56K Voice Internal PCI

56K Voice Internal PCI User s Guide & Reference 2.024.429

This manual covers installation and operating instructions for the following modems: 3Com U.S. Robotics 56K* Voice Internal PCI 3Com, the 3Com logo, and U.S. Robotics are registered trademarks and x2 is a trademark of 3Com Corporation. Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corp. Other product and brand names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. Copyright 1998 3Com Corporation 3800 West Golf Road Rolling Meadows, IL 60008 All Rights Reserved. *IMPORTANT! In accordance with the ITU standard for 56K transmissions (V.90), this modem is capable of 56 Kbps downloads. However, due to varying line conditions, the actual speeds you experience may be lower. Uploads from users to server equipment travel at speeds up to 31.2 Kbps. An analogue phone line compatible with the V.90 standard and an Internet provider or corporate host site compatible with the V.90 standard are necessary for these high-speed downloads. See http://www.3com.com/56k for details.

TABLE OF CONTENTS Welcome to 56K*Information Access 1 Product Features 2 Voice Product Features 3 Hardware Installation (Read Me First) 5 Installing the Modem with Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows NT 4.0 6 Plug and Play (PNP) Installation 6 How to Insert the Modem into the Computer 8 Installing Modem Drivers with Windows 95 13 Installing Modem Drivers with Windows 98 15 Installing Modem Drivers with Windows NT 4.0 without PNP Enabled 19 Installing Modem Drivers with Windows NT 4.0 with PNP Enabled 20

TABLE OF CONTENTS Uninstalling the Modem with Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows NT 4.0 22 Troubleshooting 23 Glossary 34 Technical Reference 48 Typing Commands 48 Basic Data Commands 49 Extended Data Commands 57 S-Registers 66 Fax Commands 79 Screen Messages 81

Regulatory Information 82 Manufacturer's Declaration of Conformity 82 Caution to the User 83 UL Listing/CUL Listing 83 Connecting to the Telephone Company 83 Fax Branding 84 Radio and Television Interference 84 Special Notes Australian Users 86

WELCOME TO 56K* INFORMATION ACCESS The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) determines the technical protocols that communications devices must use to operate with each other. Modems that comply with ITU standards can talk to other standardscompliant modems and fax machines worldwide. The ITU has decided on a worldwide standard for 56K modem technology. With a 3Com U.S. Robotics modem, you can get 56K Internet access from any service provider who offers the ITU V.90 standard or 3Com 56K technology. 3Com is working with providers everywhere to quickly upgrade their service to the ITU V.90 standard. * IMPORTANT! In accordance with the ITU standard for 56K transmissions (V.90), this modem is capable of 56 Kbps downloads. However, due to varying line conditions, the actual speeds you experience may be lower. Uploads from users to server equipment travel at speeds up to 31.2 Kbps. An analogue phone line compatible with the V.90 standard and an Internet provider or corporate host site compatible with the V.90 standard are necessary for these high-speed downloads. See http://www.3com.com/56k for details. 1

Modulation Schemes ITU-T V.90 3Com 56K x2 technology ITU-T V.34 (Inc 33,600) ITU-T V.32bis ITU-T V.32 ITU-T V.22bis ITU-T V.22 ITU-T V 23 ITU-T V.21 Error Control and Data Compression Schemes ITU-T V.42 ITU-T V.42bis MNP 2-5 PRODUCT FEATURES Fax Modulation Schemes ITU-T V.17 ITU-T V.29 ITU-T V.27ter ITU-T V.21 Fax Standards EIA 578 Class 1 FAX EIA 592 Class 2.0 FAX V.90 Front Channel Link Rates 28000, 29333, 30666, 32000, 33333, 34666, 36000, 37333, 38666, 40000, 41333, 42666, 44000, 45333, 46666, 48000, 49333, 50666, 52000, 53333, 54666, 56000, 57333 V.90 Back Channel Link Rates 4800, 7200, 9600, 12000, 14400, 16800, 19200, 21600, 24000, 26400, 28800, 31200 V.34 Link Rates 4800, 7200, 9600, 12000, 14400, 16800, 19200, 21600, 24000, 26400, 28800, 31200, 33600 V.32bis Link Rates 4800, 7200, 9600, 12000, 14400 Additional Link Rates 300, 1200/75 (V.23), 1200, 2400 Fax Link Rates 2400, 4800, 7200, 9600, 12000, 14400 2

If your new modem has voice capabilities, the following information will apply: Speakerphone With the addition of a microphone, a set of external, powered speakers, and the appropriate software (each purchased separately), your new voice modem provides all the convenience of a full-duplex speakerphone. Unlike many half-duplex speakerphones, your modem allows you to converse normally without annoying echoes and distortion. Simply plug the speakers into the socket on the modem identified with the and the microphone into the socket VOICE PRODUCT FEATURES Personal Voice Mail Personal Voice Mail turns your modem into a full-featured messaging system. Enjoy the convenience of professional voice mail in your home or office. with the icon and you are ready to go. 3

VOICE PRODUCT FEATURES With Personal Voice Mail and the appropriate software, you can record custom greetings, receive messages, and set up multiple voice mailboxes. You can even access your voice messages remotely. Your modem will automatically detect incoming fax/data/voice calls and route them appropriately. 4

HARDWARE INSTALLATION (READ ME FIRST) Australian Safety Instructions The modem card must only be used in data terminal equipment (DTE), e.g. computer, that has a screw down cover/lid. As unsafe voltages (TNV) exist on the modem card, disconnect the modem card from the telephone line while the cover (lid) of the DTE (computer) is removed. Installation of the modem card in a DTE (computer) which does not require a tool to open the cover (lid), will render the product approval permit void. During installation of the modem card, care must be taken. There should be at least 2mm of air gap between the modem card and other components within the DTE (computer) in which the modem card is installed. Please attach the label provided with the modem card to your DTE (computer). The label reads: Disconnect the telephone line before opening the cover (lid) of the DTE (computer). Do not connect the customer equipment (modem) to the telephone line, while the cover (lid) of the DTE (computer) is open. 5

