Creating Solutions for Health through Technology Innovation Karthik Vasanth General Manager, Medical and High Reliability Business Unit Texas Instruments, Inc
Outline Healthcare trends and opportunities Semiconductors in healthcare Examples : Ultrasound Connected health Electronics in the body Future trends
Strong global trends driving the market Aging populations In ten years (2019), 32% more people in the US will be over 65 years than today. By 2025 1.2 billion people will be over 50 years old, twice as many as in 2006. Rising healthcare costs U.S. healthcare spending more than 17% of GDP, Europe not far behind Costs expected to grow from $2.5 trillion in 2009 to $4.5 trillion in 2019 Remote and emerging markets China healthcare expenditure increased from 3.7% of GDP in 1995 to 5.6% in 2007 India government proposed in 2008 to increase public expenditure on health care from 1% to 3% of GDP Personal healthcare 33% of medical semiconductor revenue in 2008 went into consumer medical devices Sources: World Health Organization (WHO), National Health Expenditure Report 2009, Databeans, Frost & Sullivan, Economic Times 3
Healthcare trends and opportunities Anywhere Personalized Telehealth Sports/fitness Doctor s office Chronic disease Patient comfort Hospital Portable/ affordable Emergency care/ Remote Early diagnostics/ Real-time monitoring Handheld/Bodyworn Cost efficient Precision/Performance Electronic Health 4 Records Connected 4
Diverse and broad market Consumer medical devices Diagnostic, patient monitoring and therapy Medical instruments Medical imaging Digital thermometers Blood glucose monitor Blood pressure monitor Insulin pumps Heart rate monitors Audiology (digital hearing aids) ECG EEG Blood oxygen (pulse oximeter) Blood pressure Temperature Ventilation/ respiration Defibrillators Implantable devices Laboratory equipment Dialysis machines Analytical instruments Surgical instruments Dental instruments Ultrasound CT MRI X-Ray Other imaging (nuclear, positron emission tomography)
What does a semiconductor do in healthcare? Healthcare revolution Smaller size Lower power Higher performance Healthcare transformed 2000 and beyond
Trends for innovation Consumer medical devices Diagnostic, patient monitoring and therapy Medical imaging Medical instruments Uncomfortable Doctor s office Radiology center + + Laboratory Comfortable Patient s home Remote regions/triage Innovation Portable Wireless Connected Cost efficient Short time to market New technologies
Medical possibilities Health Doctors office / Hospital Ultrasound Imaging PET / CT / MRI Personal Health and Fitness Need analog And digital processing Digital X-ray New innovation
Design Challenges Health Doctors office / Hospital Mixed signal integration Packaging Power Personal Health Mixed signal integration Packaging Power Ultrasound Low power, smaller Multi channel Improved performance Need analog And digital processing New innovation TBD Imaging PET / CT / MRI High precision Packaging Improved performance Digital X-ray High precision Packaging Power
Example: Bringing ultrasound to the Point-of-Care Mt. Everest Military Images courtesy of Sonosite Tsunami
Signal chain analysis GND + HV 1 + HV 2 +90V +45V +/-0V -45V -90V +5V 20dB CW <35dB P 0 _ A N 0 _ A GND P 1 _ A N 1 _ A - HV 1 P 2 _ A N 2 _ A - HV 2 Pulse MUX 1.5KW -5V 1.5KW VCA LNA VCA 2-3 pole filter ADC 12bit 40MSPS 10uV-1V (100 db) 0.85nV/rtHz Trade off in ADC bits, power, VCA range and sampling speed Known time characteristics 11
Evolving: Ultrasound Miniaturization Greater integration and new architectures 40% smaller 50% less power 2x performance
Example: Connected health opportunities WAN 2.4GHz ISM band (Zigbee/802.15.4/BT/BLE) Passive non-battery Operated RF/RFID WLAN (802.11a/b/g/n) GSM/GPRS Clinical Patient Monitoring Health & Chronic Disease Management LAN Bluetooth / Bluetooth Low-Energy (BLE) HAN ANT/ANT+ Zigbee/ 802.15.4 Vital Signs Monitoring BAN sub-1ghz ISM band (433 MHz/868 MHz/ 915 MHz) Blood pressure monitor Smart bandage Weight scale
Example: Taking health care into the home Sports and fitness Chronic disease management Aging independently Heart-rate monitor Watch/shoe combination for monitoring miles and calories Remote temperature sensor Glucose meter and insulin pump Remote body monitoring Fall detection Implantable pacemaker Home defibrillator Wireless weight scale
Developing Personal Health Digital thermometer Body composition Home pulse-ox Data Aggregator : Smart Tablet Heart Rate Monitor
Portable evolution requires lower power and more features Very low power Ultra low power Intelligent watches Hands free car kit Musical instruments Multi parameter medical SDR Audio recorder ebook Portable monitoring Smoke detectors Exercise Monitoring Touchscreen Plugged in to minutes/hours Barcode Scanners Days Digital Stethoscope Weeks Battery charge / Battery life Months 16
Example: Electronics inside the human body Retinal implant Deep brain stimulation Implantable devices Cochlear implant Neurostimulator Gastric pacemaker
What s Different about Medical Implantable Applications? Networking Consumer Implantable units Node 65nm 40nm 130nm Gates 41,000 15,000 300 K Memory 32 9 8 Mb Area 251 40 24 mm 2 Freq 900 400 1 MHz Dynamic Power Leakage Temp 65 2.6.000002 (2uW) 10 0.4 0.0000002 (200nW) 125 85 37 C W W 18 or 40, if you have a fever
Energy Harvesting Future Trends Energy Source Source Characteristic Conversion Efficiency Harvested Power Light Indoor 0.1 mw/cm2 10uW/cm2 10... 24% Outdoor 100 mw/cm2 10mW/cm2 Vibration Human Machine 0.5m @ 1Hz 1 m/s2 @50 Hz 1m @5 Hz 10m/s2 @1kHz Source dependant 4uW/cm2 100uW/cm2 Thermal Human 20 mw/cm2 0.1% 25uW/cm2 Machine 100 mw/cm2 3% 1-10mW/cm2 900MHz 0.3uW/cm2 RF (GSM) 50% 1800MHz 0.1 uw/cm2 0.1uW/cm2 19
Energy Scavenging : Si challenges Care-abouts: Energy interfaces with high efficiency end-to-end conversion for various energy sources Optimizing the interface to the source and efficient control is critical 20
Summary Strong macro-economic trends are driving the healthcare market Medical electronics can help make healthcare more flexible, affordable and accessible Semiconductor innovation makes medical electronics smaller, power efficient, connected and feature-rich
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