Modelling atomization with phase change

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Modelling atomization with phase change B. Duret, J. Reveillon and Demoulin F.X. www.cfdandco.com CORIA UMR CNRS 6614 Univ.

1 Modelling atomization with phase change B. Duret, J. Reveillon and Demoulin F.X. CORIA UMR CNRS 6614 Univ. & INSA de ROUEN ARCHER code CORIA A. Berlemont T. Ménard Numerical Modeling of Liquid-Vapor Interfaces in Fluid Flows 1/20

Injection through a generalized multi-phase framework

2 MARIE SKŁODOWSKA-CURIE ACTIONS Innovative Training Networks (ITN) HAoS Holistic Approach of Spray Injection through a generalized multi-phase framework Numerical Modeling of Liquid-Vapor Interfaces in Fluid Flows 2/20

Direct simulation and modelling DNS [1] A. Berlemont, T. Ménard, S.

atomization models from DNS data P.A. Beau, R.

Menard et al, International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 2007. [2] J.

3 Direct simulation and modelling DNS [1] A. Berlemont, T. Ménard, S. Tanguy Understand the underlying physics of turbulent atomization Elaborate atomization models from DNS data P.A. Beau, R. Lebas RANS [3-4] LES [2] ELSA model [1] T. Menard et al, International Journal of Multiphase Flow, [2] J. Chesnel et al, Atomization and Spray, 2011 [3] R. Lebas et al, International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 2009 [4] A.Vallet, R. Borghi, C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, Sér. II b, ELSA model J. Chesnel, N. Hecht 3

ARCHER code Diesel injection Triple disk Liquid Film ARCHER code

Consistent mass (VOF)-momentum fluxes ρρ ll [1] T.

4 ARCHER code Diesel injection Triple disk Liquid Film ARCHER code : T. Ménard, A. Berlemont DNS/LES code, MPI parallelization Level Set/VOF/Ghost Fluid method coupling Solve incompressible NS equations Consistent mass (VOF)-momentum fluxes ρρ ll [1] T. Menard et al, International Journal of Multiphase Flow, ρρ gg Numerical Modeling of Liquid-Vapor Interfaces in Fluid Flows 4/20

5 Comparison with experiment The agreement on the shape of the jet is very satisfactory LEGI - A. Delon, A. Cartellier Ug=22.6m/s, Ul=0.27m/s Air/Eau Experiment on left, simulation on right Numerical Modeling of Liquid-Vapor Interfaces in Fluid Flows 5/20 1/ 1

ELSA RANS [A.Vallet, R. Borghi, C. R. Acad. Sci.

$of Multiphase Flow, 2009 φφ ll : liquid volume fraction$ φφ ll φφ ll tt : Turbulent diffusion + (Slip vel.

collision, breakup, vaporization h ll : liquid enthalpy

6 ELSA RANS [A.Vallet, R. Borghi, C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, Sér. II b, 1999.] F.X. Demoulin J. Réveillon R. Lebas et al., Intern. J. of Multiphase Flow, 2009 φφ ll : liquid volume fraction φφ ll φφ ll tt : Turbulent diffusion + (Slip vel.) : surface density tt : turbulent stretching, collision, breakup, vaporization h ll : liquid enthalpy variation A. Sou et al, ILASS Europe 2011 Numerical Modeling of Liquid-Vapor Interfaces in Fluid Flows 6/20

Reveillon, T. Menard, and F.X. Demoulin, Large eddy simulation of liquid jet atomization.

7 128 2 x1024 LES: under-resolved dynamic and ICM [1] 32 2 x256 Low resolution Low dispersion Low resolution Numerical interface stabilization [1] J. Chesnel, J. Reveillon, T. Menard, and F.X. Demoulin, Large eddy simulation of liquid jet atomization. Atomization and Sprays, 21(9): p , 2011 Numerical Modeling of Liquid-Vapor Interfaces in Fluid Flows 7/20

8 A priori test on phase function equation φφ ll tt + uu jj φφ ll xx jj = ττ φφ jj xx jj ττ φφjj = uu jj φφ uu jj φφ = uu jj ll uu jj uu jj φφ But: ττ φφjj 0 ττ φφjj = RRRRRRRRRRRR mmmmmmmmmmmm DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD + CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC mmmmmmmmmmmm SSSSSSSS Atomized zones iso- =0.5, τ ϕi neglected iso- =0.5, ττ φφii considered Numerical Modeling of Liquid-Vapor Interfaces in Fluid Flows 8/20

To combine resolved and under resolved approaches ττ φφjj = RRRRRRRRRRRR mmmmmmmmmmmm DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD J. Chesnel et al., Atomization and Spray, 2011! Incompatibility issue!

