Lindab We simplify construction. Table of contents

Transcription

1

2 Table of contents 1 General information Platforms Licensing Database properties Display language Interface General Settings Country Product Group Project Name Structural Settings Profile Flange Up/Orientation Extra Sidelap/Screws Flange Restraints Geometry Parameters for Deflection check Calculation method Loads Snow pocket Snow pocket for trapezoidal sheets Snow pockets for purlins and top hat sections Calculations Finite element model Deflections SLS Calculation ULS Calculation Screws Results Load and Save projects Print results Lindab StructuralDesigner (32)

3 1 General information 1.1 Platforms Lindab StructuralDesigner is a standalone software running on the Windows platform. 1.2 Licensing The following license options are applicable: Single-User license, Internet based This license type is given to members of Lindab s Information Gateway. If you are not a member, apply for membership at Company license, Internet based This license type is created upon request for large scale user scenarios. Contact Lindab at informationgateway@lindab.com for more information. Both license options are free of charge but the usage of the software should comply with the software EULA (End-User License Agreement) given during the installation. 1.3 Database properties The Lindab StructuralDesigner software works with section properties coming from the Lindab EC3Library database. Lindab EC3Library is a prerequisite and is installed automatically with Lindab StructuralDesigner. Lindab StructuralDesigner (32)

4 2 Display language The software is available in 14 languages, and the display language is pre-set according to the settings under the Regional and Language Options in the Windows Control Panel. If the current language isn t supported, English will be set as default. The display language can be changed manually in the Language menu in the startup screen as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1. Language menu When the correct language is set in the dropdown, click on the button to the right of the dropdown to proceed to the main interface. Lindab StructuralDesigner (32)

5 3 Interface The interface in the StructuralDesigner software is all about defining the wall or roof build up and the loads. The wall or roof build up includes the selection of product group, which can be profiled sheets, purlins or hat-profiles. It also includes the configuration of the structural model with additional bracing conditions. The main interface is displayed in Figure 2. Figure 2. Main interface 3.1 General Settings The General Settings are the first input to be given in StructuralDesigner. These settings are located in the top of the interface above the graphical section, see Figure 3. Figure 3. General Settings Lindab StructuralDesigner (32)

6 The General Settings contains three options: Country Product Group Project Name Country The Country is initially set according to the chosen language on the startup screen. Each language is connected to a predefined country and that sets the values for the partial factors that are used in the calculations. These factors are set individually for each country according to Eurocode EN :2005 and the National annex. The following countries can be selected: Bulgaria Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland Great Britain Hungary Latvia Lithuania Norway Poland Romania Slovakia Sweden Product Group The Product Group option specifies the product group to use in the project. The selected product group reflects which products and structural models that can be used. The following product groups can be selected: Structural Decking Roof Sheeting Wall Sheeting Z C U Top Hat Section Lindab StructuralDesigner (32)

7 3.1.3 Project Name The Project Name will act as the identifier of the project and will be visible in the printouts. 3.2 Structural Settings The Structural Settings defines which profile in the Product Group (see Product Group) that should be used, how it is oriented and other specific settings directly connected to the selected product group. The structural settings are located below the graphical section, see Figure 4. Figure 4. Structural Settings Profile The available profiles depend on the selection of Country and Product Group. A detailed cross section of the selected profile is shown in the Graphics section. This is obtained by pressing the Profile tab available in the right side of the graphics section as seen in Figure 5. Figure 5. Profile in Graphics section Flange Up/Orientation The Flange Up or Orientation dropdown is named differently depending on which product group that is selected. Flange up is shown for profiled sheets and orientation for purlins and hat profiles. The following options are available: Product Group Option Structural Decking Wide / Narrow Roof Cladding Wide / Narrow Wall Cladding Wide / Narrow Z Strong / Weak Lindab StructuralDesigner (32)

8 U Strong / Weak C Strong / Weak Top Hat Section Standard / Reverse The wide and narrow options are available for profiled sheets and they are explained in Figure 6. The bending axis is the same for these unsymmetrical geometries. Wide flange up: Narrow flange up: Figure 6. Flange Up The strong and weak options are available for Z-, C- and U-purlins and they are explained in Figure 7. The geometry of these profiles are considered to be symmetrical in terms of flange and stiffener lengths, but the bending axis can be different. Strong orientation: Weak orientation: Figure 7. Orientation purlins The standard and reverse options are available for hat-profiles and they are explained in Figure 8. The bending axis is the same for these unsymmetrical geometries. Lindab StructuralDesigner (32)

