Looking for a Smarter City? Eugene Botes RCDD/NTS Technical Manager MEPA CommScope
Agenda What is a Smart City? Key Applications for the Smart City Designing the Wired and Wireless Infrastructure Technology to Connect Smart Cities Summary
Intelligent Community Forum Key Indicators Broadband Knowledge Workforce Innovation Digital Inclusion Sustainability
Smart City Examples: Intelligent Transport Systems
Intelligent Transport Systems Objectives: Enhance road safety and security Minimise traffic congestion Provide early detection of incidents ITS Systems Components Centralised and Integrated Traffic Management Control Dynamic Message Signs System Video-based Incident Detection System Vehicle Tracking Security System (License Plate Recognition) Parking Guidance Systems
ITS Example GPS ITS Information ITS Network Fibre Optic Network Mobile Communications Network Broadcast Base Stations (antenna) ITS Information ITS Information Car2Infrastructure Car2Car In-Vehicle Processing Vehicle Tracking (Distribution) Vehicle Tracking Pedestrians Wireless and Wired Infrastructure Required to support ITS
Infrastructure for Utilities Optical Fibres deployed in all stages: Generation Transmission Management Advantages over other media Immunity to EMI Long transmission distance Security
Green Energy Technology Fibre optics often used to connect sensors, remote monitors and control equipment to Management Centre
Education Universities have multiple high bandwidth requirements: High-bandwidth, low latency connections to computing resources High-speed connections to R&D departments in Industry and Government Connectivity between Universities Internet connectivity for faculty and students Distance Learning courses
Education/ Research Network Example: GÉANT2 P Dark Fibre 10Gbps 2.5 Gbps 310 Mbps 155 Mbps 34/45 Mbps Planned Upgrade Pan-European research network infrastructure Provide a gigabit-speeds infrastructure to support European research and education Connects 34 European countries and serves over 3500 establishments Service Activities and Joint Research Activities Project Examples High Energy Particle Physics (HEP) Needs multiple 10G links for real-time data processing Supercomputing Centres e.g DEISA project (http://www.deisa.org)
Industrial/ Manufacturing, Railways and Airports Also requiring high bandwidth connectivity to the WAN
RFID Technology: Next Generation Barcodes Significant improvements in: Logistics/Supply Chain Management Security Transportation Each Tag up to 2Kb Data New Technology Silicon Ink Number of consumer packaged goods tagged (billions) 50 40 30 20 10 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
RFID Example: Orange Juice Order More Juice!! Consumer Smart Refrigerator Production Read tag and update DB Read tag and update DB Read tag and update DB Orange Juice: 100 Tb information per year RFID implementation will generate massive amounts of bandwidth which will Transportation need to be stored in and Storage accessed from many Retail locations
Planning the Network Infrastructure Network Architecture Point-to-Point Mesh Ring/ Dual Homed Rings Services Analysis Lease Dark Fibre Managed Wavelengths VPN FTTx Physical Network Design Duct Network Direct Buried Aerial Network Access In-Building OSP Cabinet
Duct Planning Main duct with sub-ducts LEASE Incremental growth Leasing Duct Space Network Flexibility and Access Street Cabinets with Fibre Shelves Higher flexibility and cost Splice cases in chambers Lower flexibility and cost
Optical Layer Network Design POP CO Interoffice Ring Access Ring ROADMs operate in optical domain No O-E-O conversion Fast (sub 50 msec) switch time Automatic power adjustment Optical Network technologies can provide fault tolerance when deployed in ring or diverse route configuration ROADM DWDM SDH
Optical Network Infrastructure DWDM ROADM Long-Haul Systems Metro DWDM CWDM SDH P-ONP/ P-OTP SDH Packet OTS P2P PON Optical network technologies optimised to meet network requirements Span length Reliability Bandwidth requirements Add/drop
Delivering Cost-Effective Optical Interfaces Key Industry Participants Optical Fibres Optical Components Standards Bodies
ONT ONT ONT ONT ONT ONT Optical Fibre Design Long Haul Low Attenuation and PMD Optimised for EDFA and Raman Amplification Metro/City Low Attenuation across all bands Optimised for CWDM FTTx Low Attenuation across all bands Improved bending performance (in-building)
Connecting Smart Cities Optical Network Technology for Long-Haul Networks Amplifier Technologies for long spans Erbium Doped Fibre Amplifiers Pre and Post booster amplifiers Raman Amplifiers co- and counter-propagating Remote Optically Pumped Amplifier (ROPA) Remote Erbium Amplifiers 1480 ROPA Pump Tx 14xx/15xx Tx Tx Tx Tx Tx Tx M U X Post-Amp 14xx/15xx 14xx/15xx Pre-Amp DCF D E M U X Tx Tx Tx Tx Tx EDF 14xx co-prop Raman Pumps 14xx counter-prop Raman Pumps
1 3 5 7 Long-span capabilities critical for reducing amplifier huts Raman Amplifier Amplifiers or regenerators need controlled environment DC Power Air conditioning Huts are expensive to acquire and maintain Ongoing security and maintenance concerns Raman amplifier technology can facilitate reducing or eliminating intermediate huts Amplifier hut Additional Amplifier Huts Huts required for for Intermediate Conventional Huts Huts can can SM SM be be Fiber Fiber Eliminated Conventional LightScope NZD SM (G.656) Fibre 100 200 km km hut hut spacing 1 21 3 42 5 63 7 84 900 km
Typical Metro Network Options Storage Area Network Virtual LAN over SDH Gigabit Ethernet over CWDM TeraSPEED Fibre supports ALL Applications!!