9 To combine resolved and under resolved approaches ττ φφjj = RRRRRRRRRRRR mmmmmmmmmmmm DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD J. Chesnel et al., Atomization and Spray, 2011! Incompatibility issue! Subgrid term ICM φφ ll tt + uu jj φφ ll xx jj = ττ φφ jj xx jj Subgrid Term ICM Method VOF, Level Set φφ ll tt + uu jjφφ ll xx jj + CC ααuu CCCC φφ ll (1 φφ ll ) xx jj ICM interfoam = (1- CC αα )ττ φφjj Numerical Modeling of Liquid-Vapor Interfaces in Fluid Flows 9/20

10 Sensor: Interface Resolution Quality (IRQ) Surface density ΣΣ : IRQ = mmmmmm : Resolved interface Total interface(elsa) Curvature κ : IIIIQQ kk = 1 2κκ xx Numerical Modeling of Liquid-Vapor Interfaces in Fluid Flows 10/20

11 ICM combined with subgrid modelling CC αα = 11 CC αα Unresolved ICM ELSA- LES Numerical Modeling of Liquid-Vapor Interfaces in Fluid Flows 11/20

12 ICM + ELSA + Lagrange Dynamic adaptive numerical methods Resolved Interface Under Resolved Interface Subgrid Spray Numerical Modeling of Liquid-Vapor Interfaces in Fluid Flows 12/20

of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2010 Flash Atomization

13 Mass transfer: Evaporation, Cavitation, Flash Boiling Evaporation Cavitation P.G. Aleiferis et al. Int. J. of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2010 Flash Atomization Numerical Modeling of Liquid-Vapor Interfaces in Fluid Flows 13/20

Aslam, Journal of Computational Physics, 2004 [3] Duret et al., Int. J. of Multiphase Flow, 2011 [4] A. Sou et al. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 2007 [5] F.

14 Numerical Issues Tanguy et al, J.Comp. Physics, 2007, [1] G. Huber et al., J. Comp. Physics, 2015 Z Yv = Y (saturation) v B. Duret Mass Transfer. UU 0 Pressure based Ghost Fluid method [2] DNS Analysis Running Modelling [3] At the interface. UU TT, Y [2] T. Aslam, Journal of Computational Physics, 2004 [3] Duret et al., Int. J. of Multiphase Flow, 2011 [4] A. Sou et al. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 2007 [5] F. Örley et al., Physics of Fluids, 2015 Bulk compressibility. UU P [4] [5] Density based + Equilibrium? Pr. Saurel tomorrow 10h00 Numerical Modeling of Liquid-Vapor Interfaces in Fluid Flows 14/20

$of Multiphase Flow, 2011 Liquid volume fraction$ =5% Distance to Interface [m] Numerical

15 Scalar field,. UU = 00 B. Duret et al., Int. J. of Multiphase Flow, 2011 Liquid volume fraction =5% Distance to Interface [m] Numerical Modeling of Liquid-Vapor Interfaces in Fluid Flows 15/20

16 Volume production, UU and pressure Based on compressible OpenFOAM solver + source term Recast mass to volume fraction equations tt αα ll + αα ll UU = αα ll ρρ ll DD tt ρρ ll + tt αα vv + αα vv UU = αα vv ρρ DD tt ρρ vv mm vv ρρ vv tt αα nnnn + αα nnnn UU = αα nnnn ρρ DD tt ρρ nnnn nnnn Velocity divergence (assuming linear compressibility: ρρ ii = ρρ i0 + ψψ ii pp ) mm ρρ ll UU = αα llψψ ll ρρ ll + αα vvψψ vv ρρ vv + αα nnnnψψ nnnn ρρ nnnn DD tt pp + mm 1 ρρ ll 1 ρρ vv Solve velocity field UU with approximate pressure UU Pressures correction : UU UU = 1 tt ρρ pp UU + tt ρρ pp = UU= αα llψψ ll ρρ ll + αα vvψψ vv ρρ vv + αα nnnnψψ nnnn ρρ nnnn DD tt pp + mm 1 ρρ ll 1 ρρ vv Numerical Modeling of Liquid-Vapor Interfaces in Fluid Flows 16/20

17 Diffusion between gaseous phases Vs interface tracking method Transport equation of specie volume fraction: tt φ ii + UUφ ii + φ ii 1 φ ii UU iiii = D φ ii CG (compressed gradient) Diffusion UU iiii CG Diff = 0 vapor air CG =0 Diff liquid Gas liquid CG Diff = 0 17 Numerical Modeling of Liquid-Vapor Interfaces in Fluid Flows 17/20

$fraction Numerical Modeling of$

18 Water injection in a chamber with half vapor and half air: volume fraction Numerical Modeling of Liquid-Vapor Interfaces in Fluid Flows 18/20

we take into account a weak production of vapor When the liquid is injected in a vapor chamber, the vapor is condensed at the

19 Water injection in a chamber with half vapor and half air: liquid mass transfer rate Cavitation areas : - local pressure < psat - malphal < 0 means that the liquid is destructed to be transformed into vapor At the interface between air and liquid, we take into account a weak production of vapor When the liquid is injected in a vapor chamber, the vapor is condensed at the interface since the atmospheric pressure > psat Air side Vapor side Numerical Modeling of Liquid-Vapor Interfaces in Fluid Flows 19/20

20 Conclusion and perspectives HAoS :Holistic Approach of Spray Injection through a generalized multi-phase framework Possible Project? To take advantage of both : Advance multiphase flow compressible method Advance interface treatment for multiphase flow Numerical Modeling of Liquid-Vapor Interfaces in Fluid Flows 20/20

Prim ary break-up: DNS of liquid jet to improve atomization m odelling

Computational Methods in Multiphase Flow III 343 Prim ary break-up: DNS of liquid jet to improve atomization m odelling T. Ménard, P. A. Beau, S. Tanguy, F. X. Demoulin & A. Berlemont CNRS-UMR6614-CORIA,