Unit 1 Workbook ICS3U

Transcription

1 Unit 1 Workbook ICS3U Huntsville High School Computer Science Ian McTavish Name:

2 Table of Contents Unit Expectations for Evaluation... 3 Assessment Due Dates... 3 February 3, Typing Challenge... 3 February 6 - Your First Program... 4 Programming Primer... 7 Most Popular Programming Languages... 7 Must Include... 7 Format... 7 Due Date... 7 Programming Primer Rubric... 8 Feb 7 Output... 9 Output in a Windows Form Methods vs. Properties Feb 8 Variables, Strings Variables Naming Conventions Strings Complete the following table Feb 9 Input U1D5usingVariablesxxx Labels TextBoxes Button RichTextBox Form Code Tip Feb 10 Data Types Feb 13 Careers Summative Intro Feb 14 Math Operations, Concatenation I McTavish ICS3U Workbook January 30, 2012 Unit 1 1

3 Feb Career Summative Work Periods Feb 21 Programming Challenge Summative Feb 22 Wrap up Unit Works Cited Unit 1 I McTavish ICS3U Workbook January 30, 2012

4 Unit 1 Expectations for Evaluation A1. demonstrate the ability to use different data types, including one-dimensional arrays, in computer programs A4. use proper code maintenance techniques and conventions when creating computer programs C2. use appropriate file maintenance practices to organize and safeguard data D3. describe postsecondary education and career prospects related to computer studies Assessment Due Dates Feb 17 Programming Primer Feb 22 Careers Programming Assignment February 3, 2012 What we re covering today: Welcome course overview Assessment & Evaluation Expectations Computer as a tool, not a toy This is your job, welcome to the work world show up, be prepared, focus, work hard Breaks Room keep it clean Where you can go What to do when you re done an assignment Throughout unit 1 you will be working through this workbook, your programming primer, handouts distributed in class and information from our class website. Please contact Mr. McTavish if you unclear as to what you are to do. Typing Challenge The ability to type quickly with no spelling errors will benefit you in this course. Start off each day with All the Right Type. (Student Applications/Business/All the Right Type). Click the course and your name. Explore the different areas and practice! Goal 1: Errors: 0 Goal 2: Errors: 0 WAM: 20 Goad 3: Errors: 0 WAM: 60 One error resulted in 153 errors in a program! I McTavish ICS3U Workbook January 30, 2012 Unit 1 3

5 February 6 - Your First Program When you start the Visual Studio IDE for the first time, you need to quickly orient yourself around the program. Menu Standard toolbar Start Page Note you can create and open projects here. On the Start Page, click Create Project (on the menu File New Project) Select Windows Forms Application (always ask what type of program it is) Give this program the name u1d2windowsxxx (u1 unit 1, d2 day 2, windows the name of the assignment, xxx replace with your initials. Use this format for all program names note: NO SPACES) 4 February 6 - Your First Program I McTavish ICS3U Workbook January 30, 2012

6 The Solution Explorer is where you can see all the files for your program. Form1.cs is the windows form and should be the only file you use at this point. 2. Form Designer This is what your form actually looks like. Nothing much yet This area is also where you view code. On the menu you can switch between code and Designer views. 3. Use the Toolbox to add different windows elements (i.e. buttons, menu bars). Simply drag the item onto your form. We ll use the Button for this program. 4. Whenever an element is selected (Form1 in this diagram), the Properties window shows all the properties that you can set. The buttons allow you to sort them, or access the Events (i.e. a button click) available. 5. The Start Debugging button on the toolbar allows you to build and run your program. The command is also found under the Debug menu. Run it now you should have a form show up, not much, but it s your first program. I McTavish ICS3U Workbook January 30, 2012 February 6 - Your First Program 5

7 From the toolbox, drag the Button onto your form. Make sure your button is selected and in the Properties window (Ctrl W, P), change the (Name) value from button1 to btnshowmessage It s important to name the objects you use with names that are easy to understand: btn this is a button, ShowMessage this tells you what the button does, note there are NO SPACES! Change the Text value to: Show Message You may need to resize the button to show all the words. On the Form Designer, double-click the button, this will take you to the code and add an event for when the button is clicked. This is the following code (note the first two lines are all on one line). private void btnshowmessage_click(object sender, EventArgs e) { } Hit enter and type the following MessageBox.Show("Hello World"); Click the Start Debugging Button, your program should run (if it doesn t, check for spelling mistakes, also MessageBox.Show( Hello World ); should be between the {}. When you click the button on your program, you should get a Hello World Message. A Hello World program is a traditional method of writing your first program. Can you find out who created the first Hello World program? MessageBox is a class that comes with Microsoft s.net programming languages. The Show method allows you to show the message box, Hello World is the String that you are providing as a parameter to display on the message box. 6 February 6 - Your First Program I McTavish ICS3U Workbook January 30, 2012

