Mastering EES. Sanford Klein and Gregory Nellis. Spatial temperature gradient (K/m) Temperature (K) x Time (s)

Transcription

1 Mastering EES Sanford Klein and Gregory Nellis Spatial temperature gradient (K/m) x x=0.25 cm 3 x=0.5 cm x=0.75 cm 2 x=1.0 cm x=1.5 cm 1 x=2.0 cm Time (s) 400 Temperature (K) MPa 8 MPa 6 MPa 4 MPa Specific entropy (J/kg-K)

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION TO EES Acquiring and Installing EES... 1 Acquiring EES... 1 Installing EES... 2 Silent Installation... 3 Online Help Entering and Solving Equations... 6 Entering Equations... 6 The Solutions Window... 8 Decimal vs Comma Separator... 8 The Variable Palette and Information dialog... 9 Guess Values Limits Display Format Rules for Entering Equations Comments Built-In Math and String Functions External Functions and Procedures String Variables The $TabStops Directive Showing Values and Setting Variable Units in the Equations Window The Status Bar Equations and Display Preferences The Formatted Equations Window The Splitter Bar Password Protection Key Variables Parametric Tables Creating a Parametric Table Alter Values Solving a Parametric Table Formatting Columns The $If, $IfNot, $Else, and $EndIf Directives Naming and Documenting Parametric Tables Saving and Loading Parametric Tables Basic Plotting Generating a Plot Modifying Axes Overlaying Plots Modifying Plots Automatic Update Error Bars The Plot Tool Bar... 42

3 The Cross-Hairs, Move, and Zoom Tools Units Unit System Entering Units Dual Units Units Recognized by EES Checking Units Automatically Setting Units The Convert Function The Units List Suggested Method for Working with Units The ConvertTemp Function Adding Units Using String Variables for Units Printing Printing a Hard Copy Copying Equations LaTeX Report Arrays Assigning Array Variables Array Range Notation Two-Dimensional Arrays The Array Editor The Duplicate Statement Arrays in the Variable Information dialog Purge Unused Variables Lookup Tables Creating a Lookup Table Entering Data Using Equations Saving and Loading Lookup Tables Lookup Commands Other Features Built-In Constants Adding Constants The Calculator Window Preferences and Syntax Hightlighting References CURVE FITTING & INTERPOLATION Curve Fitting Curve Fitting Plotted Data Curve Fitting Array Data Linear Regression Selecting the Equation Form Equation Statistics Regression Plot... 92

4 Copying the Regression Equation The $CheckUnits Directive One Dimensional Interpolation Two Dimensional Interpolation The Interpolate2D Function The Interpolate2DM Function FUNCTIONS AND PROCEDURES Equations and Assignment Statements The Assignment Operator Functions Format of Functions First Example of a Function Second Example of a Function Setting and Checking Units for Function Variables Variable Information Page for Function Procedures Format of Procedures Example of a Procedure Logic Statements If-Then-Else Statements Return Statements GoTo Statements and Statement Labels Repeat-Until Construct Case Statements Statements Units in Functions and Procedures Arrays in Functions and Procedures Arrays as Arguments Using the $Common Directive to Access Arrays Using the $Constant Directive to Set Array Limits Arrays Table Window for Functions and Procedures Using Lookup Tables The Beep and Print Commands The Warning and Error Procedures The Warning Procedure The Error Procedure References PROPERTY DATA Unit System Unit System Dialog Specific Properties on a Molar vs Mass Basis The $UnitSystem Directive Unit Settings in the Status Bar Importance of Unit Selection Function Information Property Functions for Real Fluids and Mixtures Calling Protocol for Property Function

