 1. Select the letter to drop cap by dragging and highlighting 2. Format menu-drop cap 3. Choose the text style and how many lines to drop Change Case 1. Select the text that needs to be changed 2. Format menu-change case 3. Select uppercase, lowercase, sentence, etc. Margin and indent changes using the horizontal or vertical ruler Switch to print layout view. To change the margin settings for the whole document: Point to a margin boundary on the horizontal ruler or vertical ruler. When the pointer changes to a double-headed arrow, drag the margin boundary (gray area). Tabs First line indent Right indent Hanging indent Left margin (gray area) Left indent Right margin (gray area) 6

To specify exact margin measurements, hold down ALT as you drag the margin boundary; the ruler displays the measurements of the margins. NOTE: If you prefer to type the measurements, click Page Setup on the File menu, and then click the Margins tab. To change the left or right indent for part of a document, select the text; drag the left indent marker to the desired spot on the ruler. Repeat for the right indent marker. Create a hanging indent 1. Select the paragraph in which you want to create a hanging indent. 2. If you don't see the horizontal ruler, click Ruler on the View menu. 3. On the horizontal ruler, drag the Hanging Indent marker to the position at which you want the indent to start. Bullets Click on the bullets icon on the formatting toolbar or format menu-bullets and numbering. Bullets appear each time you return. Tab to indent Use the decrease indent button on the formatting toolbar to move to the left. To change bullets go to bullets and numbering from the format menu. Choose picture for colored shapes or customize for symbols. Numbering Click on the numbering icon on the formatting toolbar or format menu-bullets and numbering. 7

Numbers appear when you start typing and when you return. Use tab to increase the indent and the decrease indent icon on the formatting toolbar to move back to the left. To change the numbering look go to the format menu. To change the sequence: restart numbering or continue with previous go to the format menu-bullets and numbering. Tab settings 1. Located at the left where the vertical and horizontal rulers meet. (See picture above) 2. Click to get the desired tab alignment (left, center, right, decimal) 3. Point and click on the hortz. Ruler where you want the tab. 4. Change settings your using the tab window: format menu-tabs or double click on the tab you set. 5. Leader dots can be inserted from the tab window: click on the tab you want in the list at the left in the tab window, next click on the leader type. Ok Leader dots will appear when the tab key is tapped. Good for table of contents, menus, concessions signs. Any tab alignment will work with leaders. 6. Select text before dragging and moving tabs placed on the ruler 7. Delete tabs by dragging them off the ruler or from the tab window. Add a border to a page in a document 1. On the Format menu, click Borders and Shading, and then click the Page Border tab. 2. Select the options you want. 8

3. To specify that the border appear on a particular side of a page, such as only at the top, click Custom under Setting. Under Preview, click where you want the border to appear. 4. To specify a particular page or section for the border to appear in, click the option you want under Apply to. To specify the exact position of the border on the page, click Options, and then select the options you want. Add a border to text 1. Do one of the following: To add a border to a paragraph, click anywhere in the paragraph. To add a border only to specific text, select the text. 2. On the Format menu, click Borders and Shading, and then click the Borders tab. 3. Select the options you want, and make sure the correct option Paragraph or Text is selected under Apply to. 4. To specify that only particular sides get borders, click Custom under Setting. Under Preview, click the diagram's sides, or use the buttons to apply and remove borders. 5. To specify the exact position of the border relative to the text, click Paragraph under Apply to, click Options, and then select the options you want. Add shading to a table, a paragraph, or selected text 1. To add shading to a table, click anywhere in the table. To add shading to specific cells, select the cells, including the end-of-cell marks. To add shading to text or a paragraph select the text. 2. On the Format menu, click Borders and Shading, and then click the Shading tab. 3. Select the options you want. 9

Create columns to continue writing in the next column on the same page 1. Switch to print layout view. 2. To format the entire document in columns, click Select All on the Edit menu or ctrl-a. To format part of the document in columns, select the text. 3. On the Standard toolbar, click Columns. 4. Drag to select the number of columns you want. 5. If you want to adjust the column widths and spacing, drag the column markers on the horizontal ruler. Tables 1. Click where you want to create a table. This can be done in a blank document or between paragraphs. 2. Click the Insert Table icon on the Standard toolbar. 3. Drag to select the number of rows and columns you want. Note You can use the Table AutoFormat command to quickly give a table a polished look by using a variety of borders, fonts, and shading. Insert or delete a table, row, or column 1. Use the insert icon on the table and borders toolbar (see below) or go to the table menu. Choose insert or delete and either table, row, or column. 10