INSTALLING THE MODEM WITH WINDOWS 95, WINDOWS 98, AND WINDOWS NT 4.0 Plug and Play (PNP) Installation Simply plug your new modem into your computer, power up, and be ready to work. The operating system recognizes and configures the modem for you. The modem must be installed before any software is loaded. Your 3Com U.S. Robotics modem is a Plug and Play device. However, Plug and Play will not work if you do not have resources available or if devices on your system are not reporting resource usage correctly. Your modem requires one COM port and one IRQ setting. 6

INSTALLING THE MODEM WITH WINDOWS 95, WINDOWS 98, AND WINDOWS NT 4.0 How to Insert the Modem into the Computer Before you unplug anything, label the cords or make a sketch of how things are connected. This can be helpful when you want to plug things back in later. Before installing your modem, write its serial number in the space provided on the first page of this manual. You will find the serial number underneath the bar code on the white label on the modem. Serial Number To avoid being shocked, make sure your computer and all peripheral devices are turned off and unplugged. 7

INSTALLING THE MODEM WITH WINDOWS 95, WINDOWS 98, AND WINDOWS NT 4.0 1. Turn off your computer and unplug it from the electrical outlet. 2. Unplug any peripheral devices (printer, monitor, keyboard, mouse, etc.) from the computer. 3. Remove the cover of the computer.refer to your computer manufacturer s manual, if you need instructions. 4. Your modem is designed as a PCI card. Hold the modem so that the gold connectors are pointing at the floor and the speaker and other components (speaker, processor, etc.) are facing you. If the silver bracket is on the left, you have a PCI card. 8

INSTALLING THE MODEM WITH WINDOWS 95, WINDOWS 98, AND WINDOWS NT 4.0 5. Find an empty PCI expansion slot that is at least as long as the gold edge of your modem. (PCI slots are white and usually shorter than ISA slots.) Unscrew and remove the expansion slot cover. It is the long narrow piece of metal that keeps dust from entering through the opening perpendicular to the slot. 6. Holding the modem at each corner, align the gold edge with the empty expansion slot. Push down gently until the modem snaps into the slot. You need to apply a little pressure to seat the modem properly. Sometimes a gentle back and forth motion helps fit the modem all the way into the slot. If you feel resistance, the modem may not be properly lined up with the slot. Do not force it. Take the modem all the way out and try again. 7. Once the modem is inserted, fasten it firmly into place using the screw that you removed in step 4. 8. Replace the cover of the computer. 9. If you currently have a phone plugged into the wall socket you plan to use for 9

INSTALLING THE MODEM WITH WINDOWS 95, WINDOWS 98, AND WINDOWS NT 4.0 the modem, disconnect the telephone cord from the socket. The phone socket you use must be for an ANALOGUE phone line, the line most commonly found in homes. Most phones in office buildings are wired through digital lines. Be sure you know what type of line you have. The modem will be damaged if you use a digital phone line. 10. Plug one end of the phone cord included with the modem into the modem socket labelled 11. Plug the other end of the phone cord into the wall socket. Note: If you want to use a telephone on the same line as the modem when the modem is not in use, plug the telephone and modem cable into the telephone adapter supplied with the modem. 10

INSTALLING THE MODEM WITH WINDOWS 95, WINDOWS 98, AND WINDOWS NT 4.0 The adapter has a plug on one end and two sockets on the other end. You cannot use the modem and a phone at the same time if they share the same telephone line. 12. As your modem is a voice modem, it came with a microphone. Plug the microphone into the socket labelled. You should also attach a set of powered speakers (not included) to the socket labelled. 13. Plug the power cords, cables, and peripherals back into the computer and turn on the computer. 14. Start Windows. 15. Next you will need to install the modem s drivers. Windows 95 - page 13 Windows 98 - page 15 Windows NT - page 18 11

INSTALLING THE MODEM WITH WINDOWS 95, WINDOWS 98, AND WINDOWS NT 4.0 Installing Modem Drivers with Windows 95 1. When you see this screen, if you have a CD-ROM that contains your modem s drivers, insert the CD-ROM into your CD-ROM drive. if you have a disk that contains your modem s drivers, insert the disk into your disk drive. Click Next. If this screen does not appear, refer to Plug and Play Does Not Detect Your Modem on page 32. 2. Click Finish. Windows will copy the files to your hard drive. 3. After Windows has finished copying files, the installation wizard will search for Wave Device for Voice Modem. Click on Finish to continue and please repeat process from Step 2 above. 12

INSTALLING THE MODEM WITH WINDOWS 95, WINDOWS 98, AND WINDOWS NT 4.0 4. When Windows finishes copying your files, verify that the modem installation was a success. 5. Click the Windows Start button and point to Settings. Then click Control Panel. 6. Double-click the Modem icon. 7. In the Modems Properties screen, you should see a description of your modem. This means the installation was a success. Click OK. If you do not see your modem listed, the installation was unsuccessful. Refer to Plug and Play Does Not Detect Your Modem on page 32. 7. Next, click the Diagnostics tab at the top of the Modems Properties screen. Write down the COM setting for your modem in the following space. You may need to know this setting when you install your communications software. COM Port 8. Click More Info. The modem s status screens should appear in the box. Click OK. If you do not see your modem s status screens when you click More Info, the installation was unsuccessful. Refer to Plug and Play Does Not Detect Your Modem on page 32. You are ready to install communications software. Refer to the manual of the communications software for instructions on installation. After you install your communications software, you are ready to use the modem. 13