5 List of Property Functions The RealThermoProps Procedure Built-in Real Fluids Property Indicators Fixing the State Two-Phase State The Example Box Vapor Compression Cycle Example Equations of State Properties of Water The Reference State The $Reference Directive Property Functions for Ideal Gases The Ideal Gas Model List of Ideal Gas Fluids Ideal Gas vs Real Gas Fluids The NASA Ideal Gas Database The FluidType$ Function The Ideal Gas Reference State & Chemical Reactions Psychrometric Properties The Fluid AirH2O Properties Specific to Psychrometrics List of Psychrometric Properties List of Indicators for Psychrometric Properties Psychrometrics Example Property Plots The Property Plot Dialog Property Plots for Real Fluids Property Plots for Ideal Gases Psychrometric Plots Property Plots for Brines Overlaying States onto Property Plots Brine Properties Brine Property Functions Brine Fluid Mixtures Using the Brine Property Functions The BrineProp2 External Procedure Incompressible Substances Incompressible Property Functions Using the Incompressible Property Functions Solid_Liquid_Props Library File (deprecated) Incompressible Property Tables Adding Incompressible Property Data NH3H2O (Ammonia-Water) Property Data in External Procedures The IdealGasMixtureProps Library Procedure

6 The NASA Library Ammonia-Water Properties Sea Water Properties Bromide-Water and Lithium Chloride-Water Properties The GENEOS Library The Peng-Robinson Library The EES_REFPROP Interface Adding Property Information Providing Data in Lookup Tables Providing Ideal Gas Property Data Providing Real Fluid Property Data represented by the Martin-Hou Equation of State References CONVERGENCE AND DEBUGGING Solution Methodology Used in EES Numerical Solution of One Non-Linear Equation Stopping Criteria Numerical Solution of Simultaneous Non-Linear Equations Blocking and Reordering Equation Sets The Residuals Window Blocks Residuals Units Calls and Time Procedures in the Residuals Window The Computational Flow Window Setting Guess Values and Limits The Variable Information dialog Setting Guess Values and Limits using Variables Arrays in the Variable Information dialog Changing Variable Names Variable Information Files Using Arrays as Guess Values and Limits Default Variable Information Using the Debug Window Incorrect Degrees of Freedom Constrained Solution Debugging Techniques Effective Use of EES The Update Guesses Command and Directive The Residuals or Computational Flow Window as a Debugging Tool Common Problems The $Trace Directive References OPTIMIZATION One-Dimensional Optimization Implementing an Optimization Problem

7 Objective Function Degrees of Freedom The Min/Max Dialog Stopping Criteria Guess Value and Bounds The Golden Section Search The Quadratic Approximations Optimization Method Min/Max Table Multi-Dimensional Optimization The Conjugate Directions Method The Variable Metric Method The Nelder-Mead Simplex Method The DIRECT Algorithm The Genetic Method Constrained Optimization Implementing Constraints using Bounds Parameterizing Variables Penalty Function Other uses for Optimization Solving Difficult Sets of Equations Curve Fitting References INTEGRATION Numerical Integration of Ordinary Differential Equation Example ODE Analytical Solution Discretizing Time Euler s Technique (First Order Explicit) Heun's Method (Second Order Explicit) The Fully Implicit Method (First Order Implicit) The Crank-Nicolson Method (Second Order Implicit) Equation-Based Integral Function Calling Protocol for the Integral Command Entering the State Equations Carrying out the Integration The Integral Table Adaptive Step Size Integrating Simultaneous ODEs The IntegralValue Command Double Integration Multiple Integral Tables Table-Based Integral Function Solving Partial Differential Equations UNCERTAINTY PROPAGATION Uncertainty Propagation using the RSS Method The Root Sum Square Method

8 Example of the RSS Method Uncertainty Propagation in EES Assigning Uncertainties to Measured Variables Determining the Uncertainties of Calculated Variables UncertaintyOf Function Uncer.Pardif and Uncert.Percent Functions Uncertainty Propagation in Tables Uncertainty Propagation Table Plotting Data with Uncertainties Uncertainty Propagation with Lookup Tables Uncertainty Propagation in Integrals ADVANCED PLOTTING Two-Dimensional Plots Point Labels Dual Axis Scales for Two-Dimensional Plots The Cross-Hairs Tool Bar Plots Controlling the Appearance of Bar Plots Overlays on Bar Plots Bar Plots using String Values Side-by-Side Bar Plots Plotting Dates Polar Plots Modifying the Appearance of Polar Plots Using Variables as Axis Limits Copying and Saving Plots Naming and Documenting Plots Plot Templates Time Sequence Plots Creating the Initial Plot Activating the Time Sequence Display Assigning Frame Numbers to Data Series Assigning Frame Numbers to Objects Making a Movie Three-Dimensional Plots Three Column Data Isometric Lines Contour Plot Color Bands Contour Plot Gradient Plot Three-Dimensional Surface Plot and Control Panel Two-Dimensional Table Data D Points Plots Plot Thumbnails Window References SUBPROGRAMS and MODULES Subprograms