8 Programming Primer A fundamental goal in this course is learning how to learn. Technology changes at an incredible rate. The programming languages I used in high school simply aren t used anymore we have to assume that you will encounter the same issue. The challenge is to learn the skills and be able to independently learn new programming languages. Your task is to research a programming language and create a Programming Primer that explains how to program in that language. Must Include Brief overview of the language (one paragraph max) How to create a program How to create Output How to declare and initialize variables o Boolean o Integer o Floating Point (Double, or decimal) o String How to get input Basic math operations Concatenating Strings Works Cited with at least two or three citations in MLA style Format You may use any of the following methods to hand in your Programming Primer. Most Popular Programming Languages Java C C# C++ Objective-C PHP (Visual) Basic Python Perl JavaScript Delphi/Object Pascal Ruby Lisp Pascal Transact-SQL PL/SQL Ada Logo R Lua (TIOBE SOFTWARE) Paper (The References tab is useful for adding citations) Website (Google Sites is a free, easy way to create a website Use Cite Your Sources from the school website to add citations) Other check with McTavish Due Date February 17 I McTavish ICS3U Workbook January 30, 2012 February 6 - Your First Program 7

9 Programming Primer Rubric Level 4 (5 marks) Level 3 (6 marks) Level 2 (7 marks) Level 1 (8-10 marks) Marks K 5 items included 6 items included 7 items included All items included K T C A Explanations and samples demonstrate limited understanding Examples and/or samples are not clear There are errors in spelling and/or syntax Examples were ones covered in class Comments Explanations and samples demonstrate some understanding Examples and samples showed some choice of information covered in class There are some errors in spelling and/or syntax Example are slightly different than ones covered in class Explanations and samples demonstrate considerable understanding Examples and samples were obviously selected from class notes and the class textbook There are few errors in spelling and/or syntax Examples are based on class examples and show ability to use in new situations Explanations and samples demonstrate thorough understanding Original examples and samples clearly explain the topic. Citations demonstrate when information was obtained from class notes, the textbook and independent research. There are no errors in spelling and syntax Examples are original and additional examples are created Total: 8 February 6 - Your First Program I McTavish ICS3U Workbook January 30, 2012

10 Feb 7 Output Output is the process where computers make information available outside the computer this could be on a screen, printed or to control a device (a robot s movements would be considered output). You can also output information to a network like the Internet (Deitel, Deitel and Quirk). 1. Create Project Select Console Application 2. Name: u1d3coutputxxx (replace xxx with your initials) 3. Click Ignore when you get the warning the location can t be trusted 4. Add two lines so that the complete program looks like the following using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace u1d3coutputibm { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Console.WriteLine("Hello World"); Console.ReadLine(); } } } 5. Debug your program - what happens? 6. We will take some time to understand what is happening. using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; The first four lines are using directives (Microsoft) these allow you to state what namespaces the program will use. For example System is a namespace in the.net Framework. It contains a class called Console which we access in this program (Microsoft). If we didn t have these lines then later in the program we would need to write: System.Console.WriteLine("Hello World");

11 namespace u1d3coutputibm { } Every program should be in a namespace. The braces ({ }) define the block where we put our code (Microsoft Corporation 8). The namespace is automatically the name of the file you should not mess with this! Warning: the most common problem you will encounter is accidently deleting a brace or typing outside of the block! class Program { } C# is an Object Oriented Programming language (OOP) a class is used to create an object. Again, you should not mess with this! static void Main(string[] args) { } This declares a method called Main. For a program to run it requires a Main method. A method is a block of code that performs actions or computations. In Unit 2 we will learn what the rest of the terms represent. Console.WriteLine("Hello World"); Console.ReadLine(); As mentioned before Console is a class in the System namespace. WriteLine is a method thatperforms an action (in this case writes a line of text to the console screen). The ReadLine method waits for the user to type - we only need this so that the program doesn t finish! 10 Feb 7 Output I McTavish ICS3U Workbook January 30, 2012