Note You can quickly add an additional row by placing your cursor in the last cell, in the last row and pressing tab. Automatically format a table 1. Click the table. 2. On the Table menu, click Table AutoFormat. 3. In the Formats box, click the format you want. Tables and Borders Toolbar Tables and Borders Click to bring up toolbar Top row: (left to right) Bottom row: (left to right) 1. Pencil to draw own table lines 8. Insert table, rows, columns (delete too) 2. Eraser to erase table lines 9. Merge cells 3. Line type 10. Split cells 4. Line width in point sizes 11. Align info in cells 5. Line color 12. Distribute rows 6. Outside table borders (add or remove) 13. Distribute columns 7. Paint bucket for shading 14. Auto format 15. Text direction 16. Sort cell information a-z or z-a 11 17. Sum add cell data

Remove a border from a table Do one of the following: Tips To remove all borders from a table, click anywhere in the table. To remove borders from specific cells, select the cells, including the end-of-cell marks. 1. On the Format menu, click Borders and Shading, and then click the Borders tab. 2. Under Setting, click None. You can quickly remove all borders and shading from a table by clicking the table, clicking Table AutoFormat (Table menu), and then clicking None in the Formats box. You can also quickly remove borders from parts of a table. On the Tables and Borders toolbar, click the arrow next to Line Style, click No Border, and then drag over the existing borders you want to remove. Change the space between cells in a table 1. Click the table. 2. On the Table menu, click Table Properties, and then click the Table tab. 3. Click Options. 4. Under Default cell spacing, select the Allow spacing between cells check box and enter the measurement you want. Adjusting row and column sizes 1. Place the cursor on the inside border line (row or column) until a double arrow shows. 2. Hold down the left mouse button and drag either direction. 12

Move a table 1. Rest the pointer on the table until the table move handle appears on the upper-left corner of the table. (see below) 2. Rest the pointer on the table move handle until a four-headed arrow appears. 3. Drag the table to the new location. Move or select the table Resize table Resize a table 1. Rest the pointer on the table until the table resize handle appears on the lower-right corner of the table. (See picture above for help) 2. Rest the pointer on the table resize handle until a double-headed arrow appears. 3. Drag the table boundary until the table is the size you want. Note If you are working on a Web page or in Web layout view, you can set the table to automatically resize to fit in a window when you change the window size. Click in the table. On the Table menu, point to AutoFit, and then click AutoFit to Window. Merge cells 1. Drag to select the cells that you want to merge into one cell. Click the merge cell icon on the tables and borders toolbar or go to the table menu. Split cells 1. Drag to select the cells that you want to split into other cells. Click the split cell icon on the tables and borders toolbar or go to the table menu. This creates a nested table. 13

Cornell Notes Set Up 1. To create Cornell Notes for lecture classes, insert a two column, one row table. 2. Use tab to move across and also to add more rows as you need them. 3. Select the whole table. From the tables and borders toolbar choose the outside borders icon. 4. Select no border. You will see a gray border on screen but not in print. POWERPOINT HOW TO Choosing a new slide 1. New slides can be added to the presentation several ways: a. Ctrl-m b. Insert menu-new slide c. Common tasks-new slide d. Standard toolbar new slide icon Layout Options 1. Slide layouts can be changed from the common task tool bar once you are on a slide. 2. Choose the layout that is the best set up for your slide. 3. Remember that the layouts can be changed, as they are just text or object boxes on a slide by dragging or deleting. 4. If you want to create your own slide layout just choose the blank card and add your own text boxes and/or clipart from the draw tools menu at the bottom of window. Text: Style, Font, Alignment, and Color 1. The formatting tool bar will allow font, style, and alignment changes. If you have already typed in your text just select it and then make your choice. 2. The color change can be made using the font color feature on the draw tool bar at the bottom of the screen. If the draw tool bar is hidden just go to the view menu and select it under tool bars. 3. Word Art is another feature in which you can type your words and they will take on a shape, shadow, or 3-d effect. This feature is also located on the draw tool bar at the bottom of the screen. 14