INSTALLING THE MODEM WITH WINDOWS 95, WINDOWS 98, AND WINDOWS NT 4.0 Installing Modem Drivers with Windows 98 1. When you see this screen, Windows has detected the modem. Click Next. 2. Make sure the Search for the best driver for your device option is checked. Then click Next. If this screen does not appear, go to Plug and Play Does Not Detect Your Modem on page 32. 3. When you see the following screen: if you have a CD-ROM that contains your modem s drivers, check CD-ROM drives option and insert the CD-ROM into your CD-ROM drive. 14

INSTALLING THE MODEM WITH WINDOWS 95, WINDOWS 98, AND WINDOWS NT 4.0 if you have a disk that contains your modem s drivers, check the Floppy disk drives option and insert the disk into your disk drive. 4. The next screen tells you that Windows has found the driver for your modem. Click Next. After Windows has finished copying files, the installation wizard will look for the Wave Device for Voice Modem. Click on Next to continue and please repeat process from Step 2. 15

INSTALLING THE MODEM WITH WINDOWS 95, WINDOWS 98, AND WINDOWS NT 4.0 5. Click Finish. 8. In the Modems Properties screen, you should see a description of your modem. This means the installation was a success. Click OK. If you do not see your modem listed, the installation was unsuccessful. Refer to Plug and Play Does Not Detect Your Modem on page 32. 6. When Windows is finished copying files, you should verify that the modem installation was a success. Click the Windows Start button and point to Settings. Then click Control Panel. 7. Double-click the Modems icon. 9. Next, click the Diagnostics tab at the top of the Modems Properties screen. Write down the COM setting for your modem in the following space. You may need to know this setting when you install your communications software. COM Port 16

INSTALLING THE MODEM WITH WINDOWS 95, WINDOWS 98, AND WINDOWS NT 4.0 You are ready to install communications software. Refer to the manual of the communications software for instructions on installation. After you install your communications software, you are ready to use the modem. Installing Modem Drivers with Windows NT 4.0 without PNP Enabled 1. After installing the modem, turn on your Windows NT workstation. 2. Insert the installation disk into the disk drive, or CD-ROM into the CD-ROM drive. 3. Click Start and select Run. 4. Type A:\Setup (if using a diskette) or D:\Setup (if using a CD-ROM) and click OK. 5. When the Setup program starts, click Install. 6. The resource page contains the configuration information of your modem in Windows NT. COM port, I/O address, 17

INSTALLING THE MODEM WITH WINDOWS 95, WINDOWS 98, AND WINDOWS NT 4.0 and Interrupt Request Line are the three resources that may require adjustment. The Setup program should have detected available resources and entered them. If you want to use other settings, change them now. 7. When this is complete, click OK. 8. Please select the relevant country followed by OK. 9. Remove the installation disk or CD- ROM from the appropriate drive and click Yes to restart the computer. You are ready to install communications software. Refer to the manual of the communications software for instructions on installation. After you install your communications software, you are ready to use the modem. If you need to uninstall the modem, rerun the setup.exe program from the installation disk. 18

INSTALLING THE MODEM WITH WINDOWS 95, WINDOWS 98, AND WINDOWS NT 4.0 Installing Modem Drivers with Windows NT 4.0 with PNP Enabled 1. After installing the modem, turn on your Windows NT workstation. 2. After the Windows NT login, Windows NT will auto-detect your modem hardware and the New Hardware Found screen appears. 3. Select Driver from disk provided by hardware manufacturer and click OK. 4. Insert the installation disk or CD-ROM into the appropriate drive. Select. A:\ for disk drive or D:\ for CD-ROM drive. 6. Click on your modem and then click OK. 7. A screen will indicate that the files are being copied. 8. When the modem window comes up, you know that the files are copied. Go to the Resource page. 9. The resource page contains the configuration information of your modem in Windows NT. COM port, I/O address, and Interrupt Request Line are the three resources that may require adjustment. The Setup program should have detected available resources and entered them. If you want to use other settings, change them now. 5. Click OK. In the Select Device window your modem s model name should appear. 19

INSTALLING THE MODEM WITH WINDOWS 95, WINDOWS 98, AND WINDOWS NT 4.0 10. When this is complete, click OK. 11. Please select your relevant country followed by OK. 12. Windows NT will indicate that there has been a System Settings change and that you must restart your computer. 13. Remove the installation disk or CD- ROM from the appropriate drive and click Yes to restart the computer. You are ready to install communications software. Refer to the manual of the communications software for instructions on installation. After you install your communications software, you are ready to use the modem. If you need to uninstall the modem, rerun the setup.exe program from the installation disk. 20

UNINSTALLING THE MODEM WITH WINDOWS 95, WINDOWS 98 AND WINDOWS NT 4.0 The process for removing your modem from your computer differs whether your operating system is Windows 95x or Windows NT. Windows 95 and Windows 98 1. Click Windows Start, point to Settings and click Control Panel. 2. Double-click the System icon and click the Device Manager tab. Double click Modem followed by the 56K Voice Internal PCI. 3. Click on the Port Settings tab. and click on Uninstall. 4. Click OK to remove the device and click on OK again to complete the operation. 5. Shut down your system. Click Start. Click Shut Down. Click Yes. 21

UNINSTALLING THE MODEM WITH WINDOWS 95, WINDOWS 98 AND WINDOWS NT 4.0 6. When your computer is shut down, turn it off. 7. Unplug the computer s power cord from the computer. 8. Remove the computer s cover. 9. Remove the modem from its expansion slot. 10. Plug your computer s power cord back into the computer. Windows NT 4.0 1. Click Windows Start, point to Settings and click Control Panel. 2. Double-click the Winmodem icon. 3. Click the Uninstall button to remove the modem. 4. Click Yes to uninstall the modem. 5. Click Yes to restart the computer now. 6. When your computer is shut down, turn it off. 7. Unplug the computer s power cord from the computer. 8. Remove the computer s cover. 9. Remove the modem from its expansion slot. 10. Plug your computer s power cord back into the computer. 22