12 Output in a Windows Form Open u1d2windowsxxx (from yesterday). Add the following line after your MessageBox line: this.text = "Hello World"; Run the program what do you notice changes after you ve pressed the button and clicked OK on the MessageBox? What happens if you change the line to the following: btnshowmessage.text = "Hello World";.Text is a property that you can set and get. Add a Textbox, change the (Name) property to txtoutput. Change the code so that when the button is pressed you change the Text property to some text. Methods vs. Properties A method is like an action for a car there would be a drive action. A property is a value. A car has a colour property. Feb 8 Variables, Strings Computer memory stores arbitrary bit patterns. As with a string of letters, the meaning of a string of bits depends on how it is used. The particular scheme that is being used for a particular string of bits is a data type. A data type is a scheme for using bits (binary digits) to represent values. These values are not just numbers, but any kind of data that a computer can process. All values in a computer are represented using one type of data or another. In any programming language, there are many different data types and even ones you, as a programmer, can create. Some types of data are so fundamental to programmers that most programming languages have built in ways to represent them. These are the primitive data types. The names of the eight primitive data types are: I McTavish ICS3U Workbook January 30, 2012 Feb 8 Variables, Strings 11

13 Int double long short byte float boolean char These data types are referred to as primitive because they are the foundations upon which larger parts of a program are built. The first six listed above are used to store numeric data; boolean and char are generally used to store alphabetic or character information. The basic difference between the numeric primitives is in the range of numbers they can store. Many real-world programs deal with massive amounts of data (billions of data items) and, thus, the smaller size types (byte and short) may save significant amounts of space and time. But we will not use that much data in this course. Usually you should use integers (for data that will not contain decimal places) or double (data containing decimal places) for your numeric data. Variables Essentially, a variable is a name for a location in computer memory which uses a particular data type to hold a value. The integer value appears in a storage space. The storage space is titled "mynumber" and is an int (or integer) type. Note the naming convention for variables: a name for a variable (as well as for a method) usually starts with a lower case letter. A word that is part of the name starts with an uppercase letter (like "Number"), unless it is at the start of the name. These conventions are not required by syntax, but are useful to follow since they makes programs more readable. Naming Conventions Use a variable name that effectively describes the value being stored within it. Use only the characters 'a' through 'z', 'A' through 'Z', '0' through '9', character '_'. Start with lower case letter. First letter of other words in name are capitalized; eg. hellothere A variable name cannot contain the space character. Do not start with a digit. The length of a variable name is <256 characters. Upper and lower case count as different characters; eg. SUM and Sum are different names. A name cannot be a reserved word. A name must not already be in use in this part of the program. 12 Feb 8 Variables, Strings I McTavish ICS3U Workbook January 30, 2012

14 Strings Strings are a special type of variable. An integer will always take up the same amount of memory regardless of its value. A string could be as small as a letter and as big as the works of Shakespeare. Many times there are numbers that should be stored as strings. A telephone is a good example since you won t add telephone numbers together or do other math operations a string is the most appropriate way to store it. Yes/no True/false Boolean Counting number Integer Decimal Number Double Word String The following code example shows how to declare, initialize and output a String variable. Notice the lines that start with // - these are comments that won t run but explain the code. //Declare a string variable String strvar; //Initialize a string variable strvar = "Hello World"; //Output the string variable MessageBox.Show(strVar); I McTavish ICS3U Workbook January 30, 2012 Feb 8 Variables, Strings 13

15 Complete the following table Data Type Console (Unmanaged) Windows Form (Managed) Character Range: Declare Initialize String Range: Integer Range: to (no decimal places) Declare Initialize Declare int x; Initialize x = 12; Declare System.String varstring1; Initialize varstring1 = "This is a string."; Declare Int32 x; Initialize x = 12; Double Range: Declare Initialize Declare Initialize Boolean Range: Declare Initialize Declare Initialize Valueless Range: Declare Initialize Declare Initialize 14 Feb 8 Variables, Strings I McTavish ICS3U Workbook January 30, 2012

16 Feb 9 Input Please read: answer the following questions. is the data flowing into the system from outside. An example is: Comment [I1]: Input is the action of manipulating the input into a more useful form. An example is: Comment [I2]: Processing is the information flowing out of the system. An example is: Comment [I3]: Processing I McTavish ICS3U Workbook January 30, 2012 Feb 9 Input 15

