ENCE Computer Organization and Architecture. Chapter 1. Software Perspective
|
|
- Darrell Wells
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Computer Organization and Architecture Chapter 1 Software Perspective The Lifetime of a Simple Program A Simple Program # include <stdio.h> int main() { printf( hello, world\n ); } The goal of this course is to help you understand what happens and why, when the program executes on a computer system. Lifetime: Created as a source file Translated into object code Linked into executable Loaded to through a command interpreter Access through a storage hierarchy Hardware resources managed by OS System communicates using network 2 Source Program Representation The Source program is - A text file - A sequence of bits, organized in 8-bit chunks called bytes - Each byte represents one text character - Text characters are represented in ASCII format. Example # i n c l u d e <sp> All information in a computer system is represented as a bunch of bits. 3
2 Translation Process The C program hello.c must be translated into a sequence of low-level machine language instructions. Example: On Linux, we use the GCC compiler to translate hello.c into object file Unix> gcc o hello hello.c Compiling phases gcc is a driver that calls preprocessor (cpp), compiler (cc1), assembler (as), and the linker (ld). Hello.c cpp Hello.i cc1 Hello.s as print.o Hello.o ld Hello 4 Understanding Compiler-Generated Code Optimizing program performance Is switch always more efficient than a sequence of ifthen-else? Why accessing a local variable is faster than accessing an argument passed by reference? Why two functionally equivalent loops have very different running times? Understanding link-time errors Linker is playing an increasingly important role Avoid security holes Buffer overflow bugs/tricks account for many security holes 5 Hardware organization Modeled after the Intel Pentium systems CPU/Processor Memory Buses I/O devices 6
3 Hardware organization Processor (CPU)»Interprets instructions», Registers,»Example instructions load, store, add, I/O read/write, jump»code and data I/O devices»keyboard, mouse, display,, network Buses»Transfer fixed-sized chunks of bytes 7 Running the hello program DMA User types hello Loading hello into 8 Running the hello program Executing hello Loading hello into 9
4 Running the hello program Write output string to the display 10 It May Look Complicated But it s actually simplified CPU/Processor Memory Buses I/O devices 11 Caches Matter L2 caches L1-cache Front-side bus Back-side bus Caches: smaller faster storage devices that serve as temporary staging areas for frequently referenced information, managed by hardware Local : like caches, but is managed by compilers/programmers 12
5 Storage Hierarchy Larger, Slower, And Cheaper Storage Devices registers On-chip L1 cache Off-chip L2 cache Memory 8 to KB to 64KB 256KB to 4MB 128MB to 16GB Local secondary storage 20GB to 1TB Remote secondary storage 13 idea: Storage Hierarchy Storage at one level serves as a cache for storage at the next lower level Example: The L1 cache is a cache for the L2 cache The L2 cache is a cache for the main The main is a cache for the The local serves as a cache for data stored on the s of other systems in a networked system. 14 Operating System OS controls the execution of application programs and acts as an interface between users and the computer hardware. Applications Operating System processor I/O Objectives Protection: to protect the hardware from misuse Convenience: make a computer easier to use (e.g. WIN) Efficiency: allow more efficient use of hardware resources Abstractions Processes for processor,, and I/O Virtual for main and I/O devices Files for I/O device 15
6 Networks Modern systems are often linked to other systems by networks The network can be viewed as just another I/O device Copying information from one machine to another becomes the most important application , instant messaging, www, FTP, telnet Napster, Morpheus Network is computer Web caches have been very successful 16