Read This First! TROUBLESHOOTING 1. Click Windows Start, point to Settings, and click Control Panel. 2. Double-click the Modems icon. 3. Click the Diagnostics tab. 4. Click on the COM port that your modem is assigned to, so that it is highlighted. If you do not see your modem on this screen, you need to shut down the computer and uninstall the modem. Reinstall your modem following the directions in the Installing the modem with Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows NT 4.0 chapter. 5. Click More Info. You should see a list of the modem s ATI commands. Click OK and exit out of all open screens. If the ATI commands do not appear, your modem is not properly installed. Reinstall your modem following the directions in the Installing the modem with Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows NT 4.0 chapter. 23

TROUBLESHOOTING PROBLEM The computer or software will not recognize the modem. POSSIBLE SOLUTION You may have a COM port/irq conflict. 1. Right-click the My Computer icon on your desktop. 2. Click Properties. 3. Click the Device Manager tab. If you see a yellow exclamation point over your modem, you have a resource conflict, and it is probably an IRQ conflict. Continue with step 4. If you did not see a yellow exclamation point, you may still have an IRQ conflict. Continue with the next Possible Solution. If these possible solutions do not solve your problem, continue with step 4. 4. Click the modem s name to select it. 5. Click Remove. 6. You will be asked if you are sure you wish to remove the device. Click OK. 24

TROUBLESHOOTING 7. When the Confirm Device Removal screen disappears, shut down Windows and turn off your computer. 8. Unplug the computer from its electrical outlet. 9. Remove the cover of the computer, physically remove the modem from its expansion slot, and replace the cover. 10. Plug the computer back into the electrical outlet, and turn it on. 11. When Windows restarts, once again right-click My Computer on your desktop and click Properties. Click the Device Manager tab. Double-click Computer. Make sure the Interrupt request (IRQ) radio button is checked. You can determine which IRQ settings are free on your system by looking for numbers that are not listed in the Setting column. 12. After you have made these changes, reinstall your modem following the directions in the Installing the modem with Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows NT chapter. Once your modem is properly installed, make sure you have the correct COM port and IRQ settings in your software and/or in the Windows Device Manager. 25

TROUBLESHOOTING POSSIBLE SOLUTION You may not be entering modem commands in the proper manner. Type in all upper case (AT) or all lower case (at). POSSIBLE SOLUTION You may not be using fully Windows-based communications software. The modem requires fully Windows based software. Some Windows-based communications and Internet software use a DOS-based dialer. Check with the software company. PROBLEM The modem will not go off hook to dial or does not answer the phone. POSSIBLE SOLUTION You may have plugged your modem s phone cord into a digital line. Plugging your modem s phone cord into a digital phone line can damage the modem. Call your phone company if you are unsure whether or not your phone line is digital. POSSIBLE SOLUTION You might have a bad phone cord connection to your modem. The phone cord should be plugged into the socket labelled on the modem and the wall phone socket. The phone cord should be no longer than 12 feet in length. Use the phone cord included with your modem if possible. 26

TROUBLESHOOTING POSSIBLE SOLUTION You may have devices between the modem and the phone socket. There should be no line splitters, fax machines, or other devices between the modem and the wall socket. POSSIBLE SOLUTION You may have a poor line connection. Place the call again. Calls are routed differently each time. 27

TROUBLESHOOTING POSSIBLE SOLUTION If you have voice mail, your dial tone may be altered because messages are waiting. Retrieve your voice mail messages to restore your normal dial tone. POSSIBLE SOLUTION Your software may not have auto answer enabled. Enable the auto answer feature. In your communication software s terminal mode, type ATS0=1 and press ENTER. You need to enable auto answer before every session unless you alter your software s initialization string to permanently enable auto answer. PROBLEM Both modems sound like they are exchanging carrier signals, but fail to establish a connection. POSSIBLE SOLUTION You may have a poor line connection. Place the call again. Calls are routed differently each time. 28

TROUBLESHOOTING PROBLEM Your 56K modem cannot achieve a 56K Internet connection. POSSIBLE SOLUTION This modem is capable of 56 Kbps downloads. However, due to varying line conditions, the actual speeds you experience may be lower. Uploads from users to server equipment travel at speeds up to 31.2 Kbps. An analogue phone line compatible with the V.90 standard and an Internet provider or corporate host site compatible with the V.90 standard are necessary for these high-speed downloads. POSSIBLE SOLUTION The phone lines in your area may not be 56K compatible. Call your phone company to find out if your phone line is compatible with the ITU standard for 56K and/or is compatible with 3Com 56K technology. POSSIBLE SOLUTION You may have devices between the modem and the phone socket. There should be no line splitters, fax machines, or other devices between the modem and the wall socket. 29

TROUBLESHOOTING PROBLEM Errors are constantly occurring in your V.17 fax transmissions. POSSIBLE SOLUTION Your modem initialisation string may be insufficient for fax transmissions. In terminal mode, type the following initialisation string: AT&H3&I2&R2S7=90S36=0 then press ENTER. The standard string for faxing is AT&F1S36=0. POSSIBLE SOLUTION There may be a Terminate and Stay Resident (TSR) program (such as a screen saver or virus scanner) running in the background, disrupting data communications. Disable any Terminate and Stay Resident (TSR) programs running in the background. If you have software running as a TSR, check the software s manual for information about disabling its ability to operate as a TSR. POSSIBLE SOLUTION Your baud rate may be set too high. In your communications software, lower the baud rate to 19200, 9600, 7200, or 4800. 30

