Agilent 8509A/B Lightwave Polarization Analyzer. User s Guide

Transcription

1 Agilent 8509A/B Lightwave Polarization Analyzer User s Guide

2 Copyright Agilent Technologies 1992, 1994, 2001 All Rights Reserved. Reproduction, adaptation, or translation without prior written permission is prohibited, except as allowed under copyright laws. Agilent Part No Printed in USA December 2001 Agilent Technologies Lightwave Division 3910 Brickway BoulevardSanta Rosa, CA 95403, USA Windows is a U.S. registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Microsoft is a U.S. registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. MS-DOS is a U.S. registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. Notice. The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. Companies, names, and data used in examples herein are fictitious unless otherwise noted. Agilent Technologies makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Agilent Technologies shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material. Restricted Rights Legend. Use, duplication, or disclosure by the U.S. Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS for DOD agencies, and subparagraphs (c) (1) and (c) (2) of the Commercial Computer Software Restricted Rights clause at FAR for other agencies. Warranty. This Agilent Technologies instrument product is warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of one year from date of shipment. During the warranty period, Agilent Technologies will, at its option, either repair or replace products which prove to be defective. For warranty service or repair, this product must be returned to a service facility designated by Agilent Technologies. Buyer shall prepay shipping charges to Agilent Technologies and Agilent Technologies shall pay shipping charges to return the product to Buyer. However, Buyer shall pay all shipping charges, duties, and taxes for products returned to Agilent Technologies from another country. Agilent Technologies warrants that its software and firmware designated by Agilent Technologies for use with an instrument will execute its programming instructions when properly installed on that instrument. Agilent Technologies does not warrant that the operation of the instrument, or software, or firmware will be uninterrupted or error-free. Limitation of Warranty. The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance by Buyer, Buyer-supplied software or interfacing, unauthorized modification or misuse, operation outside of the environmental specifications for the product, or improper site preparation or maintenance. No other warranty is expressed or implied. Agilent Technologies specifically disclaims the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Exclusive Remedies. The remedies provided herein are buyer's sole and exclusive remedies. Agilent Technologies shall not be liable for any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages, whether based on contract, tort, or any other legal theory. Safety Symbols. CAUTION The caution sign denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to or destruction of the product. Do not proceed beyond a caution sign until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met. WARNING The warning sign denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in injury or loss of life. Do not proceed beyond a warning sign until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met. ISM1-A The instruction manual symbol. The product is marked with this warning symbol when it is necessary for the user to refer to the instructions in the manual. The laser radiation symbol. This warning symbol is marked on products which have a laser output. The AC symbol is used to indicate the required nature of the line module input power. The ON symbols are used to mark the positions of the instrument power line switch. The OFF symbols are used to mark the positions of the instrument power line switch. The CE mark is a registered trademark of the European Community. The CSA mark is a registered trademark of the Canadian Standards Association. The C-Tick mark is a registered trademark of the Australian Spectrum Management Agency. This text denotes the instrument is an Industrial Scientific and Medical Group 1 Class A product.

3 8509A/B General Safety Considerations General Safety Considerations WARNING WARNING CAUTION This is a Safety Class 1 Product (provided with a protective earthing ground incorporated in the power cord). The mains plug shall only be inserted in a socket outlet provided with a protective earth contact. Any interruption of the protective conductor inside or outside of the product is likely to make the product dangerous. Intentional interruption is prohibited. No operator serviceable parts inside. Refer servicing to qualified personnel. To prevent electrical shock, do not remove covers. Before switching o this instrument, make sure that the line voltage selector switch is set to the voltage of the power supply and the correct fuse is installed. 3

