Operating tunnels safely Overvoltage protection for critical systems in tunnels Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Martin Sandau Technical Support Business Unit Surge Protection 1 ITS 2013 19/09/13 Operating Tunnels Safely Martin Sandau
PHOENIX CONTACT Corporate Headquarter in Blomberg, Germany Facts and Figures: Bad Pyrmont Blomberg Approx. 12,800 employees worldwide More than 40,000 products Turnover in 2012: 1.59 billion Sales Share: 30 % on german market / 70 % abroad still family-owned company, not present at Stock Exchange Supplier of terminal blocks, power supplies, UPS-Systems (DC and AC), Automated Control Systems, Printed Circuit board connectors, marking systems sensor/actuator cables, Relays, surge protection.and much more 2 ITS 2013 19/09/13 Operating Tunnels Safely Martin Sandau
PHOENIX CONTACT A/S, Norway Sales Norway PHOENIX CONTACT A/S Oslo Founded: 1988 Employees: 32 www.phoenixcontact.no Oslo 3 ITS 2013 19/09/13 Operating Tunnels Safely Martin Sandau
System Availability in tunnels also under severe environmental conditions 4 ITS 2013 19/09/13 Operating Tunnels Safely Martin Sandau
Source of disturbances LEMP (Lightning Electromagnetic Pulse) Extremely high surge voltages Occur only rare as compared to other types SEMP (Switching Electromagnetic Pulse) Switching of high-capacity machines Short circuits in the power supply network Occurrence of extremely high current changes ESD (ElectroStatic Discharge) Discharge between bodies Generally not harmful to human beings 5 ITS 2013 19/09/13 Operating Tunnels Safely Martin Sandau
Coupling Mechanisms galvanic inductive capacitive i(t) i(t) i(t) u(t) R u R = R i e r L L K M: mutual inductance of a conductors loop C K C K : coupling capacitance of 2 parallel cables 6 ITS 2013 19/09/13 Operating Tunnels Safely Martin Sandau
Wiring as base for a good or bad installation correct reality perfect 7 ITS 2013 19/09/13 Operating Tunnels Safely Martin Sandau
Installation conditions inside a tunnel Long cable trays parallel routing over several 100 m Installation of power cables and control cables next to each other without shielding the cables Conductor loops formed by bad installation 8 ITS 2013 19/09/13 Operating Tunnels Safely Martin Sandau
Rated impulse withstand voltage of equipment acc. to IEC 60364-4-44 9 ITS 2013 19/09/13 Operating Tunnels Safely Martin Sandau
Multi-stage protection Lightning-current arrester Type 1 Surge-voltage arrester Type 2 Device protection Type 3 10 ITS 2013 19/09/13 Operating Tunnels Safely Martin Sandau
Lightning protection zones LPZ acc. to IEC 62305-1 Outdoors LPZ 0 direct lightning strike possible no shielding against LEMP Indoors LPZ 1 partial lightning currents high-energy transients caused by SEMP LPZ 2 low-energy transients caused by SEMP electrostatic discharges (ESD) LPZ 3 no transient currents and voltages which exceed the emission limits; shielding and separate routing of circuits which may influence each other 11 ITS 2013 19/09/13 Operating Tunnels Safely Martin Sandau
Surge protective devices for power supply IEC Class I / EN Type 1 Lightning-current arrester Coarse protection IEC Class II / EN Type 2 Surge arrester Medium protection IEC Class III / EN Type 3 Device protection Fine protection 12 ITS 2013 19/09/13 Operating Tunnels Safely Martin Sandau
Tunnel infrastructure today 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Lighting system Ventilation system Traffic control system Communication system Fire alarm system Extinguishing system Fire emergency lights Tunnel control cubicle Energy supply cubicle Building (Tunnel) management system 13 ITS 2013 19/09/13 Operating Tunnels Safely Martin Sandau
