SMALL CELLS AND WI-FI OFFLOADING INDEX Index Table of Contents Table of Contents... i List of Figures... vi Executive summary...1 1 Introduction to small cells and Wi-Fi offloading...3 1.1 Introduction...3 1.1.1 Continued growth in mobile subscriptions and handset sales...4 1.1.2 Broadband services drive fixed-line connection growth...5 1.1.3 Fixed-mobile convergence and fixed-mobile substitution market trends...7 1.1.4 Global mobile data traffic grows along with increasing smartphone adoption...9 1.2 Communication network technology evolution...11 1.2.1 Wireless technologies...11 1.2.2 Fixed-line broadband technologies...13 1.3 Mobile network capacity improvement strategies...15 1.3.1 Macro layer improvements...15 1.3.2 Macro layer densification...16 1.3.3 Heterogeneous networks (HetNets)...16 1.3.4 Femtocells...17 1.3.5 Wi-Fi network integration and mobile data offloading...20 2 Small cell and Wi-Fi technology...23 2.1 Mobile network standards and architectures...23 2.1.1 GSM/GPRS/EDGE networks...23 2.1.2 UMTS/HSPA networks...24 2.1.3 LTE networks...27 2.1.4 Heterogeneous networks...29 2.1.5 Microcells...31 2.1.6 Picocells...31 2.1.7 Femtocells...31 2.2 Femtocell architectures in 3GPP and 3GPP2 networks...32 i
INDEX SMALL CELLS AND WI-FI OFFLOADING 2.2.1 3GPP UMTS femtocell specifications and interfaces...32 2.2.2 IMS based femtocell architecture...35 2.2.3 3GPP LTE femtocell architectures...35 2.3 Wi-Fi and cellular network integration...37 2.3.1 UMA/GAN...38 2.3.2 3GPP Wireless LAN Interworking (I-WLAN)...39 2.3.3 Hotspot 2.0 and Next Generation Hotspot...40 3 Small cell deployments...43 3.1 Small cells and femtocells from an operator perspective...43 3.1.1 The femtocell business case for mobile operators...43 3.1.2 Operator strategies...45 3.2 Small cell trials and commercial offerings...48 3.2.1 AT&T...51 3.2.2 China Unicom...52 3.2.3 Cosmote...52 3.2.4 Everything Everywhere...53 3.2.5 Hutchison 3G...53 3.2.6 KDDI au...53 3.2.7 MegaFon...54 3.2.8 Mobile TeleSystems...55 3.2.9 Network Norway...55 3.2.10 NTT DoCoMo...56 3.2.11 Optimus...56 3.2.12 Orange Group...56 3.2.13 SFR...58 3.2.14 SingTel Group...58 3.2.15 SK Telecom...59 3.2.16 SoftBank...60 3.2.17 Sprint Nextel...61 3.2.18 StarHub...63 3.2.19 Telefónica...63 3.2.20 Telenor...63 ii
SMALL CELLS AND WI-FI OFFLOADING INDEX 3.2.21 Verizon Wireless...64 3.2.22 Vodafone...64 4 Wi-Fi network deployments...67 4.1 Wi-Fi network operators, aggregators and brokers...69 4.1.1 Boingo Wireless...69 4.1.2 The Cloud...70 4.1.3 Comfone...70 4.1.4 Fon...70 4.1.5 ipass...71 4.1.6 Trustive...71 4.2 Carrier Wi-Fi network deployments and services...72 4.2.1 AT&T...72 4.2.2 China Mobile...73 4.2.3 Deutsche Telekom...74 4.2.4 Eircom...75 4.2.5 Free Mobile...76 4.2.6 KDDI au...76 4.2.7 KPN...77 4.2.8 KT Corporation...78 4.2.9 Swisscom...79 4.2.10 Telefónica O2 UK...79 4.2.11 TeliaSonera...80 5 Vendor profiles and strategies...83 5.1 The small cell value chain...83 5.2 End-to-end small cell system vendors and integrators...87 5.2.1 Alcatel-Lucent...87 5.2.2 Cisco Systems...89 5.2.3 Contela...90 5.2.4 Ericsson...90 5.2.5 Fujitsu...91 5.2.6 Hitachi...91 5.2.7 Huawei...92 iii
INDEX SMALL CELLS AND WI-FI OFFLOADING 5.2.8 NEC...93 5.2.9 Nokia Siemens Networks...94 5.2.10 Samsung Electronics...96 5.3 Small cell and residential gateway vendors...97 5.3.1 Airspan...97 5.3.2 Airvana...97 5.3.3 HSL...98 5.3.4 Ip.access...99 5.3.5 Minieum Networks...101 5.3.6 SpiderCloud Wireless...101 5.3.7 TEKTELIC Communications...102 5.3.8 UbeeAirWalk...102 5.3.9 Ubiquisys...103 5.3.10 ADB Group...104 5.3.11 Alpha Networks...104 5.3.12 Gemtek...105 5.3.13 Netgear...105 5.3.14 Sagemcom...106 5.3.15 SerComm...106 5.3.16 Tecom...107 5.4 Small cell chipset vendors...107 5.4.1 Broadcom...108 5.4.2 Freescale Semiconductor...108 5.4.3 Mindspeed Technologies...109 5.4.4 Qualcomm...110 5.4.5 Texas Instruments...111 5.5 Small cell software and network gateway vendors...111 5.5.1 Acme Packet...112 5.5.2 Aricent Group...112 5.5.3 mimoon...113 5.5.4 Node-H...113 5.5.5 Genband...114 iv