9 Format of a Subprogram Solution and Residuals Windows Guess Values and Limits of Inputs and Outputs Subprograms with the Integral Command Subprograms to Determine the Limit of an Integral Modules Module Execution The Solution Window The Residuals Window Guess Values and Limits of Inputs and Outputs Should you use Subprograms or Modules? References INTERNAL LIBRARY FILES Writing and Saving Library (.lib) Files An Example Library File Function Units in Library File Functions Testing a Library File Function Saving Functions as a Library File Loading and Using Library Files EES Library Routines in the Function Information Dialog Libraries in the Userlib (Userlib64) Folder Manually Loading Library Files Help for Library Files Using a Dedicated Help File Application Library Files Contents of an Application Library Folder Table of Contents File The Textbook Menu The Library Manager References THE HEAT TRANSFER LIBRARY Boiling and Condensation Compact Heat Exchangers Compact Heat Exchanger Data Organization of the Compact Heat Exchanger Library Non-Dimensional Functions Geometry Functions Coefficient of Heat Transfer Functions Pressure Drop Functions Conduction Shape Factors Convection Internal Forced Convection External Forced Convection Free Convection Impinging Jets Regenerator Packings

10 12.5 Fin Efficiency Fouling Factors Heat Exchangers Log Mean Temperature Difference Solutions Effectiveness-NTU Solutions Axial Conduction and Regenerator Models Radiation View Factors Total Hemispherical Emissivity Transient Conduction Pipe Dimensions Minor Losses and Flow Measurement References COMPLEX ALGEBRA Introduction to Complex Algebra in EES Assigning Complex Variables in Rectangular Form Assigning Complex Variables in Polar Form Units of Complex Variables The Variable Information dialog Complex Algebra Functions Specific to Complex Variables Built-In Functions and Complex Variables Complex Algebra Example Parametric Table The $Real Directive Subprograms DIRECTIVES Directives related to Display & Formatting Options $Allow // $Arrays $Bookmark $DiagramUpdate On/Off $HideWindow $Private $ShowWindow $SumRow $Syntax $TabStops $Warnings Directives related to Units $CheckUnits $UnitSystem Directives for Code Segments $Common $Constant Directives related to Complex Algebra $Complex

11 $Real Directives related to Saving & Copying Data $CopyToLookup $Export $ExportPlot $Import $OpenLookup $SaveLookup $SaveTable $SaveVarInfo Directives related to Program Execution & Debugging $ClearLookup 'LookupTableName' /C1..3 /R $ClearParametric 'ParametricTableName' /A /R $DefaultArraySize= $DoLast & $EndDoLast $If, $IfNot, $Else & $EndIf $Include $Input $IntegralAutoStep $IntegralTable $Load 'Component Library' $MaxCalls $Reference $RunMacroAfter StopCriteria $Trace $UpdateGuesses $VarInfo References THE DIAGRAM WINDOW Placing Graphic Objects in the Diagram Window Development and Application Modes Graphical Objects from a Drawing Program Graphical Objects Drawn in the Diagram Window Drawing and Modifying Lines and Arrows Drawing and Modifying Rectangles Drawing and Modifying Ellipses or Circles Drawing and Modifying Polylines and Polygons Accessing the Diagram Window Palette Placing Text Items in the Diagram Window Entering Plain Text Entering Formatted Text Entering Input and Output Variables An Example of a Graphical User Interface Entering Input Numerical Variables from the Diagram Window Displaying Output Variables on the Diagram Window