EMC Zone and Grounding concept e.g. potential equalization in a tunnel system 14 ITS 2013 19/09/13 Operating Tunnels Safely Martin Sandau
EMC Zone and Grounding concept e.g. potential equalization in a tunnel system Behaviour of the system in case of transient overvoltages 15 ITS 2013 19/09/13 Operating Tunnels Safely Martin Sandau
Definition of Lightning Protection Zones Zone concept in the tunnels central area LPZ 2 LPZ 1 LPZ 2 LPZ 1 LPZ 3 LPZ 0B (A) Protection of the RS 485 communication line of the PLC or bus system 16 ITS 2013 19/09/13 Operating Tunnels Safely Martin Sandau Tunnel intersection LPZ1 (LPZ 0B)
Definition of Lightning Protection Zones Zone concept in the outstation (tunnel tube) 17 ITS 2013 19/09/13 Operating Tunnels Safely Martin Sandau
Single Entry Point Grounding concept in the central area SEP 18 ITS 2013 19/09/13 Operating Tunnels Safely Martin Sandau
Single Entry Point Grounding concept in the central area 19 ITS 2013 19/09/13 Operating Tunnels Safely Martin Sandau
Single Entry Point Grounding concept in the central area Shield connection via EMC-connection to the housing Output protected to zone LPZ 2 Rail- Imput Rail- Protect Rail- Output Connection via terminal blocks Signal contact Supply 24VDC (Sign.) Connection to the SPD Connection to the SPD Connection to the SPD Connection to the SPD Shield connection via EMC-connection to the housing 20 ITS 2013 19/09/13 Operating Tunnels Safely Martin Sandau Input unprotected from Zone LPZ 0B SEP MEB
Definition of Lightning Protection Zones Zone concept for Tunnel stretch zone, central and front-end Lightning Protection Zone tunnel area LPZ front-end processing LPZ0 2 LPZ1 Transformer station 3 Sub DB with PLC 3 Sub DB with PLC 3 Sub DB with PLC 3 Sub DB with PLC LPZ2 Main Distribution 1 2 LPZ0 LPZ0 Distribution tunnel front-end signal carrier 4 4 4 5/6 LPZ2 5/6 5/6 signal carrier signal carrier signal carrier (1) Class I Lightning Protection LV-Supply 3x400/230 (LPZ 0 LPZ 1) (2) Class I Lightning Protection LV- Distribution in front-end (LPZ 0 LPZ 1) (3) Class II Surge Protection LV- Supply in sub distributions of tunnel protection zone (LPZ 1 LPZ 2) (4) Class I+II Combined Lightning & Surge Protection Front-end Signalling Cabinet (LPZ 0 LPZ 2) (5) Class II Surge Protection in 230 V distribution to signal entrance (LPZ 0 LPZ 2) (6) Surge Protection RS485 interface to signal entrance (LPZ 0 LPZ 2) 21 ITS 2013 19/09/13 Operating Tunnels Safely Martin Sandau
Definition of Lightning Protection Zones Zone concept for Tunnel stretch area, central and front-end 1 Fuse NH 00 160A 1 2 MEB 22 ITS 2013 19/09/13 Operating Tunnels Safely Martin Sandau 2 LV distribution sub distribution -tunnel zone LV distribution sub distribution front-end
Application of signal protection in tunnels Zone concept in the outdoor area LPZ 2 Signal- and Data Protection Protection of low voltage power mains 23 ITS 2013 19/09/13 Operating Tunnels Safely Martin Sandau
Application of signal protection in tunnels Zone concept in an outstation of the tunnel ye rd 12 22 Floating remote indication contact Signals and Data Optical Signalization PLUGTRAB PT-IQ 24 ITS 2013 19/09/13 Operating Tunnels Safely Martin Sandau
Application for data protection in tunnels Zone concept for tunnel portal with LDM/Video LDM Lighting density measurement LDM camera video- system VoIP- camera (PoE) 25 ITS 2013 19/09/13 Operating Tunnels Safely Martin Sandau