4 8509A/B General Safety Considerations 4

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7 Contents 1. Getting Started Description of the Instrument Installation About This Manual Set This guide uses the following conventions: HP 8509A/B User's/Reference Guide Table of Contents (this manual) The Main Menu The Data Displays (Power, DOP, Ellipse and Poincare Sphere) Power Display DOP Display Poincare Sphere Polarization Ellipse The Marker Functions Setting a Marker Setting a Marker at the Current Data Point Setting a Marker at a User-Specied Point Turning the Markers On and O Clearing the Markers Centering the Sphere on a Marker or Current Point Two- or Three-Point Polarization Reference Zoom and Rotate Zoom To Zoom In To Zoom Out The Zoom Factor Function Rotate To Rotate the Sphere The 4Home5 Button Clear Trace5 and Hold Clear Trace Hold and Cal Source Wavelength Cal Contents-1

8 2. Making Measurements Conventions PMD Measurement: Jones Matrix Eigenanalysis Method Basic Measurement Setting up the System External Source Preparation Making the Measurement Manipulating the Measurement Results The Measurement Summary Bar The Measurement Annotation Area Using The Cursor Changing The Measurement Format Changing The Graph's Y-Scale Displaying and Printing Data in Tabular Format Displaying Data in a Statistical Format The File menu NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Add from Selected JME Window F Contents-2 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Add from Database...F NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Add from Text File...F NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Load Statistics...F NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Save Statistics...F NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Print Bitmap NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Print Data NNNNNNNNNNNNNN Exit The Edit menu The Format Menu The Help menu The Annotation Area Printing the PMD:JME Graph Saving your Measurement as Text Saving in Database Format Specialized Measurement Methods Performing a Cascade Measurement Setting up the System Making the Measurement Using a Voltage-Tuned Source Using a Manually-Tuned source PMD:JME Concepts Polarization Mode Dispersion Polarization modes General eects Mode coupling PMD units Fiber PMD statistics Fitting the Maxwell curve to the distribution Enlarging the sample size Source spectral characteristics Should I use the reference frame? Cascade measurements

9 What is a cascade measurement? Typical applications PMD Measurement: Wavelength-Scanning Method Basic Measurement Setting up the System Making the Measurement Manipulating the Measurement Results The Measurement Summary Bar The Measurement Annotation Area Using The Cursor Changing The Measurement Format Displaying and Printing Data in Tabular Format Printing your Graph Saving your Measurement as Text Saving in Database Format PMD:WS Concepts Polarization Mode Dispersion Polarization modes General eects Mode coupling PMD units Optimizing the setup for ber or component test Wavelength tuning range Analysis mode Minimum feature size Statistical characterization of ber PMD PDL Measurement: Jones Matrix Method Basic Measurement Setting up the System External Source Preparation Making the Measurement Saving the Measurement Results PDL Measurement: Power Max-Min Method Basic Measurement Setting up the System External Source Preparation Making the Measurement Saving the Measurement Results Jones Matrix Measurement Basic Measurement Setting up the System External Source Preparation Measurement Procedure Establish the Polarization Reference Frame Making the Measurement Concepts The Relative Jones Matrix The sign of s Description of the Jones Matrix Measurement Algorithm Application of the Jones Matrix Timed Measurements Contents-3

10 Polarization Maintaining Fiber Launch Basic Measurement Setting up the System External Source Preparation Making the Measurement Concepts Explanation of Polarization Maintaining Fiber Launch Polarization Reference Frame Basic Measurement Setting up the System External Source Preparation Choosing the Polarizers Setting the Reference Frame Checking Reference Frame Quality Setting a Circular State of Polarization Using the Reference Frame Additional Measurement Applications pt and 3pt Polarization Reference Frames Measurement of the Retardance of an Optical Device Measurement ofoutput Polarization of an Optical Integrated Circuit Measuring Polarization State at a Connector Surface Concepts Explanation of Polarization Reference Frame Mathematics Transmission Ratio (3pt Reference Frame) State of Polarization Measurements Basic Measurement Setting up the System External Source Preparation Making the Measurement Measurement Results Specialized Measurement Techniques Measuring eective degree of polarization Concepts Degree of Polarization Electric Fields and Polarization Accuracy Enhancement and Troubleshooting Before You Proceed Symptoms Solutions Printing, Saving, and Recalling Measurement Results and Instrument Congurations Conventions For Additional Information Printing Measurement Results Standard Printing Procedure Customized Printing Results Procedure Contents-4