9 Standard orientation: Reverse orientation: Figure 8. Orientation Top Hat Sections Extra Sidelap/Screws The Extra Sidelap or Screws dropdown is named differently depending on which product group that is selected. The extra sidelap option can be used on profiled sheets to increase the capacity. The value that is selected indicates the amount of waves that is overlapped. The amount of waves that can be overlapped are different for each profile due to its geometry. The screws option are available when purlins or hat-profiles are selected. This option sets the screw dimension that is used to fix the profile to the support and in a possible overlap. See Figure 9. Figure 9. Screws The 4.2 to 6.3 dimensions are considered as self-drilling screws and referring to its thread diameter. The M10 and M12 are considered as bolts. 3.3 Flange Restraints The Flange Restraints section defines which restraint condition that is used and specific details directly connected to the selected restraint type. The flange restraint, as seen in Figure 10, can be selected when purlins or hat-profiles are used. Lindab StructuralDesigner (32)

10 Figure 10 Flange restraints The following restraint options are available in various combinations, for top and bottom flange: Continuous Braced continuously which prevents all types of lateral torsional buckling. Discrete Braced at specific locations along the profile which prevents lateral torsional buckling. Free Not braced. The restraint options available depend on the product group selected, see Figure 11. Figure 11. Restraint options When continuous is selected as restraint type, additional details about the cladding and the fixing of it must be specified. This is done using in the options to the right of the restraint dropdown. When discrete is selected as restraint type, each bracing location must be specified using the input box to the right of the restraint dropdown. The values given should be in millimetres and separated using spaces. For details, see Figure 12. Lindab StructuralDesigner (32)

11 Figure 12. Restraint details 3.4 Geometry The geometry setup is defined in two steps; supports and spans. This is displayed in Figure 13. Figure 13. Geometry The geometry can be generated in two ways. One way is to use the grid itself and edit cell by cell to the desired setup. The other way is to use the Generate button located in the bottom left corner of the geometry section. Before the button is pressed, the default geometry, the default static model and the amount of spans must be set. The geometry can always be edited later on. The location of the default geometry input fields are shown in Figure 14. Figure 14. Default geometry Below follows a brief explanation of all default geometry input fields: Lindab StructuralDesigner (32)

12 Support: Position X-coordinate calculated from left to right. Type Hinge ( ), Continuous ( ) or Overlapped ( ). Width Width of support (0 if stiffener is used, usually for Z-purlins). L1 Length of cantilever or overlap on the left side of the support. L2 Length of cantilever or overlap on the right side of the support. Spans: Length Length of span. Th.1 Thickness of profile. Th.2 Thickness of additional profile (if required). The default static model can be set in the dropdown to any of the following options: Continuous Simply supported Overlapped The dropdown is located in the bottom of the geometry section, as seen in Figure 15. Figure 15. Default static model This will define the type of supports to use for the structural model. The overlapped option is only available for Z-purlins. The amount of spans are set in the input field to the right of the Generate button. The Default static model dropdown is placed right next to it. When the default geometry, the default static model and the amount of spans is set, the structural model is generated by pressing the Generate button as displayed in Figure 16. Figure 16. Generate spans The values in the geometry window can be edited manually by simply clicking the cell to edit. Some values are changed by typing the new value manually (Figure 17), and some are changed by predefined values (Figure 18). Lindab StructuralDesigner (32)

13 Figure 17. Edit using typing Figure 18. Edit using predefined values Sometimes there are cells in the grid that cannot be edited, and those are marked with a dash sign ( - ), see Figure 19. Figure 19. Non editable cells Lindab StructuralDesigner (32)

14 One of the supports in a structural model can be marked as a fixed support. All the other supports will be roller supports. The fixed support is able to resist vertical and horizontal forces, where the roller only resists vertical forces. The first support in the structural model (from the left) is by default marked as fixed, but this can be changed. To change the location of the fixed support, press the desired support type value and click Mark Support as Fixed as seen in Figure 20. Figure 20. Mark Support as Fixed To add a cantilever to the first or last support in the structural model, the support type on these must be set to Continuous. Set the cantilever length in the L1 and L2 cells. L1 is for the first support and L2 for the last support. In a structural model with Z-purlins, the overlap length of the left side of the support is set using L1 and the overlap length on the right side is set using L2 as displayed in Figure 21. Figure 21. Cantilever and overlaps To delete a span, select the span cell to remove and press the Delete Current Span button located in the bottom right corner of the geometry section. This is displayed in Figure 22. Lindab StructuralDesigner (32)