Chris Riesbeck, Fall Introduction to Computer Systems
Chris Riesbeck, Fall 2011 Introduction to Computer Systems Welcome to Intro. to Computer Systems Everything you need to know http://www.cs.northwestern.edu/academics/courses/213/ Instructor: Chris Riesbeck
More informationIntroduction to Computer Systems
CS-213 Introduction to Computer Systems Yan Chen Topics: Staff, text, and policies Lecture topics and assignments Lab rationale CS 213 F 06 Teaching staff Instructor TA Prof. Yan Chen (Thu 2-4pm, Tech
More informationIntroduction to Computer Systems
Introduction to Computer Systems Today: Welcome to EECS 213 Lecture topics and assignments Next time: Bits & bytes and some Boolean algebra Fabián E. Bustamante, Spring 2010 Welcome to Intro. to Computer
More informationIntroduction to Computer Systems
Introduction to Computer Systems Today:! Welcome to EECS 213! Lecture topics and assignments Next time:! Bits & bytes! and some Boolean algebra Fabián E. Bustamante, 2007 Welcome to Intro. to Computer
More informationA software view. Computer Systems. The Compilation system. How it works. 1. Preprocesser. 1. Preprocessor (cpp)
A software view User Interface Computer Systems MTSU CSCI 3240 Spring 2016 Dr. Hyrum D. Carroll Materials from CMU and Dr. Butler How it works hello.c #include int main() { printf( hello, world\n
More informationBilgisayar Sistemlerine Genel Bakış
Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi / Mühendislik Fak. / Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Carnegie Mellon Bölümü Bilgisayar Sistemlerine Genel Bakış BIL-304: Bilgisayar Mimarisi Dersi veren öğretim üyesi: Yrd. Doç. Dr.
More informationComputer Systems Organization
Computer Systems Organization 1 Outline 2 A software view User Interface 3 How it works 4 The gcc compilation system 5 The gcc compilation system hello.c (source code) Pre-processor (cpp) hello.i (modified
More informationIntroduction Presentation A
CSE 2421/5042: Systems I Low-Level Programming and Computer Organization Introduction Presentation A Read carefully: Bryant Chapter 1 Study: Reek Chapter 2 Skim: Reek Chapter 1 08/22/2018 Gojko Babić Some
More informationM2 Instruction Set Architecture
M2 Instruction Set Architecture Module Outline Addressing modes. Instruction classes. MIPS-I ISA. Translating and starting a program. High level languages, Assembly languages and object code. Subroutine
More informationHigh Performance Computing Lecture 1. Matthew Jacob Indian Institute of Science
High Performance Computing Lecture 1 Matthew Jacob Indian Institute of Science Agenda 1. Program execution: Compilation, Object files, Function call and return, Address space, Data & its representation
More informationRemember This from Week 3? DFA: 4 Bar Position
Remember This from Week 3? Prediction of forces and torques for each link at a specific position F 12x, F 12y, F 23x, F 23y, F 34x, F 34y, F 14x, F 14y, T drive Profiles of force as function of input position
More informationChapter 1 Computer System Overview
Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles Chapter 1 Computer System Overview Seventh Edition By William Stallings Course Outline & Marks Distribution Hardware Before mid Memory After mid Linux
More informationA Tour of Computer Systems
CHAPTER 1 A Tour of Computer Systems 11 Information Is Bits + Context 3 12 Programs Are Translated by Other Programs into Different Forms 4 13 It Pays to Understand How Compilation Systems Work 6 14 Processors
More informationLC-3 Assembly Language
Chapter 7 LC-3 Assembly Language CS Reality You ve got to know assembly Chances are, you ll never write program in assembly Compilers are much better & more patient than you are Understanding assembly
More informationCSCI2467: Systems Programming Concepts
CSCI2467: Systems Programming Concepts Slide set 1: A Tour of Computer Systems (CS:APP Chapter 1) Instructor: M. Toups Spring 2018 Overview 1 A Tour of Computer Systems Systems Information is bits plus
