Solution Set(Reference Book - Programming with c By Byron Gottfried Thrid Edition)

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1 (2½ Hours) [Total Marks: 75 N. B.: (1) All questions are compulsory. (2) Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary and state the assumptions made. (3) Answers to the same question must be written together. (4) Numbers to the right indicate marks. (5) Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary. (6) Use of Non-programmable calculators is allowed. Solution Set(Reference Book - Programming with c By Byron Gottfried Thrid Edition) 1. Attempt any three of the following: a. List various techniques for the development of a program? Explain any one with suitable example.(pg ) Program writing is a systematic process. It is not all about coding only. It requires a certain methodology. Threre are three commonly used representation for the development of a program as given below: 1.Algorithm 2.Pseudo-code 3. Flow chart Any one of the above can be explained with example. b. What is program development life cycle? Explain its various stages. Page Programmer for developing a program can not directly start any program or project. Programmer has to understand whole program or project. He should analyse the sequence and flow of the program. Following are the steps in program development life cycle. 1. Understand the problem 2. plan the logic 3. code the program 4. use software 5. Program Testing 6. Put the program into production 7. Maintain the program Explanation of all the above points should be given. c. Discuss desirable program characteristics. (pg ) Explanation of following points should be given Integrity Clarity Simplicity Efficiency Modularity Generality d. Define keywords and identifiers in C language? Also differentiate between keywords and identifiers. Page 2.3

2 e. What is a constant? List various constants in C. Explain any two in detail with suitable examples. Page f. Assume that your version of c can recognize only first eight characters of an identifier name, though identifier names may be arbitrarily long. Which of the following pairs of identifier names are considered to be identical and which are distinct? (i) Address, address (ii) name, names (iii) list1, list2 (iv) answer, ANSWER (v) identifier_1, identifier_2 Ans. (i) Distinct (ii) Distinct (iii) Distinct (iv)distinct (v) Identical 2. Attempt any three of the following: 15 a. What do you understand from hierarchy/precedence of operators? What is the hierarchy of operators in c? Ans. Chapter-3, Page The order in which various operators are executed is known as hierarchy or precedence of operators. Order of execution of operators should be written in tabular form. b. Explain the purpose and use of following operators with suitable examples (i) == and = (ii) Conditional operator (? :) Ans. Chapter3, Page , Page Page c. A c program contains the following declarations and initial assignments int i=8, j=5; float x=0.005, y=-0.01; Determine the value of each of the following expressions (i) 2*(i/5)+(4*(j-3)) % (i+j-2) (ii) (x>y)&&(i>0) (j<5); Ans. (i) 10 (ii) 1 d. Summarize the meaning of commonly used conversion characters within the control string of a scanf() function. Ans. Chapter 4, Page (minimum four conversion characters should be explained) e. A c program contains the following variable declarations float a=2.5, b=0.0005, c= 3000.; Show the output from following printf statements (i) printf( %f %f %f,a,b,c); (ii) printf( %3f %3f %3f,a,b,c); (iii) printf( %8f %8f %8f,a,b,c); (iv) printf( %8.4 f %8.4f %8.4f,a,b,c); (v) printf( %e %e %e,a,b,c); Ans. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) e e e+003 f. Write an interactive c program to find roots of a quadratic equation ax 2 +bx+c=0 and roots are given by -b± (b 2-4c)/2a. //Find roots of a quadratic equation

3 #include<stdio.h> #include<math.h> float a,b,c,root1,root2,d, printf( \nenter value of a: ); scanf( %f,&a); printf( \nenter value of b: ); scanf( %f,&b); printf( /nenter value of c: ); scanf( %f,&c); D=b*b-4*a*c; If(D==0) Root1=-b/(2*a); Root2=Root1; printf( \nroots are equal ); printf( \nroot1=%f\troot2=%f,root1,root2); else if(d>0) Root1=(-b+sqrt(b*b -4*a*c))/(2*a); Root2=(-b-sqrt(b*b -4*a*c))/(2*a); printf( \nroots are real and distinct: ); printf( \nroot1=%f\troot2=%f,root1,root2); else Printf( \nroots are imaginary ); 3. Attempt any three of the following: 15 a. What do you understand from control statements? Explain branching, selection and looping in brief. Ans. Chapter 6- Page 5.21 b. Differentiate between while and do while loop with suitable examples. When to use which loop? Ans. Chapter6, Page , 6.4 c. How many times following loops will be executed in the following codes (i)for(i=10;i<=25;i++). (ii)int i=0,n=10; while(i<=n) Sum+=i; (iii)for(i=0,j=10;i<10;i++,j--) (iv)for(i=100;i>70;i=i-2).