Application for data protection in tunnels Zone concept for tunnel portal and traffic management system Low voltage Power Supply SPD Type 1/2 SPD for RS485 SPD for 230 V AC Controller SPD for RS485 FOC from tunnel central SPD for 230 V AC 26 ITS 2013 19/09/13 Operating Tunnels Safely Martin Sandau
Application for data protection in tunnels Zone concept for tunnel portal and traffic management system Low voltage Power Supply SPD Type 1/2 SPD for RS485 SPD for 230 V AC Controller SPD for RS485 FOC from tunnel central SPD for 230 V AC 27 ITS 2013 19/09/13 Operating Tunnels Safely Martin Sandau
Example of a zone concept in a tunnel surge protection in the tunnel area 28 ITS 2013 19/09/13 Operating Tunnels Safely Martin Sandau
Example of a zone concept in a tunnel Tunnel operation building Air condition motor Interception tips Medium voltage-line Power distribution line MV MVtrafo Tunnel Control system Room BG End device CCTV camera Interception tip MDB Light bulb Down conductor camera Ground rod Isolated down conductor For lconductors from LPZ 1 Shielded cable tray or conductor Cable from LPZ 0A Surge arresters in ISO junction box Cable from LPZ 0B Steel reinforcement Potential equalization FE + stainless steel Potential equalization to the tunnel FE + stainless steel 29 ITS 2013 19/09/13 Operating Tunnels Safely Martin Sandau
Example of a zone concept in a tunnel surge protection in the front-end of the tunnel r = 45 m r = 45 m Lightning rod Lightning rod Stretch Station LPZ 0 A LPZ 0 A LPZ 2 Down conductor PE PE PE PE PE Down conductor LPZ 0 B LPZ 1 SPD Type 1+2 I/O-Signals and Data PE PE PE Cable from LPZ 0 A Cable from LPZ 0 B Earth rod Earth rod Earth rod Potential equalization from operational building Protection board 30 ITS 2013 19/09/13 Operating Tunnels Safely Martin Sandau
Example of a zone concept in a tunnel surge protection in the portal entrance Entrance front-end CCTV camera LPZ 0A Interception tip Ground rod Isolated down conductor Ground ring or ground rod (depending on earth resistance cable from LPZ 0A LPZ 0B cable from LPZ 0B Equipotential bonding bar Ground rod 31 ITS 2013 19/09/13 Operating Tunnels Safely Martin Sandau
Example of switch cabinets incl. SPDs Howaldtunnel, Luxemburg Low-voltage distribution switch cabinet 32 ITS 2013 19/09/13 Operating Tunnels Safely Martin Sandau Switch cabinet for a rescue niche
Cabinets for LED lighting in the tunnel incl. Type II SPD and line filter in the 2 nd Coentunnel, Netherlands 33 ITS 2013 19/09/13 Operating Tunnels Safely Martin Sandau
Main distribution with Type I+II SPD 2 nd Coentunnel, Netherlands Back-up fuse 160 A gg Lightning and surge current SPD (Type 1+2) 34 ITS 2013 19/09/13 Operating Tunnels Safely Martin Sandau
Surge protection for I/O signals 2 nd Coentunnel, Netherlands Protected signal lines Unprotected signal lines SPDs for binary signal circuits 35 ITS 2013 19/09/13 Operating Tunnels Safely Martin Sandau
Ventilation tower Type I SPD for frequency converters in 2 nd Coentunnel, Netherlands 36 ITS 2013 19/09/13 Operating Tunnels Safely Martin Sandau Type I SPD for frequency converter operated 690 V IT-power supply system in cooling tower
Protection of CCTV cameras and LDM 37 ITS 2013 19/09/13 Operating Tunnels Safely Martin Sandau Antenna line protected with C-UFB-5DC/E 230 V power lines protected with PT 2-PE/S-230AC/FM
Lightning & surge current laboratory 38 ITS 2013 19/09/13 Operating Tunnels Safely Martin Sandau
39 ITS 2013 19/09/13 Operating Tunnels Safely Martin Sandau