15 Figure 22. Delete current span 3.5 Parameters for Deflection check The deflection criteria are set using the Limit Span and Limit Cantilever options. These dropdowns are displayed in Figure 23. Figure 23. Deflection limit. The limit factors are by default set to L/150 but they can be changed to predefined values ranging from L/90 to L/500. The limit factors are set individually for spans and cantilevers due to the difference and impact of the calculation standard. 3.6 Calculation method There are two different calculation methods available for Z-purlins; Standard and Advanced. The Advanced calculation method is based on practical tests and specific criteria must be fulfilled in order to use it. When the dropdown is empty, only the Standard calculation method is available. Figure 24. Calculation method Lindab StructuralDesigner (32)

16 The following criteria must be fulfilled: Product group Z Dimension 150, 200, 250 Difference in thickness < 30% between two neighbouring spans, compared to the average between those spans. Static model Overlapped Spans Two or more. Span Length 4800 < Length < 7200 Difference in span < 5% between two neighbouring spans, compared to the average between those spans. Support width 0 mm Support type Mid supports must be Overlapped or Hinged. Two hinged supports cannot be next to each other. The second support from each end must be overlapped. Overlap Length For the first and last overlap, the overlap length is set to 8-12% of the span length. For the remaining overlaps, the overlap length is set to 8-22% of the span length. Strengthening profiles Not allowed. Restraints Continuous/Free or Free/Continuous. Loads Uniformly distributed load Observe that the load direction shall act in a way that makes the restrained flange compressed. 3.7 Loads The loads are defined in the Loads section as seen in Figure 25. Figure 25. Load window Lindab StructuralDesigner (32)

17 There are four load types available: Uniform (U) Evenly distributed load acting on all spans. Linear (L) Linear distributed load acting on a part of the structural model. Concentrated (C) Point load acting on a specific location. Axial (A) Axial load applied at any of the supports. Observe that the available load types are different between the product groups. To apply a load to the structural model, click a cell in the Type column, and choose one of the predefined load types available, as seen Figure 26. Figure 26. Load types Each load type has a different set of inputs that must be given: Structural Decking, Roof Sheeting and Wall Sheeting: Uniform (U): Startint. [kn/m 2 ] Load value. ULS / SLS Ultimate Limit State / Serviceability Limit State. Linear (L): Startp. [mm] Start point of linear load. Endp. [mm] End point of linear load. Startint. [kn/m 2 ] Load value at start point. Endint. [kn/m 2 ] Load value at end point. ULS / SLS Ultimate Limit State / Serviceability Limit State. Concentrated (C): Startp. [mm] Start point of concentrated load. Startint. [kn/m] Load value at start point. Lindab StructuralDesigner (32)

18 Width [mm] Load width. ULS / SLS Ultimate Limit State / Serviceability Limit State. Z, C, U and Top Hat Section: Uniform (U): Startint. [kn/m] Load value. ULS / SLS Ultimate Limit State / Serviceability Limit State. Linear (L): Startp. [mm] Start point for linear load. Endp. [mm] End point for linear load. Startint. [kn/m] Load value at start point. Endint. [kn/m] Load value at end point. ULS / SLS Ultimate Limit State / Serviceability Limit State. Concentrated (C): Startp. [mm] Start point for concentrated load. Startint. [kn] Load value at start point. Width [mm] Load width. ULS / SLS Ultimate Limit State / Serviceability Limit State. Axial (A): Startp. Support Start support for axial load. Startint. [kn] Load value at start point. ULS/SLS Ultimate Limit State/Serviceability Limit State. Inputs that aren t available for the specific load type have a grey cross over their cells as seen in Figure 27. Figure 27. Parameters that are not available Uniform, linear and concentrated loads that are acting downwards on the structure should be set with a positive value. Axial loads that are acting from left to right in the structural model should be set with a positive value. Observe that the loads that are given in the software should be calculated according to actual national standards, and be of type design load. Lindab StructuralDesigner (32)