Background Color 1. Apply design from the common tasks tool bar will allow you to choose an already made design that comes with the software. NOTE: if there is not a blank choice you will be stuck with your choice. It may be a good idea to do this later if you are not sure of a background. 2. You can also create your own background colors by choosing the format menu and background. find the black arrow that is pointing down, hold down on it. you can choose a solid color and apply to just that slide or apply it to all of them. you can choose fill effects and this will allow choices of: gradients, texture, and patterns. Each of these can have its color adjusted. If you have your apply design chosen first it will adjust that design into the color scheme you have chosen, but not the whole design. Choose apply for that slide or apply all for the whole slide show. Note: pick a background that is easy to read throughout the entire slide show. Animation Effects 1. Open the animation effects tool bar from the view menu or click on the star icon on the formatting toolbar. 2. Several effects are on this tool bar and are shown by icon. 3. In the lower right hand corner there is a custom animation feature which will allow you to pick more effects. (See below) 4. The order that you pick the effects on the slide is the order in which they will come on to the slide. If you want to change the order just click once on the text or object box and go to the animation effects 15

toolbar. Hold down in the black arrow (lower left hand corner) to see the number of effects. Choose the number in which you want that box to come on to the slide. (See below) 5. BE VERY CAREFUL!!! Too many effects or the wrong effects can be very distracting to the people viewing your slide show. If your audience misses your message, what was the point of the presentation? The slide in effects are nice if you do not want all your information showing at one time. Each one can slide in as you talk about it. You can also choose dim in the custom animation screen. The dim feature will change the color of the last point when you click on the new point. 6. Effects are an extra, not a presentation requirement. Transitions 1. Under the slide show menu choose slide transitions. 2. The transitions you pick will be shown between the slides. 3. Select how fast the transition will play by clicking on your choice at this screen. 4. Choose transitions that will not take away from the presentation. 5. Transitions should be set on mouse click for user control or automatic with the number of seconds set for auto play of presentation. (Time auto) 6. Transitions are an extra, not a presentation requirement. Views 1. Slide view your work area of each slide in a large view. 2. Outline view either create your outline and the presentation will make its self or have an outline ready to print after you create a presentation. 3. Slide sorter you can see all the slides in your presentation. Click and drag to change the order in which you want them to play. See the effects or transitions set on each card. Double click on a card to get to it quickly. 4. Notes view this view will let you add notes to each slide on an individual sheet for printing. You will see your slide at the top and your 16

own notes for your presentation at the bottom. 5. Slide show view use this to run your presentation. Click your mouse to stop the presentation, or click on esc. Look in the lower left hand corner for a pop up menu. Printing MAC Version 1. Go to the file menu and choose print. 2. Find the box with the word General in it. Hold down on the black arrow. 3. Select Microsoft PowerPoint from the list. 4. Next the words Print What you will find a box with the word slide. Hold down on that box to see that other print choices. We will use handout (2 per page) to save paper and printing time. 5. When printing the slides make sure that the pure black and white box has a check mark in it. If it does not there will be a big waste of toner because the color will show in shades of black in the background. Printing PC Version 1. Go to the file menu and choose print. 2. In print range select to print all slides, current, or list the slide numbers in the slides box. Note example below box for help with this. 3. The print what box has many choices in the pop up menu. You can print slides, handouts, your notes pages, or an outline of the presentation. 4. Handouts if you choose handouts, at the right select how many will print on one page. 5. The grayscale print choice works well. 6. Click ok to send to the printer. Which slides? Print what? Handouts 17

Advanced Features of PowerPoint Creating Buttons Slideshow menu Choose action buttons Select a button style Draw button shape Click hyperlink At the pull down menu choose slide Select the slide out of the list that you want to connect to Click ok Change the color on it by clicking once to select, use the paint bucket icon on the draw tools Also, the line width, line color, and shadow may be changed using the draw tools While in slideshow view test the button If this is a button that you will use several times, go to slideshow view and make sure it works. Then: click once on it, copy, and paste on each slide. To edit a button: right click on it, choose hyperlink, click on the hyperlink to pop up menu and choose slide and then select the correct slide. Windows system set ups for microphone recordings Set up for using the Stereo mix for recording a CD sound clip: o Find the speaker icon on the task bar, right hand side. o Double click on the speaker icon Speaker icon o Go to the options menu and choose properties o Click on recording o Place a check mark in the following boxes if they are not done. -Mono mix -Line in mic -CD player -Stereo mix -Mic 18