11 Saving and Recalling Measurements Saving Measurements Procedure Recalling Measurements HP 8509 File Recall Procedure HP 8509 File Recall Results Word Processor, Spreadsheet and Database Numeric File Format PMD: Jones Matrix Eigenanalysis Save Format PMD: Wavelength-Scanning Save Format PDL: Jones Matrix and Jones Matrix Save Format Timed Measurement As Text Save Format Saving and Recalling Instrument Congurations Recalling the Preset Conguration Procedure Saving a User Conguration Procedure Recalling a User Conguration Procedure The Display Menu For Additional Information The PRESET Conguration Displaying the Marker Table Displaying the Poincare Sphere Displaying the Polarization Ellipse Exchanging the Poincare Sphere and the Polarization Ellipse Changing the Power Display Units Marking the Current Point Changing the Display Update Frequency Holding the Data Display Clearing the Trace From the Sphere Setting the Display to Refresh Automatically The System Menu Conventions Optical Source Opening the Optical Source Setup Window Selecting an Optical Source (HP 8509A Only) Selecting an Optical Source (HP 8509B Only) Zero Initiating the Receiver Zeroing Routine Making Accurate Measurements Calibration Calibrating For Use With a Fixed Wavelength Source Select the Source to be Calibrated Calibrate at the Selected Wavelength Save and/or Apply the Calibration Calibrating For Use With a Tuneable Wavelength Source Select External Source and Input Wavelength Calibrate at the Selected Wavelength Contents-5

12 Saving Wavelength Calibrations Applying A Calibration Applying a Calibration How to Tell If a Calibration is Applied Deleting a Calibration Polarizers Opening the Polarizers Window Selecting a Polarizer Selecting an Internal Polarizer (HP 8509B Only) About Internal Polarizers Selecting an External Polarizer Polarizer Angles and the Poincare Display Using the Shutter (HP 8509B only) Averaging Opening the Averaging Window Selecting Display Averaging About Display Averaging Selecting Measurement Averaging About Measurement Averaging Range Opening the Range Window Selecting Autorange Selecting a Specic Gain State About Range Analog Outputs Opening the Analog Outputs Window DOP and Normalized Stokes Parameters Mode Raw Photodiode Currents Reference Frame Info Opening the Reference Frame Information Window Operation Verication User Interface Reference Main Window Optical Source Setup Calibration Operation Verication PMD: Jones Matrix Eigenanalysis PMD Statistics PMD: Wavelength-Scanning Timed Measurements PDL: Jones Matrix & Jones Matrix PDL: Power Max -Min PM Fiber Launch Marker Angles Contents-6

13 8. Lightwave Connector Care Introduction Cleaning and Handling Denition of Terms Connector Adapter Handling Cleaning Cleaning Non-Lensed Lightwave Connectors Equipment Process Cleaning Lightwave Adapters Equipment Process Cleaning Lensed Connections Storage Making Connections Summary Inspection Visual Inspection Optical Performance Testing Introduction Insertion Loss Return Loss Safety and Regulatory Information Regulations and Licensing Safety Information Environmental Conditions Ventilation Requirements Cleaning Instructions Instrument Conforms Laser Aperture Location Programming Starting Up the System For HP-IB Control HP-IB Overview Bus Structure Data Bus Handshake Lines Control Lines Sending Commands HP-IB For the HP HP-IB to DDE Interface `Command Line' Setup Options /Errors Only /HP8509=<Name of executable> /HP8509TimeOut=<Number of Minutes> HP 8509 Control Frame HP-IB Frame Data Separator Contents-7