19 To delete a load acting on the structural model, select one of the cells in the load grid that is connected to the load, and press the Delete Current Load button. The button is located in the bottom right corner of the loads section. This is displayed in Figure 28. Figure 28. Delete load 3.8 Snow pocket A snow pocket that is acting along the structural model is added using a standard linear load. If the snow pocket is acting perpendicular to the structural model, there is a specific built-in snow pocket module available. To add a snow pocket that acts perpendicular to the structural model, start by selecting the load that shall be used as a base for the snow pocket calculation, and click the button with a yellow icon located in the bottom left corner of the load section. This will connect the load that will be configured inside the snow pocket module. Observe that the connected load shall be the snow load acting on all parts of the roof which is calculated without considering the snow pocket. See Figure 29. Figure 29. Snow pocket button When the load is connected, configure the snow pocket by clicking the Snow pocket button located next to the loads header, see Figure 30. Figure 30. Snow pocket button Observe that a snow pocket calculation must be executed when the snow pocket configuration section is visible. The Optimate button shall be used since it calculates each profile in the analysed area. If the calculation is executed when the snow pocket section is closed, the calculation is done without the effect of the snow pocket. Lindab StructuralDesigner (32)

20 3.8.1 Snow pocket for trapezoidal sheets When the snow pocket button is clicked, the snow pocket configuration section is opened over the geometry section. See Figure 31. Figure 31. Snow pocket configuration for trapezoidal sheets Below follows a brief explanation of all the input fields: Strip It shows which analysed unit in the structural model that is shown. This is also visible in the graphics section. Use the left and right arrows to navigate between different units. The arrow buttons are located above the input field. Calc. length Define the length of the area to analyse. This must be bigger than the snow pocket length. Calc. width Single, Double or Triple. This affects how many profiles that are analysed as one unit. With the Triple option, three by three profiles will be analysed, and those will have the same thickness when optimized. This is visible in the graphics. Load multipliers m1, m2 and m3 are load multipliers that are used to set the loads values in different locations of the snow pocket. The graphics shows the location of the multipliers. The m2 and m3 factors are usually set to 1.0. Ex. If the load connected to the snow pocket has a load value of 2, and the highest load value of the snow pocket is 6, the m1 factor should be 3 (6/2). s Snow pocket length, either in mm or in %. Each strip is calculated separately, due to the difference in load, and will result in different thicknesses for different strips. The thickness/thicknesses for the strip is Lindab StructuralDesigner (32)

21 visible in the left side of the snow pocket configuration section. Use the left and right arrows to navigate between different strips. Press the Return to Geometry button to leave the snow pocket section Snow pockets for purlins and top hat sections The first time the snow pocket button is clicked in the project, a dialogue requesting a centre distance is opened. See Figure 32. Figure 32. Enter centre distance between profiles The value that shall be given is the centre distance used in the calculation of the load connected to the snow pocket. Observe that this load is presented in kn/m which includes the centre distance. Observe that if this load is changed later on due to a change of centre distance, the value given in the dialogue (see Figure 32) must be updated. This is done via the Options -> Modify centre distance between profiles menu option. When the centre distance is set and accepted, the snow pocket configuration section is opened over the geometry section. See Figure 33. Figure 33. Snow pocket configuration for purlins and top hat sections Lindab StructuralDesigner (32)

22 Below follows a brief explanation of all the input fields: Length Define the length of the area to analyse. This must be bigger than the snow pocket length. e1 Roof cladding overhang on the left side of the structural model. Max dist. Maximum allowed distance between profiles. This is by default set to the value given in the default centre distance input dialogue, as shown in Figure 32. e2 Roof cladding overhang on the right side of the structural model. Load multipliers m1, m2 and m3 are load multipliers that are used to set the loads values in different locations of the snow pocket. The graphics shows the location of the multipliers. The m2 and m3 factors are usually set to 1.0. Ex. If the load connected to the snow pocket has a load value of 2, and the highest load value of the snow pocket is 6, the m1 factor should be 3 (6/2). s Snow pocket length, either in mm or in %. Each profile is calculated separately, due to the differences in loads, and will result in different centre distances for different profiles. The centre distances are visible in the left side of the snow pocket configuration section. Press the Return to Geometry button to leave the snow pocket section. Lindab StructuralDesigner (32)

