History of Computers

History of Computers

The Abacus The First Automatic Computer Chinese Invented first attempt at automating the counting process. The abacus is a machine which allows the user to remember his current state of calculations while performing more complex mathematical operation.

Forefathers of Modern Computers Gottfried Leibniz Wilhelm Charles Babbage Blaise Pascal

Invented one of the First Mechanical Calculators (The Pascaline) Pascal s Gear System It worked like an odometer for counting kilometers. Pascaline made for French currency.

Invented the Binary System The binary system which is the foundation of virtually all modern computer architectures. Used internally by modern computers. Made up of 0s and 1s. Used for card readers, electric circuits, and vacuum tubes.

Name J u l i e ASCII 74 117 108 105 101 Binary 0 0 0 0 0 Code 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1

Originated the concept of a programmable computer *Babbage is credited with inventing the first mechanical computer, called the Difference Engine, that eventually led to more complex designs. Part of Babbage's difference engine, assembled after his death by Babbage's son, using parts found in his laboratory. In Babbage s time, numerical tables were calculated by humans. At Cambridge, he saw the high error-rate of human calculations and started his life s work of trying to calculate the tables mechanically. The London Science Museum s Difference Engine #2, built from Babbage s design.

1 st Generation Vacuum Tubes 1939-1954 A device used to create an electrical signal by controlling the movement of electrons in a low-pressure space. Critical to the development of electronic technology. Were bigger, not as efficient or reliable, didn t last as long, more expensive than a transistor.

ENIAC Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer 1946 The first general-purpose electronic computer. It was a digital computer capable of being reprogrammed to solve a full range of computing problems. ENIAC was designed to calculate artillery firing tables for the U.S. Army s Ballistic Research Lab, but its first use was in calculations for the hydrogen bomb.

UNIVAC 1 1951 First Commercial Computer It used 5,200 vacuum tubes. Weight: 29,000 pounds (13 metric tons) Consumed 125 kw Performance: 1,905 operations per second running on a 2.25 MHz clock The machine was 25 feet by 50 feet in length It had an internal storage capacity of 1,000 words or 12,000 characters.

2 nd Generation Transistor 1954-1959 *Is commonly used to switch electronic signals. *The fundamental building block of modern electronic devices, and is used in radio, telephone, computers and other electronic systems. *Cited as being one of the greatest achievements in the 20 th century, and some consider it one of the most important technological breakthroughs in human history. Can be packaged individually but most are found in integrated circuits.

3 rd Generation Integrated Circuit 1959-1971 aka IC, microcircuit, microchip, silicon chip, or chip Integrated circuits are used in almost all electronic equipment in use today and have revolutionized the world of electronics. First integrated circuit Jack Kilby Texas Instruments

ARPANET 1969 The ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) created by ARPA of the United States Department of Defense during the Cold War, was the world's first operational packet switching network, and the predecessor of the global Internet.

4 th Generation Microprocessor 1971 1991 incorporates most or all of the functions of a central processing unit (CPU) on a single integrated circuit. reduced the cost of processing capacity.

Microsoft 1975 Bill Gates and Paul Allen approached Ed Roberts of MITS, creators of the new microcomputer, and promised to deliver the BASIC (Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) interpreter. They did so and from the sale Microsoft was born.

Bill Gates He is ranked consistently one of the world s wealthiest and the wealthiest overall as of 2009. Net worth: 58 billion as of 2008. Gates is one of the best-known entrepreneurs of the personal computer revolution. His 66,000 sq. ft. estate has a 60-foot swimming pool with an underwater music system, as well as a 2500 sq. ft. gym and a 1000 sq. ft. dining room. As of Oct. 1, 2008, he has donated 35.1 billion to the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which focuses on Education, Health Care, & Poverty. Gates and his wife are very fond of F. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby, and inscribed in the library a sentence from the last page of the novel: "He had come a long way to this blue lawn, and his dream must have seemed so close that he could hardly fail to grasp it." Seattle Weekly reports the 2008 tax of $1.06 million and the home's assessed value of $147.5 million

Paul Allen According to Forbes Allen is the 32nd richest person in the world, worth about $10.5 billion. Allen also has a multi-billion dollar investment portfolio. Allen owns three professional sports teams: the Seattle Seahawks, the Portland Trail Blazers, and the Seattle Sounders FC Major League Soccer, that began playing in the 2009 season. Allen was diagnosed with Hodgkin's disease in 1983. His cancer was successfully treated, however, he did not return to Microsoft and began distancing himself from the company.

Creation of Microsoft BASIC- Beginner s All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code (A programming language) **Developed by Kemeny and Kurtz in 1964, two mathematicians at Dartmouth **Simple, easy-to-understand syntax allowed students to quickly learn it. **Provided ease of programming and easier debugging than machine code or assembly

Other Programming Languages FORTRAN -FORmula TRANslator -Used for science, math, & engineering PASCAL -Named after Blaise Pascal, forefather of modern computers -Disciplined approach to structure and data description COBOL Common Business Oriented Language Data description stored separately from the program. C A general-purpose computer programming language very popular today for system programming

First Apple Computer April 1, 1976

First IBM PC (International Business Machines Person computer) August 1981

Cell Phones Available to Public in 1984

5 th Generation World Wide Web / Internet 1991 & Beyond The Web can be used for: Looking up information, Shopping for books, computers, or CD s Investigating or researching Downloading pictures, games, or other files The Web (World Wide Web) was developed at CERN lab in Zurich, Switzerland Requires a client program (such as Firefox, NetScape or Lynx) and a server (HTTP) to send information to the client INTERNET New form of communicating 2 things needed to view the internet Internet connection Browser

Internet vs. World Wide Web Many people use the words internet and world wide web to mean the same thing. The internet is NOT the web. The Internet is a massive network of networks. It connects millions of computers together globally The World Wide Web is a way of accessing information over the Internet. It is an information-sharing model that is built on top of the Internet.

Windows 3.1 April 1992

DVD Technology December 1995

USB Flash Drives - 2000

First ipod Release Date October 2001

Microsoft Office 2007 Released PCs Today *Fast *Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) -Allows you to use a mouse to control the computer -Can run thousands of different sets of instructions (programs). January 30, 2007

iphone came out Summer 2007 ipad announced Jan. 2010

Microsoft 2010 came out during 2010 2011 Microsoft announces Office for Mac 2011

Microsoft Apple

The Future Computer -Bring an ordinary tabletop to life. Cell Phones of the Future.avi -Touchscreen Computers. Coffee Table Computers Microsoft Surface The Possibilities Future Living - 2020 2030 Future Living (2020-2030)

Modern Marvels Technology Video

Review: Name: 1. Why should we study the past, present, & future of computers? 2. Who invented the 1 st mechanical computer? 3. What is the name of the 1 st Automatic Computer? 4. Who invented the Binary System? 5. What is the name of the 1 st commercial computer? 6. Who invented the 1 st mechanical calculator? 7. What computer was used in making calculations for the hydrogen bomb? 8. ARPANET was a predecessor of what? 9. What is the difference between the World Wide Web and the Internet? 10. 1 st Generation of computers used what? 11. 2 nd Generation of computers used what? 12. 3 rd Generation of computers used what? 13. 4 th Generation of computers used what? 14. What evolved during the 5 th Generation of computers? 15. What was your favorite part of the History of the Computer Unit?