1 U n t er r ich t splan Id entify Solid Shapes Altersgruppe: Grade 2, K i nde rgart e n, Grade 1 Virginia - Mathematics Standards of Learning (2009): 1.16, 2.16 Virginia - Mathematics Standards of Learning (2016): 1.13, K.10.b Fairfax County Public Schools Program of Studies: 1.16.a.1, 2.16.a.1, 2.16.a.2, 2.16.a.3, 2.16.a.4, P rek.14.a.1, P rek.14.a.2 Online-Ressourcen: I Spy a Shape, F i gure i t Out Opening Teacher present s Students pract ice Class discussion Math Pract ice 7 min 8 min 1 6 min 3 min 1 1 min M at h Obj ect ives E xpe ri e nc e in identifying solid shapes P rac t i c e identifying solid shapes in everyday life De vel o p spatial relationships Ope ni ng 7 min Use real-life examples of rectangular prisms, cubes, cylinders, spheres, and
2 cones. Some possibilities are cereal boxes, books, dice, a can of green beans, balls, globes, ice cream cones, party hats, etc. Draw a rectangular prism on the board, and discuss several real-life examples of rectangular prisms with students. S a y : This is a right rectangular prism. Use the definition of a right rectangular prism that is appropriate for your standards. Here is an example: A rectangular prism has 6 rectangular faces or flat surfaces. Point out the faces, the edges, and the vertices (corners) of the rectangular prism, and discuss the difference between a face and an edge of a 3D solid shape. Draw a cube on the board and present the example cube to the class. Say: This is a cube, a solid shape, where all of its faces are squares (like a dice). Ask: Is a right rectangular prism necessarily a cube? No, not all the faces in a rectangular prism are squares. Ask: What about the reverse? Is a cube a rectangular prism?
3 Yes, a cube is a type of right rectangular prism where all of its faces are squares. Draw a sphere on the board and present the example sphere to the class. Say: This is a sphere, just like a ball. Draw a right cylinder on the board and present the example cylinder to the class. Say: This is a right cylinder, a solid shape with two circles as bases (like a pipe). Ask: What is the difference between a sphere and a cylinder? A cylinder has 2 flat faces, and the sphere is round with no flat face. Ask: How many circular faces does the cylinder have? 2. Draw a cone on the board and present the example cone to the class. Say: This is a right cone, a solid shape with a circle as a base, and converges to a single point at the top (like a clown hat). Ask: How many flat faces does the cone have? A cone has one flat face. Draw a triangular pyramid and rectangular pyramid on the board and present the examples to the class. Say: These are pyramids. There are all kinds of pyramids. We name the type of the pyramid according to its base. A pyramid with a triangle base is called triangular pyramid, and a pyramid with a rectangular base is called rectangular pyramid, and so on. Ask: Which shapes has a pointed apex?
4 A cone and a pyramid. Ask: How many triangular faces does the pyramid have? It depends on the type of the pyramid. In a triangular pyramid, there are 3 triangular faces, and the base is also a triangle. In a rectangular pyramid, there are 4 triangular faces, and the base is a rectangle. In a pentagon pyramid there are 5 triangular faces, and the base is a pentagon, and so on. Note: Teachers should show real-life examples such as the Egyptian pyramids and also let students verbalize identifying characteristics. This helps young students understand the basic differences between cones and pyramids instead of formulating a formal definition at the younger grades. T e ac he r prese nt s M at h game : 8 min Present Matific s episode to the class, using the projector. This episode practices the identification of solid shapes: cubes, cylinders, spheres and cones. Solid geometric shapes are hidden in a scene. You have to find out how many shapes of each type there are.
5 Say: Please read the instructions at the bottom of the screen. Students can read the instructions. Say: In this game, there is a picture with different solid shapes. Who can recognize how many cubes are in the picture? In the picture, there are 4 cubes. Click on the cubes in the picture and lighten them.
6 Insert the number 4. Present the next question. Ask: How many spheres are in this picture? In the picture, there are 7 spheres. Click on the spheres in the picture and lighten them.
7 Insert the number 7. St ude nt s prac t i c e M at h game : 16 min Have students play and Figure it Out - I de nt if y S o lid S hape s on their personal devices. Circulate, answering questions as necessary. Cl ass di sc ussi o n 3 min Discuss any challenges the students faced while working individually. Ask the class for responses as to how they dealt with any common issues their classmates had. Repeat the property of each solid shape while presenting the shape to the class.
8 M at h P rac t i c e : So l i d Shape s - M aki ng and I de nt i f yi ng So l i d Shape s Wo rkshe e t 11 min You can print the shapes below and hand out to the students, or you can draw the shapes on the board and instruct the students how to draw them as well. Ask the students to cut, fold and paste them in order to form the solid shapes. When students are finished, use the solid shapes you have as examples and play the next game: 1. Invite a student, cover her eyes and bring her one of the solid shapes. She needs to guess the solid shape she is holding. Repeat the game a few times with different students. 2. Invite two students to perform a competition. Cover their eyes and ask them to guess the solid shape they are holding. The winner is the student who guesses first. Repeat the game a few times. 3. Invite a student and ask him to pick a solid shape without telling what he chooses. Ask the student to explain to the class the shape he chose only by saying the properties of the shape. If the student has difficulty, help him with questions like: does the solid shape have a circular face?
9 Does the solid shape have 6 faces? Print a ble H a ndo ut : S o lid S hape s
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