14 Contents-8 Cr/Lf Comma HP-IB Exit State Controller Non-Controller Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) Frame Basic Instrument Control Data Requesting Commands Operation Complete Preparing For HP-IB Control Interacting with the HP 8509A/B Through the DDE Establishing DDE Links Sending HP 8509 Commands via DDE Retrieving HP 8509 Data via DDE Measurement Programming Calibrate the Instrument Set Up the Instrument Connect the Device Take Data Transfer Data Remote Command Reference Abbreviations / Denitions Changes from Version 1.2 Software *OPC[?] Cal:Calibrate Disper:Close Source? Source:External? Source:Internal? Common Commands *IDN? *OPC[?] Device Specic Commands Analog? Analog:Done Analog:{ Off Raw Stokes } [?] Angles:{ AB? AC? BC?} Angles:{ Degrees Radians }[?] Angles:Done Angles:{ Off On } Average:Display:{ Off On } Average:Display{? :<NumPoints> } Average:Done Average:Measure{? :<NumPoints> } Cal? Cal:Calibrate Cal:{ Done Save } Cal:Delete:<Wavelength nm> Cal:List? Cal:{ Off On } ClearParams DBase:Close DBase:Compact

15 DBase:Filename? DBase:Open:<"filename"> DBase:Repair Disper Disper? Disper:ActiveWindow? Disper:Atten{? :<dbm value> } Disper:Calibrate Disper:{ Cascade Single }[?] Disper:Chain[?] Disper:Clear Disper:Close Disper:DBase:Load:<"title"> Disper:DBase:Save:<"title"> [ :<"date code"> [ :<"serial number"> ]] Disper:Done Disper:FiberLen{? :<km> } Disper:FindMinPoints[:<Num Samples>] Disper:HPIB[?] Disper:Manual Disper:Manual? Disper:Measure Disper:NewThruCal Disper:Power? Disper:Power:{ dbm uwatt }[:<value>] Disper:Restart Disper:Save:<"filename"> Disper:Settle:{ Point Start }{? :<Delay msec>} Disper:Start Disper:Trace:<"filename"> Disper:Units{? :ps :ps/l :ps/sqrtl :fs :fs/l :fs/sqrtl } Disper:VTune[?] Disper:VTune:{ Start Stop }{? :<Voltage> } Disper:WLen? Disper:WLen:Points{? :<NumPoints> } Disper:WLen:{ Start Stop Delta }{? :<Wavelength nm>} Disper:WLen:Steps{? :<NumPoints> } Display:Angles:{ Off On } Display:Angles:{ Degrees Radians } Display:Power:{ Linear Log } Display:Update{? :<NumPoints> } Drive? Drive:<MS-DOS Drive Spec> GetFile:<"filename"> GetMarker:{ A B C } GetMarker?:{ A B C} Jones? Jones:{ Absolute Relative }[?] Jones:Calibrate[A B C] Jones:Clear Jones:Done Jones:{ External Internal }[?] Contents-9

16 Contents-10 Jones:{ MagRadians MagDegrees RealImag }[?] Jones:Measure[A B C] Jones:NewThruCal Jones:ReStart Load:Config:Preset Load:Config:<"filename"> Load:Single:<"filename"> OperVer[?] OperVer:{ Start Cancel Done } PdlMaxMin[?] PdlMaxMin:{ Max Min } PdlMaxMin:Delta? PdlMaxMin:{ Reset Clear Done } Poincare:Center:{ Stokes A B C} Poincare:Clear Poincare:Hold:{ Off On } Poincare:Marker:{ A B C } Poincare:Marker:Clear Polarizer:{ A B C None } [?] Polarizer:Angle{ A B C }{? :<Degree Value> } Polarizer:Done Polarizer:{ External Internal } PolDep? PolDep:{ Absolute Relative }[?] PolDep:Calibrate[A B C] PolDep:Clear PolDep:Done PolDep:{ Internal External }[?] PolDep:{ JonesData? PolDepData? } PolDep:{ JonesMode PolDepMode }[?] PolDep:{ MagRadians MagDegrees RealImag }[?] PolDep:Measure[A B C] PolDep:NewThruCal PolDep:ReStart PolMarker:{ A B C} PolMarker?:{ A B C} Range:Auto{? :Off :On } Range:{ Done Down Up } Range{? :<GainValue> } RawDat? RefFrame? RefFrame:{ Off On }[?] RefFrame:{ 2pt 3pt }[?] Save:Config:<"filename"> Save:Disper:<"filename"> Save:Jones:<"filename"> Save:PolDep:<"filename"> Save:Single:<"filename"> SerialNum? SetMarker:<S0>:<s1>:<s2>:<s3>:{ A B C } Single