You are now at the recording control window, you should now place a check mark in the stereo mix column select box. The slide or better known as the gain should be set to only about the second marking from the bottom. If you increase it too much you will see your recording waves in Audacity get too large and they will reach outside of the recording window area. This may cause your music to sound bad. The gain may need to be adjusted as you work. You can keep the recording control window open during your use of Audacity. Now you can record a cd sound clip using Audacity and the Windows media player. DO NOT HAVE THE MICROPHONE PLUGGED IN THEN YOU ARE RECORDING A CD SOUND CLIP. It may record through the mic instead of the sound card and there will be too much feedback on the playback. Recording Music Sound Clip (Using Audacity Software-freeware software that can be down loaded from the internet) Audacity Start Windows media player after inserting music cd Start the software audacity (This is a freeware piece of software and can be downloaded from the internet) Arrange Windows so that you can see both pieces of software Get to the cd sound track where you would like to record At the file menu choose preferences, Audio I/O tab and check mark stereo, click ok Start cd playing At the audacity window click record Record no more than 15 seconds of the song Click stop on audacity Click stop on Windows media player Back at audacity listen to your recording Audacity has other features that you can use to enhance or improve your recording if you want to mess with it, highlight the recording line, go to effects menu and try them. File Export mp3 Choose your user folder 19

Create new folder Name it music Give the file a name Click save or ok If you want to save this clip and return to it to work on again: Go to the file menu and select save project as, name it and save it in your music folder. This file would need to be exported after you make changes to it, if you want to use it in PowerPoint. Repeat steps for other sound clips naming them each a different name Exit both audacity and Windows media player Go to your slide in power point Insert menu Movies and sounds Sounds from file Select music file A speaker icon should appear on the slide While in slide show view click on the speaker to hear the clip Getting music to play over several slides Note: the speaker icon (appears when sound or music is placed on slide) should be on the first slide if you want the music to play throughout the whole slide show Follow the steps above to get sound set to play Right click on speaker icon Choose custom animation Click order and timing tab Click on media # (this is the sound object you created and placed on slide) Select either on mouse click or auto # seconds before it plays Click multimedia settings tab Place checkmark in play using animation order Choose continue slide Stop playing one slide before where your voice recording is located Ex: if your voice recording is on slide 8 stop after 7 slides is your choice Windows system set ups for voice and microphone recordings If you or someone else who uses your computer is working between the mic settings and the cd stereo mix settings you need to make sure that you are on the correct setting for what you are doing. 20 Speaker icon

Set up for using the microphone: (see picture above) o Find the speaker icon on the task bar, right hand side. o Double click on the speaker icon o Remove the checkmark from mute and slide the gain (slide bar) up about a third of the way. o Go to the options menu and choose properties o Click on recording o Place a check mark in the following boxes if they are not done. Mono mix Stereo mix CD player Line in mic Mic You are now at the recording control window, you should now place a check mark in the microphone balance column select box. Voice Recording Directions using PowerPoint Plug mic into back pink plug in (first on right side if facing back of machine.) Make sure you are at the slide that you want to record Click on Insert menu Choose Movies & sound Choose Record sound Type in a name Click red button to record Click stop Click play to listen to Note: if you want to continue recording just hit the record button Click OK when done Speaker icon on screen Drag it to where you want it Click on speaker to hear recording while in slideshow view If you are interested in having it play when the person gets to the slide automatically then work in the custom animation screen to time it to play automatically when arriving at the slide. This should be similar to the directions above, but without using the background music. 21

Working with Clipart, Scanned Photos and Digital Photos Clipart can be inserted from the clipart gallery: insert menu, picture, clipart Scanned photos that are saved in your user folder: (directions for scanning are located on the computer monitor hooked up to the scanner) o Insert menu, picture, from file, locate your scanned items in your user folder. Repeat as needed. Digital Photos that are saved in the camera pictures folder on the student server drive X: o All digital photos taken at school are downloaded into the camera pictures folder by date and usually class hour. o Insert menu, picture, from file, locate the camera picture folder on the student server drive X. Repeat as needed. If the cropping and grabber box tools do not let you manipulate your images, as you would like, you may want to use Infranview-freeware software that can be down loaded from the Internet. This software will let you open or paste the image into the software and make adjustments. Then save or copy when done. Insert picture or paste onto the slide. 22