TROUBLESHOOTING POSSIBLE SOLUTION You may be trying to fax a compressed file. Decompress the file using the application with which it was compressed. Then open it in the application with which it was created. Select your fax software as the printer and then print the file. PROBLEM Your communications software fails to initialize the modem. POSSIBLE SOLUTION Your software s port settings may be incorrect. Make sure the software s port settings match those for your modem. 31

TROUBLESHOOTING PROBLEM Plug and Play (PNP) does not detect your modem. You have installed the modem and Windows has restarted, but you see only your normal desktop. You do not see any screens indicating new hardware has been detected. POSSIBLE SOLUTION The Plug and Play installation was not successful. Try the following: 1. Click Start and click Shut Down. 2. When asked if you wish to shut down your computer, click Yes. 3. When Windows indicates that it is safe to turn off your computer, turn it off. 4. Wait 15 seconds before turning the computer back on. 5. Windows may detect your modem upon this restart, even if it did not detect the modem during the initial installation. If you see screens indicating that new hardware has been detected by Windows, follow the on-screen instructions to install the modem. If you do not see the new hardware screens, continue with step 6. 6. Click Windows Start 32

TROUBLESHOOTING 7. Point to Settings 8. Click Control Panel. 9. Double-click the System icon. 10. Click the Device Manager tab on the System Properties screen. 11. Look for Other Devices or Unknown Devices in the list that appears. If you do not see either of these options in the list, contact your computer manufacturer for technical assistance. If you do see one of these options, double-click the option and continue with step 12. 12. If the description that appears matches the modem you are trying to install, click Remove. If it does not, contact your computer manufacturer for technical assistance. 13. Click OK when Windows asks if you wish to remove the device. 14. Restart the computer and continue with the on-screen instructions. If the computer does not detect the modem after this second restart, contact your computer manufacturer for technical assistance. 33

GLOSSARY Cross references are printed in boldface. Cross references with items in the Data Commands found in the Technical Reference section are printed in italics. analogue loopback A modem self-test in which data from the keyboard or an internal test pattern is sent to the modem's transmitter, turned into analogue form, looped back to the receiver, and converted back into digital form. analogue signals A variety of signals and wavelengths that can be transmitted over communications lines such as the sound of a voice over the phone line. These signals are in contrast with digital signals. answer mode The mode used by your modem when answering an incoming call from an originating modem. The transmit/receive frequencies are the reverse of the originating modem, which is in originate mode. application A computer program designed to perform a specific function, such as a word processing or organizing data into a spreadsheet. ARQ Automatic Repeat request is a general term for a function that automatically allows your modem to detect flawed data and retransmit it. See MNP and V.42. 34

GLOSSARY ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange is a code used to represent letters, numbers, and special characters, such as $,!, and /. asynchronous transmission Data transmission in which the length of time between transmitted characters may vary. Since the time lapses between transmitted characters are not uniform, the receiving modem must be signaled as to when the data bits of a character begin and then they end. The addition of start/stop bits to each character serves this purpose. auto-answer In this setting the modem can pick up the phone line when it detects a certain number of rings. See S-register S0 in the Technical Reference section. auto-dial A process where your modem dials a call for you. The dialing process is initiated by sending an ATDT (dial tone) or ATDP (dial pulse) command followed by the telephone number to dial. Auto dial is used to dial voice numbers. See command Dn. baud rate A term used to measure the speed of an analogue transmission from one point to another. Although not technically accurate, baud rate is commonly used to mean bit rate. 35

GLOSSARY binary digit A 0 or 1, which reflects the use of the binary numbering system. It is used because the computer recognizes either of two states, OFF or ON. The shortened form of binary digit is bit. bit rate This refers to the number of binary digits, or bits, transmitted per second (bps). It is also referred to as transmission rate. Communications channels using telephone channel modems are established at set bit rates, commonly 2400, 4800, 9600, 14,400, 28,800 and higher. bits per second (bps) This is the bits (binary digits) per second rate. Thousands of bits per second are expressed as kilobits per second or kbps. buffer A memory area set aside to be used as temporary storage during input and output operations. An example is the modem's command buffer. byte A group of binary digits stored and operated upon as a unit. In user documentation, the term usually refers to 8- bit units or characters. One kilobyte (KB) is equal to 1,024 bytes or characters; 640 KB indicates 655,360 bytes or characters. carrier A tone signifying a connection the modem can alter to communicate data across telephone lines. 36

GLOSSARY character A representation, coded in binary digits, of a letter, number, or other symbol.characters per second (CPS) A data transfer rate generally estimated from the bit rate and the character length. For example, at 2400 bps, 8-bit characters with start/stop bits (for a total of ten bits per character) will be transmitted at a rate of approximately 240 characters per second (cps). Some protocols, such as errorcontrol protocols, employ advanced techniques such as longer transmission frames and data compression to increase cps. cyclic redundancy checking (CRC) An error-detection technique consisting of a test performed on each block, or frame, of data by both sending and receiving modems. The sending modem inserts the results of its tests in each data block in the form of a CRC code. The receiving modem compares its results with the received CRC code and responds with either a positive or negative acknowledgment. data communications A type of communications in which computers are able to exchange data over an electronic medium. class 1 and 2.0 International standards used between fax application programs and faxmodems for sending and receiving faxes. 37