17 Single:Done Single:DBase:Load:<"title"> Single:DBase:Save:<"title"> [ :<"date code"> [ :<"serial number">]] Single:Freq{? :<Hertz> } Single:Mode{? :Single :Timed :FreeRun } Single:Period{? :<Seconds> } Single:Points{? :<NumPoints> } Single:Start Source? Source:External? Source:External:{ Off On } Source:External:<Wavelength nm> Source:HPIB[?] Source:Hpib:{ Off On <Wavelength nm> } Source:Internal? Source:Internal:{ Off } Source:Manual[?] Source:Shutter? Source:Shutter:{ Off On } Source:VTune[?] Source:VTune:{ Start Stop }{? :<Voltage> } Status? Stokes:<NumPoints> Stokes?:<NumPoints> TLS? TLS:Address{? :<HP-IB Address> } TLS:Isc{? :<HP-IB card ISC> } TLS:Power{? :<Power> } TLS:{ SettlePoint SettleStart }{? :<Millisec's> } TLS:Power:Unit{? :dbm :Watt } Trace:Points:<NumPoints> Version? WaveScan[?] WaveScan:Analysis? WaveScan:Analysis:{ Extrema Peaks }:{ FullScan FirstToLast } WaveScan:Atten{? :<dbm value> } WaveScan:Clear WaveScan:Close WaveScan:DBase:Load:<"title"> WaveScan:DBase:Save:<"title"> [ :<"date code"> [<"serial number"> ]] WaveScan:Feature{? :<Min Feature Size> } WaveScan:FiberLen{? :<km> } WaveScan:Hpib[?] WaveScan:Manual[?] WaveScan:Measure WaveScan:Mode{? :<Mode Constant> } WaveScan:PmdResult{? :Avg :Max :Median} WaveScan:Polarizer{? :A :B :C :None } WaveScan:Power? WaveScan:Power:{ dbm uwatt }[:<value>] WaveScan:Save:<"filename"> Contents-11

18 WaveScan:Settle:{ Point Start }{? :<Delay msec> } WaveScan:Units:{? :ps :ps/l :ps/sqrtl } WaveScan:VTune[?] WaveScan:VTune: { Start Stop }{? :<Voltage> } WaveScan:WLen? WaveScan:WLen:{ Start Stop Delta }{? :<Wavelength nm>} WaveScan:WLen:Points{? :<NumPoints> } Zero Example Programs Specications and Characteristics Warranted Specications Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) Specications, Jones Matrix Eigenanalysis (JME) Method (HP 8509B only) Characteristics Jones Matrix Eigenanalysis PMD Measurement Wavelength Scanning PMD Measurement Comparison Between Jones Matrix Eigenanalysis and Wavelength Scanning Methods Receiver Characteristics Source Characteristics Polarization Dependence, Jones Matrix Method Polarization Dependence, Power Max-Min Method Fiber Size and Analog Output Range Coordinate System and Generation of Right-Hand Circularly Polarized Light Glossary Index Contents-12

19 Figures 1-1. The HP 8509 Basic Measurement Screen The Marker Window Setting a Marker Close Set Marker Window Turn Markers On/O Clear Markers Center Sphere on Marker Marker Zoom and Rotate Clear Trace and Hold and Cal Example of data display for a PMD:JME measurement Measurement Setup System Menu Optical Source Setup Polarizer Selection Polarizer Setup pt Reference Applied Circular Polarization JME Measurement Selection JME Source Setup Segment Selection Find Minimum # of Points Optical Source Setup for PMD: Jones Matrix Eigenanalysis PMD: JME Measurement Start Measurement Results The Measurement Summary The Measurement Annotation Area The Cursor Bar Changing the Measurement Format Changing the Graph's Y-Scale Displaying Data in Tabular Format Displaying Data in a Statistical Format Displaying Data in a Statistical Format PMD Statistics File Menu Printing the PMD:JME Graph Save astext Saving in Database Format Measurement Setup Measurement Start Thru Calibration The Measurement Contents-13