17 U1D5usingVariablesxxx The goal is to create a windows program that uses a variety of variables. The Form will require the user to input their name (string), the number of items they are purchasing (integer) and the price of the item (double). The response will look as follows: Bob, You ordered 3 items at a price of $1.99 each. Your total cost is: $ Create a new Windows Form Application 2. Make sure to save it in the following location: D:/unit 1 3. Name: u1d5usingvariablesxxx (where xxx is your name) 4. On the form add the following items: 3 labels, 3 TextBoxes, 1 Button, 1 RichTextBox 5. Change the following properties Labels Properties Label1 Label2 Label3 Text Name Quantity Price TextBoxes Properties TextBox1 TextBox2 TextBox3 Name txtname txtquantity txtprice Anchor Top, Left, Right Top, Left, Right Top, Left, Right Button Properties Text Name Button Calculate btncalculate RichTextBox Properties RichTextBox Name rtboutput Anchor Top, Left, Right Form Properties RichTextBox Text Using Variables WindowState Maximized The Anchor property will resize the item so that it stays the same distance from the side you choose. It s an easy way to allow your form to look good regardless of the size. 16 Feb 9 Input I McTavish ICS3U Workbook January 30, 2012

18 1. Run the program to ensure there are no errors. Close the program after it opens. 2. Double-click the button to create the button click method. 3. Here is the pseudocode for the program you are creating Declare variable name string Declare variable quantity integer Declare variable price double Declare variable total double Declare variable output string Initialize name to txtname->text Pseudocode is where you plan the code you are writing. You write it as code but don t worry about the syntax. Then when you re ready to write the program you fix the syntax so it is actually code. Initialize quantity to txtquantity->text (make sure to convert to double) Inititialize price to txtprice->text (make sure to convert to integer) Initialize total to price*quantity (* is used to multiply) Initialize output to a concatenated string name, \n\nyou ordered, quantity, items at a price of $1.99 each. Your total cost is: $5.97. Concatenation is where you combine two strings. Using the information covered in class, declare the variables. The last part is tricky so feel free to ask for the code example. Code Tip //Declare variable Double dblprice; //Initialize - Try Parse takes the text and converts it to a Double Double.TryParse(txtPrice.Text, out dblprice); //Output - Concatenates "The Price is: " with the price in a dollar format MessageBox.Show(String.Concat("The Price is: ",dblprice.tostring("$0.00"))); I McTavish ICS3U Workbook January 30, 2012 Feb 9 Input 17

19 Feb 10 Data Types Throughout this course you will use the following types of variables on a regular basis: integers, floating points, strings, and Boolean values In this walkthrough you will create a program for a ball manufacturer that will take the radius of a ball, the quantity of balls to make and output You will need 10m 2 of material (10m 2 would be replaced with the calculated surface area of the ball). It was determined that the following variables are needed. Variable Variable Name Type of Variable Radius of the ball dblradius Double Quantity of balls intquantity Integer Surface Area of the ball dblsurfacearea Double Output stroutput String PI (used to calculate radius dblpi const Double Whether radius is a valid value blradiusinput Boolean Whether quantity is a valid value blquantityinput Boolean You ll notice that Pi is const Double. Const is a constant since Pi never changes using const prevents you from being able to change the value of Pi in the program. Calculate surface area of all the balls Output results We will also need the following items on our form: Item Name Property TextBox txtradius TextBox txtquantity Button btncalculate RichTextBox rtboutput The labels weren t included since we won t use them in the program. Pseudocode Declare variables Initialize variables Calculate Surface Area 18 Feb 10 Data Types I McTavish ICS3U Workbook January 30, 2012

20 Complete Code using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Drawing; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Windows.Forms; namespace u1feb10datatypesibm { public partial class Form1 : Form { //Declare constants const Double dblpi = 3.14; public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); } /* * btncalculate_click method * Runs when the buton is pressed */ private void btncalculate_click(object sender, EventArgs e) { //Declare variables Double dblradius; Int32 intquantity; Double dblsurfacearea; String stroutput; Boolean blradiusinput; Boolean blquantityinput; //Initialize variables blradiusinput = Double.TryParse(txtBallRadius.Text, out dblradius); blquantityinput = Int32.TryParse(txtQuantity.Text, out intquantity); //Calculate Surface Area dblsurfacearea = 4 * dblpi * dblradius *dblradius; //Calculate surface area of all the balls dblsurfacearea = dblsurfacearea * (Double)intQuantity; //output results stroutput = dblsurfacearea.tostring(); rtboutput.text = "You will need " + stroutput + "m^2 of material."; rtboutput.text += "\nvalid Radius: " + blradiusinput.tostring(); rtboutput.text += "\nvalid Quantity: " + blquantityinput.tostring(); } } } I McTavish ICS3U Workbook January 30, 2012 Feb 10 Data Types 19