More informationCS240: Programming in C. Lecture 2: Overview
CS240: Programming in C Lecture 2: Overview 1 Programming Model How does C view the world? Stack Memory code Globals 2 Programming Model Execution mediated via a stack function calls and returns local
More informationChapter 1 A Tour of Computer Systems
Chapter 1 A Tour of Computer Systems A computer system consists of hardware and systems software that work together to run application programs. Specific implementations of systems change over time, but
More informationCompilation, Disassembly, and Profiling (in Linux)
Compilation, Disassembly, and Profiling (in Linux) CS 485: Systems Programming Spring 2016 Instructor: Neil Moore 1 Turning C into Object Code Code in files p1.c p2.c Compile with command: gcc O1 p1.c
More informationComputer System: An Overview
C Programming 1 Computer System: An Overview C Programming 2 VDU Processor Memory Disk etc. Keyboard Mouse C Programming 3 01 00 11 00 11 00 11 00 11 00 11 00 11 00 11 Primergy 000000000000 11111111111100
More informationLecture 3: Instruction Set Architecture
Lecture 3: Instruction Set Architecture CSE 30: Computer Organization and Systems Programming Summer 2014 Diba Mirza Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering University of California, San Diego 1. Steps
More informationHello, World! in C. Johann Myrkraverk Oskarsson October 23, The Quintessential Example Program 1. I Printing Text 2. II The Main Function 3
Hello, World! in C Johann Myrkraverk Oskarsson October 23, 2018 Contents 1 The Quintessential Example Program 1 I Printing Text 2 II The Main Function 3 III The Header Files 4 IV Compiling and Running
More informationDraft. Chapter 1 Program Structure. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 The 0s and the 1s. 1.3 Bits and Bytes. 1.4 Representation of Numbers in Memory
Chapter 1 Program Structure In the beginning there were 0s and 1s. GRR 1.1 Introduction In this chapter we will talk about memory: bits, bytes and how data is represented in the computer. We will also
More informationVirtual Memory. Patterson & Hennessey Chapter 5 ELEC 5200/6200 1
Virtual Memory Patterson & Hennessey Chapter 5 ELEC 5200/6200 1 Virtual Memory Use main memory as a cache for secondary (disk) storage Managed jointly by CPU hardware and the operating system (OS) Programs
More informationGreat Reality #2: You ve Got to Know Assembly Does not generate random values Arithmetic operations have important mathematical properties
Overview Course Overview Course theme Five realities Computer Systems 1 2 Course Theme: Abstraction Is Good But Don t Forget Reality Most CS courses emphasize abstraction Abstract data types Asymptotic
More informationWhat s next. Computer Systems A Programmer s Perspective
What s next Computer Systems A Programmer s Perspective 198 The role of the operating system Protect the computer from misuse Provide an abstraction for using the hardware so that programs can be written
More informationMemory Management. Reading: Silberschatz chapter 9 Reading: Stallings. chapter 7 EEL 358
Memory Management Reading: Silberschatz chapter 9 Reading: Stallings chapter 7 1 Outline Background Issues in Memory Management Logical Vs Physical address, MMU Dynamic Loading Memory Partitioning Placement
More informationRaspberry Pi / ARM Assembly. OrgArch / Fall 2018
Raspberry Pi / ARM Assembly OrgArch / Fall 2018 The Raspberry Pi uses a Broadcom System on a Chip (SoC), which is based on an ARM CPU. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/arm_architecture The 64-bit ARM processor
More informationChapter Seven. Memories: Review. Exploiting Memory Hierarchy CACHE MEMORY AND VIRTUAL MEMORY
Chapter Seven CACHE MEMORY AND VIRTUAL MEMORY 1 Memories: Review SRAM: value is stored on a pair of inverting gates very fast but takes up more space than DRAM (4 to 6 transistors) DRAM: value is stored
More informationComputer System Overview