SMALL CELLS AND WI-FI OFFLOADING INDEX 5.5.6 Radisys... 115 5.5.7 Taqua... 116 5.6 Wi-Fi data offloading solution vendors... 116 5.6.1 Aptilo Networks... 117 5.6.2 Birdstep... 118 5.6.3 Greenpacket... 119 5.6.4 Kineto Wireless... 119 5.6.5 Notava... 120 5.6.6 Smith Micro Software... 121 5.6.7 Stoke... 121 5.6.8 Syniverse... 122 5.6.9 WeFi... 123 5.7 Wi-Fi equipment vendors... 124 5.7.1 Alvarion... 125 5.7.2 Edgewater Wireless... 125 5.7.3 GoNet Systems... 126 5.7.4 Ruckus Wireless... 126 5.7.5 Strix Systems... 127 5.7.6 Ubiquiti Networks... 128 5.7.7 Vivato Technologies... 128 6 Market trends and forecasts... 129 6.1 Small cell market trends... 129 6.1.1 Moving from femtocell trials to small cell deployments... 129 6.1.2 HetNet and small cell adoption may lead to industry transformation... 130 6.1.3 Wi-Fi offloading is gaining acceptance among mobile operators... 131 6.2 Small cell market forecasts... 132 6.2.1 Small cell deployments in Asia Pacific... 135 6.2.2 Small cell deployments in Europe... 137 6.2.3 Small cell deployments in North America... 138 6.2.4 Small cell shipments worldwide... 140 Glossary... 143 v
INDEX SMALL CELLS AND WI-FI OFFLOADING Index List of Figures Figure 1.1: Mobile subscriptions and handset sales by region (World Q4-2011)...4 Figure 1.2: Fixed-line broadband connections by region (World Q4-2011)...6 Figure 1.3: Voice traffic (World 2000 2008)...8 Figure 1.4: Mobile voice and data traffic (World 2007 2011)...9 Figure 1.5: Monthly data usage by subscription type (Scandinavia 2009 2011)...10 Figure 1.6: Mobile subscriptions and handset sales by standard (World Q4-2011)...11 Figure 1.7: Theoretical peak data rates by wireless technology...12 Figure 1.8: Theoretical peak data rates by fixed-line technology...14 Figure 2.1: UMTS network architecture...24 Figure 2.2: LTE network architecture...28 Figure 2.3: Heterogeneous network...29 Figure 2.4: Comparison of cellular network cell types...30 Figure 2.5: Iuh based femtocell architecture in UMTS networks...33 Figure 2.6: IMS based architecture...34 Figure 2.7: LTE femtocell architectures and interfaces...36 Figure 2.8: UMA/GAN architecture and interfaces...38 Figure 2.9: 3GPP I-WLAN architecture...40 Figure 3.1: Examples of commercial femtocell offerings (May 2012)...50 Figure 4.1: Examples of Wi-Fi network operators and aggregators (May 2012)...68 Figure 5.1: Main small cell solutions by vendor (May 2012)...84 Figure 5.2: Overview of femtocell access point vendors (May 2012)...85 Figure 5.3: Acquisitions in the small cell ecosystem (2010 2012)...86 Figure 5.4: Examples of Wi-Fi equipment vendors (May 2012)...124 Figure 6.1: Comparison of main telecom indicators by region (World Q4-2011)...132 Figure 6.2: Handset shipments and user forecast (World 2011 2016)...133 Figure 6.3: Cellular data traffic usage forecast (World 2011 2016)...133 Figure 6.4: Small cell installed base (World 2011 2016)...134 Figure 6.5: Main telecom indicators in Asia-Pacific (2011 2016)...136 vi
SMALL CELLS AND WI-FI OFFLOADING INDEX Figure 6.6: Main telecom indicators in EU27+2 (2011 2016)... 137 Figure 6.7: Main telecom indicators in North America (2011 2016)... 139 Figure 6.8: Small cell shipments by device type (World 2010 2016)... 140 Figure 6.9: Small cell shipments by region (World 2010 2016)... 141 Figure 6.10: Small cell shipments by air interface (World 2010 2016)... 142 vii
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