12 Limits on Input Variables Entering Input String Variables from the Diagram Window Mapping String Variables in a Drop-Down List to Equations The Find Command Copying and Resizing the Diagram Window The Copy Command in Application Mode The Copy Command in Development Mode Change Window Size Dialog Clearing the Diagram Window Adding Calculate, Print, Plot Access, and Help buttons Adding a Calculate Button Moving and Resizing the Calculate Button Calculate Button Characteristics Dialog Adding a Print Button Adding a Plot Access Button Showing a Plot on the Diagram Window Adding a Help Button Child Diagram Windows Creating a Child Diagram Window How to Modify Child Diagram Property Information How to Access a Diagram Window from another Diagram Window Other Professional Version Enhancements Group and Ungroup Selected Items Buttons Align Selected Items Button Showing a Grid on the Diagram Window Creating Links Adding an Audio-Visual Item Saving and Loading User Inputs Add Check Box Item Creating and Using Radio Button Groups Using Sliders for Inputting Values Allowing Equations in Diagram Input fields Entering a Filename into a String Variable Converting Units for Inputs and Outputs in the Diagram Window DIAGRAM WINDOW ANIMATION Controlling the Attributes of Diagram Window Objects Attributes of Rectangle and Ellipse/Circle Objects Attributes of Line Objects Attributes of Polyline and Polygon Objects Attributes of Text Objects Attributes of Button, Radio Group and Check box Objects Showing and Hiding Diagram Window Objects Setting Attributes within the Diagram Window Setting Attributes with Text Drop Down Lists Setting Attributes with a Check Box Object Setting Attributes with a Radio Button Group

13 Controlling the Equations Window with Check Boxes and Radio Button Groups Improving the Response Time of Diagram Window Controls Exchanging Inputs and Outputs Using Parametric and Integral Tables for Animations Setting up an Animation Using the Parametric Table Saving Animation Files for the Generation of a Movie Setting up an Animation Using the Integral Table DISTRIBUTABLE PROGRAMS Distributable Program Setup and Startup Dialog Setting Distributable File Information Completing the Distributable File Internet-Enabled Distributable Programs Creating a Distributable Program Installing the EESws Web Server on a Server Computer Starting and Running EESws Modifying the Firewall Parameters Running a Distributable Program with EESws Uninstalling EESws Operating Tips and Trouble-Shooting MACROS The EES Macro Window Creating a Macro in the Macro Window The EES Log File EES Macro Commands Interacting with External Programs using Macros Interacting with Microsoft Excel Interacting with MATLAB Using a Macro for Serial Port Communications Basic Communication with the Arduino UNO Logging Data to a Lookup Table and Plotting Executing EES Macros from External Programs Executing an EES Macro File from the Windows Run dialog Executing an EES Macro File from MATLAB Executing an EES Macro File from Excel Executing an EES Macro File from LabView Executing an EES Macro File from DELPHI Interacting with EES using Dynamic Data Exchange Dynamic Data Exchange with Excel Dynamic Data Exchange with MATLAB Dynamic Data Exchange with DELPHI Useful Macro Examples EXTERNAL FUNCTIONS AND PROCEDURES EES External Functions (.dlf files) External Functions written in C EES External Procedures - Type 1 (.dlp files)

14 Type 1 External Procedures written in Pascal Type 2 External Procedures written in C EES External Procedures - Type 2 (.fdl files) Type 2 (.fdl procedure) with the MinGW Open Source GCC Fortran Compiler Multiple Files in a Single Library File (.dll or.dll64) Managing External Library Files Loading External Library Files Providing Help for External Library Files External Python Procedures THE REPORT WINDOW Creating the Report Inserting EES Variables Inserting EES Plots THE COMPONENT LIBRARY Summary of the Component Library Appendix A: Built-In Mathematical Functions Appendix B: Built-In String Functions Appendix C: Directives Appendix D: Macro Commands Appendix E: Overriding Default Behavior Appendix F: EES File Types Appendix G: The 64-bit Professional version Index