23 4 Calculations To calculate the structural model according to the project setup, press the Calculate! button in the bottom centre part of the main interface. The button is displayed in Figure 34. Figure 34. Calculate button The Ultimate Limit State (ULS) and the Serviceability Limit State (SLS) loads shall be calculated according to EN-1990 and EN-1991 standard. The cross section resistances and interaction controls used in the calculations are defined in EN and EN The SLS limit is set by the user, see chapter 3.5 Parameters for Deflection check. If the result is presented with red numbers, it states that the utilization is over 100 % in at least one of the failure modes. It is possible to press the Optimate! button instead of Calculate!, to get a working solution automatically. The software will then look for a solution with a utilization that is below 100% by changing thickness of the profiles in the structural model. This is displayed in Figure 35. Figure 35. Optimate button The SLS loads can be removed from the optimization process by clicking the SLS button as seen in Figure 36. Figure 36. Remove SLS loads If the software cannot find a proper solution, the following message will be shown. See Figure 37. Lindab StructuralDesigner (32)

24 Figure 37. No good solution found 4.1 Finite element model The model is calculated by a Finite element method. The nodes are automatically generated to give an accurate result. The maximum element length are set to be: Where: L s,min = mimimum span length l div = 16 L max = L s,min /l div Nodes that are too close to each other are eliminated if the distance between them are smaller than: Too close = L max /200 The internal forces and deflections are calculated at the FE nodes. The concentrated forces are considered as nodal forces while the distributed loads are considered as equivalent uniformly distributed between two FE nodes. The Equivalent load intensity is calculated by resultant of all distrubuted loads acting on a Finite Element Finite Element legth The deflections are calculated from SLS loads only. The FE model uses first order theory and therefore the axial forces (A) are not included in the FE calculations. If axial compressive forces is presented in a span, its second order effects considered by multiplying the first order deflection with a magnifying factor as 1 1 1/α cr Lindab StructuralDesigner (32)

25 where α cr = π2 EI g L s 2 N ed.sls A ef.n A g A g = Gross area I g = Moment of inertia A ef.n = effective cross secion for compression E = modulus of elesticity N ED.SLS = Total SLS Axial force L S = length of the span The buckling length is considered to be identical with the span length. Possible strengthening elements are considered but increased rigidity due to overlaps is not. The magnifying factor α cr are therefore threated as constant for a span. 4.2 Deflections SLS The FE model considers point supports and the deflections might be somewhat larger than the real deflection if the support width is larger than zero. This effect is approximately considered and how it is done is described with the following formulas where the utilization of the deflection u D is calculated : Where u D = d Ed.red d lim d Ed.red = reduced vertical deflection d lim = maximum allowed deflection defined by the user The reduced vertical deflection is calculated considering the positive effect of the nonzero support width. d Ed.red = d Ed ( Ls.clear L s ) where d Ed = Vertical defelction L s = Theoretical span length Ls.clear = clear span length (between two support edges) Lindab StructuralDesigner (32)

26 4.3 Calculation ULS The ULS resistances and failure modes are calculated according to EN :2006. The following failure modes are checked: Acting Force Axial force (N) Shear Force (V) Bending Moment (M) Transverse forces (R, F) Normal - and shear force, Bending moment (N, V, M) Normal - and transverse force, Bending moment (N, R, M) Normal force, Bending moment horizontal and vertical (N, M, M fz ) Axial force (N) Axial force and Bending moment (N, M) Axial force and horizontal Bending moment (N, M) Normal force, vertical Bending moment and horizontal lateral bending moment (N, M b, M fz ) Description Cross-section check for axial force. Cross-section check for shear force. Cross-section check for bending moment (in the vertical plane). Cross-section check of resistance to direct transverse forces. Cross-section check for interaction between: Normal force, (vertical and horizontal) bending moment and shear force (vertical). Cross-section check for interaction between: Normal force, (vertical and horizontal) bending moment and direct transverse forces. Cross-section check for interaction between: Normal force, vertical bending moment and lateral (horizontal) bending of free flanges. Member check for flexural buckling in the vertical plane Member check for interaction between: Flexural buckling(vertical plane) and the vertical bending moment. Member check to verify the interaction of flexural buckling (in the vertical plane) and lateral-torsional buckling, and also the horizontal bending due to possible shift of neutral axis in the presence of a compressive force. Member check to verify the buckling interaction of normal force, bending moment (vertical), and lateral (horizontal) bending of the free flange in those beams where one flange is laterally unrestrained. For more information about the ULS checks please see EN :2006 and the appropriate sections. The software are making some approximations, and they are presented below. The tensile resistance is seen as the minimum of the plastic resistance of the gross section and the ultimate resistance of the net section. The net section is assumed to be equal to the gross section. If there are predefined holes in the profile this Lindab StructuralDesigner (32)