GLOSSARY data compression table A table containing values assigned for each character during a call under MNP5 data compression. Default values in the table are continually altered and built during each call: The longer the table, the more efficient throughput gained. data mode The mode in which the faxmodem is capable of sending and receiving data files. A standard modem without fax capabilities is always in data mode. DCE Data Communications (or Circuit- Terminating) Equipment is equipment such as dial-up modems that establish and control the data link via the telephone network. default Any setting assumed, at startup or reset, by the computer's software and attached devices. The computer or software will use these settings until changed by the user or other software. detect phase In the ITU-T V.42 error-control protocol, the first stage in establishing if both modems attempting to connect have V.42 capability. dictionary The term used for compression codes built by the V.42bis data compression algorithm. 38

GLOSSARY digital loopback A test that checks the modem's RS-232 interface and the cable that connects the terminal (computer) and the modem. The modem receives data (in the form of digital signals) from the computer or terminal, and immediately returns the data to the screen for verification. digital signals Signals that are discrete and uniform. In this manual, the term refers to the binary digits 0 and 1. These signals are in contrast with analogue signals. DTE Data Terminal (or Terminating) Equipment is a computer that generates or is the final destination of data. duplex Duplex indicates a communications channel capable of carrying signals in both directions. See half duplex, full duplex. Electronic Industries Association (EIA) This association is a group which defines electronic standards in the U.S. error control A variety of techniques that check the reliability of characters (parity) or blocks of data. V.42 and MNP error-control protocols use error detection (CRC) and retransmission of flawed frames (ARQ). facsimile A method for transmitting the image on a page from one point to another. This is commonly referred to as fax. 39

GLOSSARY fax mode The mode in which the faxmodem is capable of sending and receiving files in a facsimile format. See definitions for V.17, V.27ter, V.29. flow control A mechanism that compensates for differences in the flow of data into and out of a modem or other device. See commands &Hn, &In, &Rn. frame A data communications term for a block of data with header and trailer information attached. The added information usually includes a frame number, block size data, error-check codes, and Start/End indicators. full duplex These signals will flow in both directions at the same time over one line. In microcomputer communications, may refer to the suppression of the online local echo. half duplex These signals will flow in both directions, but only one way at a time. In microcomputer communications, may refer to activation of the online local echo, which causes the modem to send a copy of the transmitted data to the screen of the sending computer. Hz Hertz is a frequency measurement unit used internationally to indicate cycles per second. 40

GLOSSARY ITU-T An international organization that defines standards for telegraphic and telephone equipment. For example, the Bell 212A standard for 1200 bps communication in North America is observed internationally as ITU-T V.22. For 2400 bps communication, most U.S. manufacturers observe V.22bis. LAPM Link Access Procedure for Modems is an error-control protocol defined in ITU-T Recommendation V.42. Like the MNP protocols, LAPM uses cyclic redundancy checking (CRC) and retransmission of corrupted data (ARQ) to ensure data reliability. local echo A modem feature that enables the modem to display keyboard commands and transmitted data on the screen. See command En. MNP Microcom Networking Protocol is an errorcontrol protocol developed by Microcom, Inc., and now in the public domain. There are several different MNP protocols, but the most commonly used one ensures error-free transmission through error detection (CRC) and retransmission of erred frames. 41

GLOSSARY modem A device that transmits/receives computer data through a communications channel such as radio or telephone lines. It also changes signals received from the phone line back to digital signals before passing them to the receiving computer. nonvolatile memory (NVRAM) A user-programmable random access memory which retains data when power is turned off. On some modems, it includes four stored phone numbers and the modem settings. online fall back/fall forward A feature that allows a high-speed, errorcontrol modem to monitor line quality and fall back to the next lower speed in a defined range if line quality diminishes. As line conditions improve, the modem switches up to the next higher speed. originate mode The mode used by your modem when initiating an outgoing call to a destination modem. The transmit/receive frequencies are the reverse of the called modem, which is in answer mode. off/on hook Modem operations that are the equivalent of manually lifting a phone receiver (taking it off-hook) and replacing it (going on-hook). 42

GLOSSARY parity A simple error-detection method that checks the validity of a transmitted character. Character checking has been surpassed by more reliable and efficient forms of error checking, including V.42 and MNP 2-4 protocols. Either the same type of parity must be used by two communicating computers, or both may omit parity. protocol A system of rules and procedures governing communications between two or more devices. Protocols vary, but communicating devices must follow the same protocol in order to exchange data. The format of the data, readiness to receive or send, error detection and error correction are some of e operations that may be defined in protocols. RAM Random Access Memory is memory that is available for use when the modem is turned on, but that clears of all information when the power is turned off. The modem's RAM holds the current operational settings, a flow control buffer, and a command buffer. remote digital loopback A test that checks the phone link and a remote modem's transmitter and receiver. remote echo A copy of the data received by the remote system, returned to the sending system, and displayed on the screen. Remote echoing is a function of the remote system. 43

GLOSSARY ROM Read Only Memory is permanent memory, which is not user-programmable. serial transmission The consecutive flow of data in a single channel. Compare it to parallel transmissions where data flows simultaneously in multiple channels. start/stop bits These signalling bits are attached to a character before and after the character is transmitted during asynchronous transmission. terminal A device whose keyboard and display are used for sending and receiving data over a communications link. This device differs from a microcomputer or a mainframe in that it has little or no internal processing capabilities. terminal mode Software mode that allows direct communication with the modem. This mode is also known as command mode. throughput The amount of actual user data transmitted per second without the overhead of protocol information such as start/stop bits or frame headers and trailers. Compare it with characters per second. 44

GLOSSARY V.8 The ITU-T standard specification that covers the initial handshaking process. V.17 fax An ITU-T standard for making facsimile connections at 14,400 bps, 12,000 bps, 9600 bps, and 7200 bps. V.21 An ITU-T standard for modems operating in asynchronous mode at speeds up to 300 bps, full-duplex, on public switched telephone networks. V.22 An ITU-T standard for modem communications at 1200 bps, compatible with the Bell 212A standard observed in the U.S. and Canada. V.22bis An ITU-T standard for modem communications at 2400 bps. The standard includes an automatic link negotiation fallback to 1200 bps and compatibility with Bell 212A/V.22 modems. V.23 An ITU-T standard for modem communication at 1200 bps with a 75 bps back channel. V.27ter An ITU-T standard for facsimile operations that specifies modulation at 4800 bps, with fallback to 2400 bps. 45