20 2-33. The Results Example of data display for a wavelength-scanning PMD measurement Wavelength-Scanning System Setup Wavelength-Scanning Measurement Selection Optical Source Setup for PMD:Wavelength Scanning PMD: WS Measurement Start Measurement Results The Measurement Summary The Measurement Annotation Area The Cursor Bar Changing the Measurement Format Displaying Data in Tabular Format Printing your Graph Save as Text Saving in Database Format Example of a Jones matrix PDL measurement data display Measurement Setup System Menu Optical Source Setup Polarizer Selection Polarizer Setup pt Reference Applied Circular Polarization Jones Matrix Measurement Selection Jones Matrix Measurement Window Measurement Results Example of a PDL measurement data display Measurement Setup System Menu Optical Source Setup PDL Measurement Selection PDL:Power Max-Min Measurement Window Measurement Results Example of data display for a Jones matrix measurement Measurement Setup System Menu Optical Source Setup Jones Matrix Measurement Selection Jones Matrix Measurement Window Measurement Results Comparing the output Jones Vectors to 3 known input Jones Vectors Jones Matrix Application Example of a Polarization Maintaining Fiber Alignment data display Measurement Setup System Menu Optical Source Setup PM Fiber Launch Measurement Selection PM Fiber Launch Alignment Window How PMF cable launch extension ratio is calculated Example of the results that can be achieved with and without a polarization reference frame Contents-14

21 2-83. Measurement Setup System Menu Optical Source Setup Example of a SOP measurement data display Measurement Setup System Menu Optical Source Setup SOP and DOP Measurement Example Polarization changes with Ex(t) and Ey(t) Elliptical displays of polarization Mathematical description of an elliptical display of polarization Polarization states on a Poincare Sphere Measurement Troubleshooting Matrix The File Menu The Print Menu Customized Printing Example The Save Menu The Save As Window The Load Menu Viewing a Stored Trace on the Poincare Sphere The Load PRESET Conguration Menu The Preset Conrmation Window The Save Menu The File Save As: Congure File Window The Load Menu The Load Window The PRESET Conguration The Show Markers Menu Marker Window Hidden The Show Sphere Menu Poincare Sphere Turned O The Show Ellipse Menu Polarization Ellipse Turned O The Show Sphere <-> Ellipse Menu Sphere and Ellipse Exchanged The Power Display Menu Power Display in Watts Mode The Mark Current Point Menu Mark Current Point Activated The Display Update Menu The Display Update Box The Hold Menu The Hold Function The Clear Trace Menu The Auto Refresh Menu The HP 8509A Optical Source Window The HP 8509B Optical Source Window The Calibration Window The Optical Source Window The Calibration Window The Calibration List Contents-15

22 6-7. The Optical Source Window The Calibration Window The Calibration List Calibration Applied Deleting a Calibration Conrm or Abort the Deletion Process The Polarizers Window The Shutter Menu The Averaging Window The Range Window The Analog Outputs Window No Reference Frame Dened Window Two-Point Reference Frame Information Window Three-Point Reference Frame Information Window The Operation Verication Window for the HP 8509A Laser Aperture Location HP-IB Setup HP-IB to DDE Gateway HP-IB Connections In a Typical Setup Comparison of JME and WS Measurement Methods for Long Optical Fiber Test Contents-16

23 Tables 4-1. Summary of HP 8509 Measurement Results Save/Recall Features Analog Outputs for DOP and Normalized Stokes Parameters Mode Analog Outputs for Raw Diode Currents Mode Main Window Optical Source Setup Calibration Operation Verication PMD: Jones Matrix Eigenanalysis PMD Statistics PMD: Wavelength-Scanning Timed Measurements PDL: Jones Matrix & Jones Matrix PDL: Power Max -Min PDL: Power Max - Min Marker Angles Conventions Maximum Measurable DGD Using JME Delay (HP 8509B) PMD Measurement Uncertainty Using the JME Method (HP 8509B Only) Repeatability of JME PMD Measurement with Fixed Pigtail positions Repeatability of JME PMD Measurement with Randomized Pigtail Positions Minimum Measurable PMD Using the Wavelength Scanning Method Receiver Characteristics Source Characteristics External Source Input Port Characteristics Measurement of Polarization Dependence (HP 8509B Only) Jones Matrix Method Measurement of Polarization Dependence (HP 8509B Only) Power Max - Min Method Other Characteristics Contents-17