27 assumption may not be valid if the member are in pure tension, which is not a typical application. For the shear resistance, the Eurocode standard can handle the web in two ways; a web with stiffening and a web without stiffening. The software handles the web as it was without stiffening. For the bending resistance the partial plastic reserve is not considered, but the possible effect of increased yield strength due to cold forming is considered. The Bending resistance of a free flange (M fz,rd ) isn t explicitly expressed in the Eurocode 3 and are interpreted and expressed as: Where M fz,rd = f ybw fz γ M1 f yb = basic Yield strength W fz = elastic section modules for the flange zone γ M1 = partial factor 4.4 Calculation Screws The number of necessary screw and bolts are calculated at the following locations: At supports At overlap ends At ends of strengthening elements The minimum number of screws at these locations are set to 2, to prevent rotation in the screw connection. The screw and bolt resistances in terms of bearing and shear are calculated according to the EN The shear resistance for screws should be determined by testing, but are obtained from the Swedish National Annex, which has defined characteristic values for screw dimension. If there are two overlapping profiles at a support, the screw resistance is defined by using the thickest profile. For more information about the screw resistances, see EN and appropriate sections. Lindab StructuralDesigner (32)

28 5 Results The results are displayed in three different ways; quick, brief and detailed results. The quick results will display the ULS and SLS utilization values from the highest failure mode, but it doesn t display which failure mode that is governing. The quick results are displayed in the main interface as seen in Figure 38. Figure 38. Quick results The other two result options are found in the bottom right corner of the main interface. These results are displayed when either the Brief Results or Detailed Results tabs are pressed. The tabs are located in the bottom right corner of the main interface as displayed in Figure 39. Figure 39. Brief and Detailed Result tabs There are default setups for the calculation results for both the brief and the detailed results, but these can be customized. To change the setup, click Options in the menu bar and then either the Brief Results Columns or Detailed Results Columns option as seen in Figure 40. Figure 40. Options In these dialogs, there are a number of calculation result options that can be selected. If a result option is selected in any of the setups, it will be displayed in the corresponding result tab. All result options are pre-selected by default for the Detailed Results. The dialog for the Brief Results Columns are displayed in Figure 41. Lindab StructuralDesigner (32)

29 Figure 41. Options for Brief Results Columns For the brief results, the calculation results are presented for supports, spans and overlaps based on the structural model. The calculation results are presented as summaries of one or more node results, and the results are therefore sometimes presented as intervals with minimum and maximum values. The numbering of supports etc. follows the same numbering as seen in the Graphics section. This is displayed in Figure 42. Figure 42. Brief Results Depending on the calculation result that is displayed, the value can be in different units. For the detailed results, the calculation results are presented for supports, spans and overlaps, for each node based on the structural model. Since the calculation results are presented for each node, the numbering position consists of both the node value and the support, span or overlap value. The node values are numbered from left to Lindab StructuralDesigner (32)

30 right, and the numbering of supports, spans or overlaps follows the same numbering as seen in the Graphics section. This is displayed in Figure 43. Figure 43. Detailed Results If a value in the brief results or the detailed results are selected, a diagram with that specific calculation result will be shown in the Graphics section as displayed in Figure 44. Figure 44. Graphic Results Lindab StructuralDesigner (32)

31 The calculation result that has the highest utilization value will be presented with a bold font, and all utilization values above 100% will be presented with a red background. 6 Load and Save projects You can save the project file from StructuralDesiger by clicking the File menu, and the Save As option. This will open the save dialog in which the file name and the directory can be specified. The extension of the saved files from Lindab StructuralDesigner is.lsd. To open a saved project, click the File menu and then the Open option. Locate the file and click the Open button. 7 Print results There is a print function available in Lindab StructuralDesigner. It is available in the File menu, via the Print option. This will open a print dialog where the details can be set before the document is sent the printer as displayed in Figure 43. Figure 43. Print results Lindab StructuralDesigner (32)

32 Lindab StructuralDesigner (32)