4 . (v)int i=1,n=5; while(i<=10). If(i==n) break; i++; Ans. (i) 16 (ii) infinite (iii) 10 (iv) 15 (v) 5 d. Predict the output of following c codes (i)int i; for(i=0;i<=2;i++) switch(i) case 1:printf( %d,i); case 2:printf( %d,i); default:printf( %d,i); (ii)void swap(int, int); int x=20,y=10; swap(x,y); printf( %d, %d,y,x); void swap(int x, int y) int temp; temp=x; x=y; y=temp; Ans. (i) (ii)10,20 e. What is a function? Explain the purpose of function prototype, function call and function definition in a c program. Ans. Chapter 7, page7.2,7.10 f. What is recursion? Write a recursive function to calculate factorial of a number. Ans. Chapter 7, Page Attempt any three of the following: 15 a What do you understand from storage classes? List various storage classes? Explain any two. Ans. Chapter 8, Page 8.1 b What is the purpose of a static function in a multifile program? Explain with suitable example. Ans. Chapter 8, Page 8.5 c What are preprocessors in c language? List various preprocessors and explain #if- #else-#endif preprocessor directive with suitable example. Ans. Chapter 15, Page d What is a macro? Summarize the similarities and differences between macros and functions. Ans. Chapter 15, Page e What is an array? How one dimensional arrays can be defined and accessed?

5 f Ans. Chapter 9 Page 8.41 Write a c program to find big number out of given n numbers stored in an array using a function. Ans. //program to find big number using function #include<stdio.h> int Max(int n,int arr[]); int n,a[100],big,i; printf( \nenter number of elements in the array(not more than 100): ); scanf( %d,n); printf( \n Enter %d elements of array: ); for(i=1;i<=n;i++) scanf( %d,&a[i]); big=max(n,a); printf( \nbig number=%d,big); int Max(int n1, int arr[]) int i,large=0; for(i=1;i<=n1;i++) if(arr[i]>large) large=arr[i]; return large; 5. Attempt any three of the following: 15 a. A c program contains following statements int i, j=25; int pi,*pj=&j; *pj=j+5; i=*pj+5; pi=pj; *pi=i+j; Suppose each integer quantity occupies 2 bytes of memory. If the value assigned to i begins at address 1456 and value assigned to j begins at 1458 then (i) What value is represented by &i and &j? (ii) What value is represented by pj and *pj? (iii) What value is assigned to i? (iv) What is the value represented by pi? (v) What value is represented by (pi+2)? Ans. (i) 1456,1458 (ii)1458,65 (iii)35 (iv)1458 (v)1462 b. What is dynamic memory allocation? Explain the use of malloc function with example. Ans. Chapter 11, Page c. Write a c program to perform addition and subtraction of two pointer variables. Ans. //Program to perform addition and subtraction of two pointer variables

6 #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> int n1,n2,*ptr1,*ptr2,sum,sub; printf( \nenter two integers to be added or subtracted: ); scanf( %d%d,&n1,&n2); ptr1=&n1; ptr2=&n2; sum=*ptr1+*ptr2; sub=*ptr1-*ptr2; printf( \nsum=%d,sum); printf( \ndifference=%d,sub); getch(); d. What is a structure? How does a structure differ from an array? Ans. Chapter 12,Page e. What is a union? Differentiate between structure and union? Ans. Chapter 12, Page f. (a) Define a structure of type hms containing three integer members, called hours, minutes and second, respectively. Then define a union containing two members, each a structure of type hms. Call the union members local and home respectively. Declare a pointer variable called time that points to this union. (b) Define a union of type ans which contains an integer quantity called ians, a floating point quantity called fans, a double precision quantity called dans. Then define a structure with members a union of type ans called answer, a single character called flag, integer quantities called a and b. Finally declare two structure variables called x and Y Ans. (a) struct nms int hours; int minute; int second; union struct hms local; struct hms home; *time; (b) union ans int ians; float fans; double dans; ; struct union ans answer; char flag; int a; int b; x,y;

Subject: Fundamental of Computer Programming 2068

Subject: Fundamental of Computer Programming 2068 1 Write an algorithm and flowchart to determine whether a given integer is odd or even and explain it. Algorithm Step 1: Start Step 2: Read a Step 3: Find