21 Feb 13 Careers Summative Intro This assignment will be handed out in class. Feb 14 Math Operations, Concatenation Stage 1: Integer Math Purpose: To create a program that performs basic math calculations. 1. txtop1 2. txtop2 3. txtanswer 4. btnadd 5. btnsubtract 6. btnmultiply 7. btndivide 8. btnmod 9. lblequal = * / % 8 Diagram 1 1. Set up the form to look like the diagram above. This requires: 3 TextBoxes 5 Buttons 1 Label 2. Change the properties of each of the items. Change the name values to the ones indicated in the diagram 1. Change the Text values to the values in the text boxes. Also, change the Name property of the Form to Calculate by Bob. (Replace Bob with your name). 3. Double click btnmod, On the next page is the code I used. 20 Feb 13 Careers Summative Intro I McTavish ICS3U Workbook January 30, 2012

22 1. /* 2. This function runs when the Modulus button is pressed. 3. It divides Operator 1 by Operator 2 and returns the 4. remainder. 5. */ 6. private: System.Void btnmod_click(system.object sender, System.EventArgs e) { 7. //Declare Variables 8. System.Int32 iop1; 9. Int32 iop2; 10. Int32 ianswer; //Get values 13. Int32.TryParse(txtOp1.Text,out iop1); 14. Int32.TryParse(txtOp2.Text, out iop2); 15. //Calculate Answer 16. ianswer = iop1 % iop2; //Display result 19. txtanswer.text = ianswer.tostring(); 20. } Note: The numbering will not be the same as yours, it is used so that you know that line 6 is only on one line. Also, be careful where you type not the placement of brackets! 4. Run the program, if there are errors, use View Other Windows Error List to identify the errors. Try to fix them yourself before asking for help. 5. Add code for each of the other buttons (Save yourself some typing, use copy and paste and then just modify the relevant line). 6. Run the program, make sure it works properly. Stage Two: Double Math Purpose: To modify your program so you can also perform calculations using decimal numbers. 1. In Form Designer, click and drag to select all the items, Copy the items (either right-click, Ctrl-C or use the menu). 2. Past the items below. 3. You will need to set the Name property. Use the same format as above, but add D to the end of each name. Example: txtop1d, btnaddd The D represents Double. 4. Use the code from above, but remember to use Double instead of Int32 (you ll also need to modify the TryParse statement. Again, make sure to add D to the end of variable names. 5. See Mr. McT for sample code. Note: You can t do Modulus with Double values! Bonus, can you use an If statement to prevent divide by 0? I McTavish ICS3U Workbook January 30, 2012 Feb 14 Math Operations, Concatenation 21

23 Feb Career Summative Work Periods Remember to refer to the rubric to ensure you get maximum marks. Feb 21 Programming Challenge Summative Put your skills to the test! Feb 22 Wrap up Unit 1 There will be an online practice test so you can prepare for the final exam. 22 Feb Career Summative Work Periods I McTavish ICS3U Workbook January 30, 2012

24 Works Cited Deitel, P. J., H. M. Deitel and D. T. Quirk. Visual C How to Program. 2nd. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education, Microsoft Corporation. "C# Language Specification Version 4.0." C# Language Specification Version 4.0. Microsoft Corporation, Microsoft. Namespaces (C# Programming Guide) February 2012 < using (C# Reference) February 2012 < US/library/zhdeatwt(v=vs.80).aspx>. TIOBE SOFTWARE. TIOBE Programming Community Index for January February 2012 < Index Anchor boolean Boolean button click byte char class... 6 concatenation constant data type Debugging... 5 double Double float floating points Form Designer... 5 IDE... 4 Int integers long MessageBox... 6 method... 6, 10 Modulus namespace Object Oriented Programming OOP parameter... 6 primitive Properties... 5 pseudocode Pseudocode RichTextBox short Solution Explorer... 5 strings Strings Toolbox... 5 TryParse Visual Studio IDE... 4 Windows Forms Application... 4 I McTavish ICS3U Workbook January 30, 2012 Works Cited 23