Computer System Overview Operating Systems 2005/S2 1 What are the objectives of an Operating System? 2 What are the objectives of an Operating System? convenience & abstraction the OS should facilitate
More informationChapter 2. Basics of Program Writing
Chapter 2. Basics of Program Writing Programs start as a set of instructions written by a human being. Before they can be used by the computer, they must undergo several transformations. In this chapter,
More informationWeek 1 / Lecture 2 8 March 2017 NWEN 241 C Fundamentals. Alvin Valera. School of Engineering and Computer Science Victoria University of Wellington
Week 1 / Lecture 2 8 March 2017 NWEN 241 C Fundamentals Alvin Valera School of Engineering and Computer Science Victoria University of Wellington Admin stuff People Course Coordinator Lecturer Alvin Valera
More informationOperating Systems: Internals and Design Principles, 7/E William Stallings. Chapter 1 Computer System Overview
Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles, 7/E William Stallings Chapter 1 Computer System Overview What is an Operating System? Operating system goals: Use the computer hardware in an efficient
More informationPROGRAM COMPILATION MAKEFILES. Problem Solving with Computers-I
PROGRAM COMPILATION MAKEFILES Problem Solving with Computers-I The compilation process Source code Source code: Text file stored on computers hard disk or some secondary storage Compiler Executable hello.cpp
More informationCompila(on, Disassembly, and Profiling
Compila(on, Disassembly, and Profiling (in Linux) CS 485: Systems Programming Fall 2015 Instructor: James Griffioen 1 Recall the compila(on process/steps 2 Turning C into Object Code Code in files p1.c
More information2 Compiling a C program
2 Compiling a C program This chapter describes how to compile C programs using gcc. Programs can be compiled from a single source file or from multiple source files, and may use system libraries and header
More informationFour Components of a Computer System
Four Components of a Computer System Operating System Concepts Essentials 2nd Edition 1.1 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2013 Operating System Definition OS is a resource allocator Manages all resources
More informationThis Unit: Main Memory. Building a Memory System. First Memory System Design. An Example Memory System
This Unit: Main Memory Building a Memory System Application OS Compiler Firmware CPU I/O Memory Digital Circuits Gates & Transistors Memory hierarchy review DRAM technology A few more transistors Organization:
More informationComputer System Overview OPERATING SYSTEM TOP-LEVEL COMPONENTS. Simplified view: Operating Systems. Slide 1. Slide /S2. Slide 2.
BASIC ELEMENTS Simplified view: Processor Slide 1 Computer System Overview Operating Systems Slide 3 Main Memory referred to as real memory or primary memory volatile modules 2004/S2 secondary memory devices
More informationYour first C and C++ programs
Your first C and C++ programs Professor Hugh C. Lauer CS-2303, System Programming Concepts (Slides include materials from The C Programming Language, 2 nd edition, by Kernighan and Ritchie, Absolute C++,
More informationComputer Systems. Binary Representation. Binary Representation. Logical Computation: Boolean Algebra
Binary Representation Computer Systems Information is represented as a sequence of binary digits: Bits What the actual bits represent depends on the context: Seminar 3 Numerical value (integer, floating
More informationIntroduction to Supercomputing
Introduction to Supercomputing TMA4280 Introduction to UNIX environment and tools 0.1 Getting started with the environment and the bash shell interpreter Desktop computers are usually operated from a graphical
More informationNotes By: Shailesh Bdr. Pandey, TA, Computer Engineering Department, Nepal Engineering College
Preparing to Program You should take certain steps when you're solving a problem. First, you must define the problem. If you don't know what the problem is, you can't find a solution! Once you know what
More informationMemory Management! Goals of this Lecture!