L5510 NE A RLI N E TM TM L5510 NEA RLI NE TM L5 51 0 NEARLINE Metro Network Applications Business applications different from residential traffic Much higher speeds (up to 10 Gb/s) Many transmission protocols Typical applications: Application Transmission Protocol Data Rate LAN Extension Ethernet 100 Mb/s 10 Gb/s Storage Area Networks Fibre Channel, ISCsi (IP) 200 Mb/s 8 Gb/s Digital Video SMPTE protocols 200 Mb/s 1.5 Gb/s Voice and Mobile SDH 155 Mb/s 10 Gb/s Internet Access E1, Ethernet 2 Mb/s 100 Mb/s Fibre infrastructure must support all of these requirements
CommScope Outdoor Cabinets Flexibility in Service Provisioning Outside Plant Cabinets Providing flexibility in OSP design Passive and Active equipment configurations Wired and Wireless equipment FDH (Fibre Distribution Hub) for FTTx Facilitates service connection and reconfiguration Can be configured for PON or Active Ethernet
FTTx Planning Cable Installation Duct, Direct-Buried or Aerial Optical Technology xpon Active Ethernet Fibre Type Standard SM Bend-Insensitive SM
Fibre to the Home: Increasing Real Estate Value Real estate value Time Source: Industria 2005
FTTP Reduces Operating Expenses (OPEX) Copper to the Premise (DSL) CO Fibre to the Premise (FTTP) CO Study: Annual OPEX/Line Costs Current Network versus with FTTP $300 $250 $200 Annual OPEX savings of $150 per line Source: Bernstien/Telcordia Technologies Study $150 $100 $50 0 Current With FTTP Network Operations Outside Plant Operations CO Operations Billing
Types of PON GigaPON (GPON) Evolution of BPON standard Up to 2.4Gbps with symmetric and asymmetric rate combinations. GPON OLT Video AMP WDM RF Video 20+ km Passive Splitters GPON Limited to 64[128] Splits per feeder fiber Ethernet PON (EPON) IEEE standard 802.3ah/ 802.3av (10G PON) Symmetric 1.2 Gb/s system, Ethernet based, standards in progress. 10 km/class A ODN is the common implementation. EPON OLT <10 km EPON Passive Splitters Limited to 32 Splits per feeder fiber WDM PON (WDM-PON) Standards expected 2010 WDM-PON OLT <20 km WDM PON AWG
P2P Architecture Single Home CO-Based Splice Joint Switch Multi-Dwelling Unit Switch Switch Advantages Higher bandwidth Simpler optical power budget design Easier to upgrade Mixed Residential and Business deployment
Zero Water Peak Advantage 1.2 O wavelength E (nm) S C L Loss (db/km) Ethernet and SDH 0.9 0.6 0.3 0 SMF ZWP fibre Wavelength (nm) 1300 1400 1500 1600 ZWP Advantage lower loss CWDM 4-5 more channels DWDM lower loss PON Upstream Future Use Future Raman Amp Amps Transmission lower loss + future upgrade lower loss + better Raman gain
Summary One of the keys to success for a Smart City is bandwidth, not just high bandwidth but SMART bandwidth Smart City applications will require a mix of wireless and wireline capabilities to accommodate new technology
Thank You!!