Daysim 3.0 DDS, New Validation Study
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1 Daysim 3.0 DDS, New Validation Study and Annual Daylight Glare Probability Schedules (Part 1) Rules of Thumb Energy New DC file format for Daysim 3.0 Daysim 3.0/3ds Max Design 2009 Validation Occupant Behavior Energy Considerations Christoph Reinhart and Jan Wienold 8 th International ti Radiance Workshop Oct
2 Validation of Daylight Factor Formula Reinhart & LoVerso, Lighting Research & Technology (in press) Comparison to Radiance simulations for 2304 spaces. Quality control for simulation.s Paper: Validation too for
3 LEED 2.2 Glazing Factor Formula Poor correlation since external obstructions are not considered.
4 LEED 2.2 Glazing Factor Formula (enhanced) Significant improvement. Rename glazing factor into daylight factor.
5 Daysim is a validated RADIANCE- based daylighting analysis software features a rudimentary JAVA graphical user interface with online help and a detailed tutorial calculates annual illuminance profiles and lighting g energy use features an user behavior model that predicts occupant use of personal lighting and shading controls runs under Windows TM and Linux OS can be coupled with thermal simulation ESP-r, TRNSYS Simulation Input: 3dim CAD building model Rhino SketchUp AutoCAD Ecotect Simulation Output: electric lighting g energy use various daylighting metric distributions load profiles for thermal simulations
6 Daysim Stats (approximate) > 1800 A&E firms > 800 Universities and Research Labs 96 countries
7 Daysim News Release Date for Daysim 3.0 (beta): soon Sketchup to Daysim Export (T Bleicher) Improved Daylight Coefficient File Format (DDS): developed with D Bourgeois and G Ward Daysim 3.0/3ds Max Design 2009 validation (with P-F Breton) Annual Daylight Glare Probability Profiles (J Wienold)
8 SketchUp to Daysim su2rad (written by Thomas Bleicher)
9 Dynamic Daylight Simulation (DDS) File Format Plus several discussions with John Mardaljevic Paper: Bourgeois D, Reinhart CF, Ward G, A Standard Daylight Coefficient Model for Dynamic Daylighting Simulations Building Research & Information 36:1 pp , 2008.
10 Daylight Coefficients (1) Division of the Celestial Hemisphere (2)Calculate Daylight Coefficients S α x E α (x) illuminance at x due to S α
11 Direct Contribution Separation of daylight coefficients into ground, diffuse and direct contributions: - 3 ground diffuse patches - ~65 direct patches Plus several discussions with John Mardaljevic
12 Limitation of old Daysim approach The issues: pointed out by Ramana Koti: Direct sunlight contribution sometimes too coarse.
13 (DDS) File Format Separation of daylight coefficients into ground, diffuse, indirect-direct and direct-direct contributions: - 3 ground diffuse patches indirect-direct patches direct-direct patches
14 Comparison old Daysim, DDS (Daysim >3.0) and Radiance
15 Implementation gen_dc filename.hea -dds ds_illum filename.hea -dds New option for gen_dc and ds_illum: -dds Calculates all four daylight coefficnet contrubuitions For indirect-direct regular direct daylight coefficients are calculated for 145 direct sun positions. Then the direct-direct contribution ( ab 0 ) is subtracted and the direct-direct contribution is repeated for 2305 direct sun positions.
16 New Direct Shadow Testing ds_illum filename.hea -dds -s New option for ds_ illum: -s Instead of relaying on the 2305 direct-direct sun positions the all actual direct sun positions that are taken from the climate file are used in order to further reduce interpolation errors.
17 Software Validation Collaboration with Pierre-Felix Breton
18 Survey on the Use of Daylight Simulations Energy & Buildings, Reinhart & Fitz participants i t from 27 countries ti (40% Canada & US) validation seems less of an issue out of 40 tools mentioned, >50% of votes for RADIANCE based tools
19 Radiance Validation Studies Light. Res. & Technology Energy & Buildings Mardaljevic, 1995 Reinhart, Walkenhorst 2001 Energy & Buildings Reinhart, Andersen 2006 my [%] Daylight Autono measured simulated climate Data: i illuminance threshold [lux] Conclusion: Radiance combined with daylight coefficients and Perez sky model can efficiently and reliably model annual illuminance time series with a mean relative error of around 25%.
20 Daylight Simulation Test Cases Paper: Reinhart C F, Breton PF, "Experimental Validation of 3ds Max Design 2009 and Daysim 3.0", LEUKIOS 6: (
21 Daylight Simulation Test Cases NRC Daylighting Laboratory development of a benchmarking procedure for daylight simulation programs comparison on simulation results with indoor illuminance measurements procedure has been applied to Radiance and 3ds Max Design 2009
22 3ds Max Design 2009 Based on Exposure TM technology. Exposure TM includes a shader of the Perez Sky Model (same model as Daysim). For the global illumination calculation Exposure uses the mental ray raytracer which supports forward (photon mapping) and backward raytracing (final gathering). Same as in Radiance final gather tracing in mental ray is performed only on discrete points (sensors). Light sensors in 3ds Max Design are specified using the Light Meter object. For reliable results you have to use Architectural materials! Tutorial:
23 Validation Work Flow SketchUp Model (geometry) Outside Irradiances Illuminances Material Properties Simulation Program: - 3ds Max Design Daysim3.0 - Simulated Illuminances
24 Outside Façade Illuminances Clear Sky Partly Cloudy Sky Nearly identical simulation results for outside sensors. Differences mainly from how ground reflectances are being treated.
25 Test Case 1 No Shading Very close agreement over alarge illuminance range. y g g g Slight offset probably due to geometry modeling errors and time lacks.
26 Test Case 2 Lightshelf Work Plane Sensor Front Work Plane Sensor Back Ceiling Sensor Front Ceiling Sensor Back Close agreement from 50 lux to 8000lux (covers total illuminance range that is typically encountered in buildings.
27 Test Case 3 Translucent Panel Façade Setup Daysim very close; 3ds Max too low. Problem with translucent material modifier in 3ds Max Design was caused by a double layer of translucent glazing. This shows the value of daylighting test cases for developers.
28 TC4 External Venetian Blinds Cloudy Day Close results under overcast sky conditions. Similar results for the internal venetian blinds.
29 Test Case 5 Internal Venetian Blinds Sunny Day Systematic error under sunny sky conditions for both programs. y y y p g Modeling challenges: Setting the slat angles evenly; measuring optical properties of blind slats (specular component); light spilling through cord holes.
30 Main Study Findings 3ds Max Design and Daysim can be used to support daylighting related design decisions in scenes of comparable complexity as the five daylighting test cases. This finding constitutes a certain paradigm shift as there are suddenly more than one lighting simulation engine that has been extensively validated based on physical measurements. d h h ll l d bl It is expected that other programs will soon also undergo comparable simulation procedures.
31 Thank-you! Contact: Christoph Reinhart Associate Professor Harvard University it Graduate School of Design Ottawa K1A 0R6, Canada Tel.: (617) October 21 to the GSD
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