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25 1 Getting Started This chapter contains the following sections. Description of the Instrument Installation About This Manual Set The Main Menu The Data Displays (Power, DOP, Ellipse and Poincare Sphere) The Marker Functions Zoom and Rotate 4Clear Trace5 and Hold 45 and Cal Description of the Instrument The HP 8509A/B Lightwave Polarization Analyzer oers high-speed, calibrated polarization measurements of optical signals and components. Installation The lightwave polarization analyzer is precongured at the factory. All that is required to install the system is to unpack the pieces, correctly connect them, and turn them on. Refer to the \Installation" chapter of the HP 8509A/B Installation and Quick Start Guide for complete instructions. The \Installation" chapter also provides instructions for unpacking the system and returning the system to the factory for service. Getting Started 1-1

26 About This Manual Set The HP 8509A/B manual set is made up of three documents. HP 8509A/B Lightwave Polarization Installation Quick Reference Card Installation and Quick Start Guide User's/Reference Guide (this manual) contains an installation procedure. contains an installation procedure, and an operation verication procedure to ensure that your analyzer is operating properly. this is the main manual for the lightwave polarization analyzer. This manual is described in detail later in this chapter. This guide uses the following conventions: 4Button5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Menu Item This represents a button that can be selected on the computer screen to perform an action. This indicates a menu item that can be selected on the computer screen. 1-2 Getting Started

27 HP 8509A/B User's/Reference Guide Table of Contents (this manual) This manual contains the following chapters. 1. Getting Started describes the HP 8509A/B manual set, and provides a description of the Main Menu screen of the software. 2. Making Measurements provides step-by-step instructions for making the following measurements. 3. Accuracy Enhancement and Troubleshooting 4. Printing, Saving, and Recalling Measurement Results and Instrument Congurations Polarization Mode Dispersion: Jones Matrix Eigenanalysis Method (PMD JME) Polarization Mode Dispersion: Wavelength-Scanning Method (PMD WS) Polarization Dependent Loss: Jones Matrix (PDL JM) Polarization Dependent Loss: Power Max-Min Method Jones Matrix Polarization Maintaining Fiber Alignment Polarization Reference Frame State of Polarization Degree of Polarization provides procedures for improving the accuracy of measurements and solving measurement problems. provides information about the items in the File menu. 5. The Display Menu provides a description of the items in the Display menu. 6. The System Menu provides a description of the items in the System menu. 7. User Interface Reference shows each control and display, the path to reach it, and a description of what it does. 8. Lightwave Connector Care provides information on caring for the analyzer's connectors. 9. Safety and Regulatory Information provides licensing, safety, regulatory, cleaning, and environmental information. 10. Programming provides guidance for programming problems. 11. Specications and Characteristics Glossary Index Appendix provides performance specications and characteristics of the lightwave polarization analyzer. provides an alphabetized list of terms and their denitions. provides an alphabetized list of terms with page number references. This is a subject index. provides specialized background information. Getting Started 1-3

28 The Main Menu This chapter describes the functions that are available from the basic measurement screen. Subsequent chapters describe functions that are accessed through the main menu shown in this screen. The main menu selections are: Figure 1-1. The HP 8509 Basic Measurement Screen File Edit Measurement Display System Help Most of the menu items under this selection are explained in the \Printing, Saving, and Recalling Measurement Results and Instrument Congurations" chapter of this manual. This selection allows you to copy the display or a measurement window to the Clipboard. The measurement selections are discussed in the \Measurement Applications" chapter of this manual. The items in the Display menu are discussed in \The Display Menu" chapter of this manual. The system functions are described in the \The System Menu" chapter of this manual. The online help function is not available at this time. 1-4 Getting Started