GLOSSARY V.29 An ITU-T standard for facsimile operations that specifies modulation at 9600 bps, with fallback to 7200 bps. V.32 An ITU-T standard for modem communications at 9600 bps and 4800 bps. V.32 modems fall back to 4800 bps when line quality is impaired. V.32bis An ITU-T standard that extends the V.32 connection range: 4800, 7200, 9600, 12,000, and 14,400 bps. V.32bis modems fall back to the next lower speed when line quality is impaired, fall back further as necessary, and also fall forward (switch back up) when line conditions improve. See online fall back/fall forward. V.34 An ITU-T standard that currently allows data rates as high as 33,600 bps. V.42 An ITU-T standard for modem communications that defines a two-stage process of detection and negotiation for LAPM error control. V.42bis An extension of ITU-T V.42 that defines a specific data compression scheme for use during V.42 connections. 46

GLOSSARY V.90 The ITU-T standard for 56 Kbps modem communications. x2 3Com US Robotics proprietary 56Kbps modem communication Xmodem The first of a family of error control software protocols used to transfer files between modems. These protocols are in the public domain and are available from many bulletin board services. XON/XOFF Standard ASCII control characters used to tell an intelligent device to stop/resume transmitting data. Ymodem An error-checking protocol that can send several files of data at a time in 1024-byte (1K) blocks. This protocol can use either checksums or CRC for error checking. Ymodem G This is similar to the Ymodem, except it relies on the modem for error checking, which makes it faster. Zmodem This is similar to Xmodem and Ymodem, except it includes batch transfer, the ability to recover from a partially complete transfer, an autostart feature, and improved efficiency. 47

Typing Commands TECHNICAL REFERENCE In terminal mode, type commands in either upper or lower case, not a combination. Use the Backspace key to delete errors. (You cannot delete the original AT command because it is stored in the modem buffer.) If a command has numeric options and you do not include a number, zero is assumed. For example, if you type ATB, the command ATB0 is assumed. Every command except A/, +++, and A> must begin with the AT prefix and be entered by pressing ENTER. The maximum command length is 58 characters. This does not include the AT prefix, carriage returns, or spaces. All defaults are based on the &F1 Hardware Flow Control template loaded in NVRAM when the modem is shipped. Defaults are listed in italics. 48

TECHNICAL REFERENCE Basic Data Commands <control key>s Stop or restart help screens. <control key>c or <control key>k Stop help screens. $ Use in conjunction with D, S, or & commands (or just AT) to display a basic command list; online help. A Manual Answer: goes off hook in answer mode. Pressing any key aborts the operations. A/ Re-executes the last issued command. Used mainly to redial. This does not require the AT prefix or a Carriage Return. A> Re-executes the last issued command continuously, until the user intervenes or the command is executed forever. Does not require the AT prefix or a Carriage Return. Any key Aborts off-hook dial/answer operation and hangs up. AT Bn Dn Required command prefix, except with A/, +++, and A>. Use alone to test for OK result code. U.S./ITU-T answer sequence B0 ITU-T answer sequence B1 U.S. answer tone Dials the specified phone number, includes the following: 0-9 Numeric digits #, * Extended touch-tone pad tones 49

TECHNICAL REFERENCE Dn (Continued) L Dials the last dialled number P Pulse (rotary) dial R Originates call using answer (reverse) frequencies Sn Dials the phone number string stored in NVRAM at position n (n = 0 3). Phone numbers are stored with the &Zn=s command T Tone dial, (Comma) Pause, see the definition of the S8 register to which it is linked ; (Semicolon) Return to Command mode after dialling W @ Waits for second dial tone (X2 or X4); linked to S6 register (At Symbol) Dials, waits for quiet answer, and continues (X3 or higher) $ (Dollar Sign) Displays a list of Dial commands 50

TECHNICAL REFERENCE En Fn Hn Sets local echo E0 Echo OFF E1 Modem displays keyboard commands Sets online local echo of transmitted data ON/OFF F0 Local echo ON; modem sends a copy of data, it sends to the remote system to your screen F1 Local echo OFF; receiving system may send a remote echo of data it receives Controls ON/OFF hook H0 Hangs up (goes on hook) H1 Goes off hook In Ln Displays the following information: I0 Four-digit product code I1 Results of ROM checksum I2 Results of RAM checksum I3 Product type I4 Current modem settings I5 Nonvolatile memory (NVRAM) settings I6 Link diagnostics I7 Product configuration I9 Plug and Play information I10 VXD Configuration Screen I11 Extended link diagnostics Controls speaker volume (available on internal modems only) L0 Lowest volume L1 Low volume 51

TECHNICAL REFERENCE Ln (Continued) L2 Medium volume L3 High volume Mn On Operates speaker M0 Speaker always OFF M1 Speaker ON until CONNECT M2 Speaker always ON M3 Speaker ON after dial, until CONNECT Returns online O0 Returns online O1 Returns online and retrains Qn Displays/suppresses result codes Q0 Displays result codes Q1 Quiet mode; no result codes Q2 Displays result codes only in Originate mode Sr.b=n Sets bit.b of register r to n (0/OFF or 1/ON) Sr=n Sr? Sets register r to n Displays contents of S-Register r S$ Displays a list of the S-Registers Vn Displays verbal/numeric result codes V0 Numeric codes V1 Verbal codes 52

TECHNICAL REFERENCE Xn Sets result code displayed, default is X4 Xn Setting Result Codes X0 X1 X2 X3 X4 0/OK 1/CONNECT 2/RING 3/NO CARRIER 4/ERROR 5/CONNECT 1200 6/NO DIAL TONE 7/BUSY 8/NO ANSWER* 9/Reserved 10/CONNECT 2400 13/CONNECT 9600 18/CONNECT 4800 20/CONNECT 7200 21/CONNECT 12000 25/CONNECT 14400 43/CONNECT 16800 85/CONNECT 19200 *Requires @ in dial string; replaces NO CARRIER 53

TECHNICAL REFERENCE Xn (Continued) Xn Setting Result Codes X0 X1 X2 X3 X4 91/CONNECT 21600 99/CONNECT 24000 103/CONNECT 26400 107/CONNECT 28800 151/CONNECT 31200 155/CONNECT 33600 256/CONNECT 28000 260/CONNECT 29333 264/CONNECT 30666 268/CONNECT 32000 180/CONNECT 33333 272/CONNECT 34666 276/CONNECT 36000 184/CONNECT 37333 280/CONNECT 38666 284/CONNECT 40000 188/CONNECT 41333 54

TECHNICAL REFERENCE Xn (Continued) Xn Setting Result Codes X0 X1 X2 X3 X4 192/CONNECT 42666 196/CONNECT 44000 200/CONNECT 45333 204/CONNECT 46666 208/CONNECT 48000 212/CONNECT 49333 216/CONNECT 50666 220/CONNECT 52000 224/CONNECT 53333 228/CONNECT 54666 232/CONNECT 56000 236/CONNECT 57333 Adaptive Dialling Wait for 2nd Dial Tone (W) Wait for Answer (@) Fast Dial 55

TECHNICAL REFERENCE Yn Selects power-on/reset default configuration Y0 Use profile 0 setting in Y1 NVRAM Default is profile 1 setting in NVRAM Y2 Use factory configuration 0 Y3 Use factory configuration 1 Y4 Use factory configuration 2 Z3 Z4 Z5 Resets modem to factory default profile 0 (&F0) Resets modem to factory default profile 1 (&F1) Resets modem to factory default profile 2 (&F2) Z Resets modem Z0 Resets modem to NVRAM profile selected by Y command Z1 Resets modem to NVRAM profile 0 Z2 Resets modem to NVRAM profile 1 56

TECHNICAL REFERENCE Extended Data Commands &$ &An &Bn Displays a list of ampersand (&) commands Enables/disables additional result code subsets, see Xn &A0 ARQ result codes disabled &A1 ARQ result codes enabled &A2 Modulation indicator added &A3 Protocol indicators added LAPM/MNP/NONE (error control) and V42bis/MNP5 (data compression) Manages modem s serial port rate &B0 Variable, follows connection rate &Cn &Dn &B1 &B2 Fixed serial port rate Fixed in ARQ mode, variable in non-arq mode Controls Carrier Detect (CD) signal &C0 CD override &C1 Normal CD operations Controls Data Terminal Ready (DTR) operations &D0 DTR override &D1 DTR toggle causes online Command mode &D2 Normal DTR operations 57

TECHNICAL REFERENCE &Fn Loads a read-only (nonprogrammable) factory configuration &F0 Generic template; no flow control &F1 Hardware flow control template &F2 Software flow control template &Hn Sets Transmit Data (TD) flow control, see also &Rn &H0 Flow control disabled &H1 Hardware flow control, Clear to Send (CTS) &H2 Software flow control, XON/XOFF &H3 Hardware and software flow control &Gn Sets Guard Tone &G0 No guard tone, U.S. and Canada &G1 550 Hz guard tone, some European countries, requires B0 setting &G2 1800 Hz guard tone, U.K., requires B0 setting &In Sets Receive Data (RD) software flow control, see also &Rn &I0 Software flow control disabled &I1 XON/XOFF signals to your modem and remote system &I2 XON/XOFF signals to your modem only 58

TECHNICAL REFERENCE &Kn Enables/disables data compression &K0 Data compression disabled &K1 Auto enable/disable &K2 &K3 Data compression enabled MNP5 compression disabled &Mn Sets Error Control (ARQ) for connections at 1200 bps and higher &M0 Normal mode, error control disabled &M1 Reserved &M2 Reserved &M3 Reserved &M4 Normal/ARQ &M5 ARQ mode &Nn Sets connect speed, if connection cannot be made at this speed, the modem will hang up. When used in conjunction with &Un and &Un is greater than 0, &Nn sets the ceiling connect speed. &Un sets the floor connect speed. (See also the table in the &Un section.) &N0 Connection speed is determined by the remote modem &N1 300 bps &N2 1200 bps &N3 2400 bps &N4 4800 bps &N5 7200 bps 59

TECHNICAL REFERENCE &Nn (Continued) &N6 9600 bps &N7 12,000 bps &N8 14,400 bps &N9 16,800 bps &N10 19,200 bps &N11 21,600 bps &N12 24,000 bps &N13 26,400 bps &N14 28,800 bps &N15 31,200 bps &N16 33,600 bps &N17 28,000 bps &N18 29,333 bps &N19 30,666 bps &N20 32,000 bps &N21 33,333 bps &N22 34,666 bps &N23 36,000 bps &N24 37,333 bps &N25 38,666 bps &N26 40,000 bps &N27 41,333 bps &N28 42,666 bps &N29 44,000 bps &N30 45,333 bps &N31 46,666 bps &N32 48,000 bps &N33 49,333 bps &N34 50,666 bps &N35 52,000 bps &N36 53,333 bps &N37 54,666 bps &N38 56,000 bps &N39 57,333 bps 60