Memory Management! Goals of this Lecture! Help you learn about:" The memory hierarchy" Why it works: locality of reference" Caching, at multiple levels" Virtual memory" and thereby " How the hardware and
More informationC Compilation Model. Comp-206 : Introduction to Software Systems Lecture 9. Alexandre Denault Computer Science McGill University Fall 2006
C Compilation Model Comp-206 : Introduction to Software Systems Lecture 9 Alexandre Denault Computer Science McGill University Fall 2006 Midterm Date: Thursday, October 19th, 2006 Time: from 16h00 to 17h30
More informationAdvanced Memory Organizations
CSE 3421: Introduction to Computer Architecture Advanced Memory Organizations Study: 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4 (only parts) Gojko Babić 03-29-2018 1 Growth in Performance of DRAM & CPU Huge mismatch between CPU
More informationChapter 1: Introduction Dr. Ali Fanian. Operating System Concepts 9 th Edit9on
Chapter 1: Introduction Dr. Ali Fanian Operating System Concepts 9 th Edit9on Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2013 1.2 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2013 Organization Lectures Homework Quiz Several homeworks
More informationCS133 C Programming. Instructor: Jialiang Lu Office: Information Center 703
CS133 C Programming Instructor: Jialiang Lu Email: jialiang.lu@sjtu.edu.cn Office: Information Center 703 1 Course Information: Course Page: http://wirelesslab.sjtu.edu.cn/~jlu/teaching/cp2014/ Assignments
More informationCMPSC 311- Introduction to Systems Programming Module: Build Processing
CMPSC 311- Introduction to Systems Programming Module: Build Processing Professor Patrick McDaniel Fall 2016 UNIX Pipes Pipes are ways of redirecting the output of one command to the input of another Make
More informationTopic 2. System calls. 1. Basic architecture 2. Input/Output routine mechanism 3. Resident routines 4. Accessing OS services: system calls
Topic 2. System calls 1. Basic architecture 2. Input/Output routine mechanism 3. Resident routines 4. Accessing OS services: system calls 1 Von Neumann architecture Data bus Address bus Control bus CPU
More informationLocality. CS429: Computer Organization and Architecture. Locality Example 2. Locality Example
Locality CS429: Computer Organization and Architecture Dr Bill Young Department of Computer Sciences University of Texas at Austin Principle of Locality: Programs tend to reuse data and instructions near
More informationComputer Organization
INF 101 Fundamental Information Technology Computer Organization Assistant Prof. Dr. Turgay ĐBRĐKÇĐ Course slides are adapted from slides provided by Addison-Wesley Computing Fundamentals of Information
More informationLecture 03 Bits, Bytes and Data Types
Lecture 03 Bits, Bytes and Data Types Computer Languages A computer language is a language that is used to communicate with a machine. Like all languages, computer languages have syntax (form) and semantics
More informationCS 326 Operating Systems C Programming. Greg Benson Department of Computer Science University of San Francisco
CS 326 Operating Systems C Programming Greg Benson Department of Computer Science University of San Francisco Why C? Fast (good optimizing compilers) Not too high-level (Java, Python, Lisp) Not too low-level
More informationCS 471 Operating Systems. Yue Cheng. George Mason University Fall 2017
CS 471 Operating Systems Yue Cheng George Mason University Fall 2017 Introduction o Instructor of Section 002 Dr. Yue Cheng (web: cs.gmu.edu/~yuecheng) Email: yuecheng@gmu.edu Office: 5324 Engineering
More informationChapter 6 Caches. Computer System. Alpha Chip Photo. Topics. Memory Hierarchy Locality of Reference SRAM Caches Direct Mapped Associative
Chapter 6 s Topics Memory Hierarchy Locality of Reference SRAM s Direct Mapped Associative Computer System Processor interrupt On-chip cache s s Memory-I/O bus bus Net cache Row cache Disk cache Memory
More informationC Preprocessor. Prabhat Kumar Padhy
C Preprocessor Prabhat Kumar Padhy 1 C Preprocessor? Creating C program, Compiling and Runnings. Create using some editor Compilation gcc test.c (or) gcc o test test.c Running./test C Preprocessor The
More informationCS 201 The Memory Hierarchy. Gerson Robboy Portland State University
CS 201 The Memory Hierarchy Gerson Robboy Portland State University memory hierarchy overview (traditional) CPU registers main memory (RAM) secondary memory (DISK) why? what is different between these
More informationAlgorithm Performance Factors. Memory Performance of Algorithms. Processor-Memory Performance Gap. Moore s Law. Program Model of Memory II
Memory Performance of Algorithms CSE 32 Data Structures Lecture Algorithm Performance Factors Algorithm choices (asymptotic running time) O(n 2 ) or O(n log n) Data structure choices List or Arrays Language
More informationComputer Systems Lecture 9
Computer Systems Lecture 9 CPU Registers in x86 CPU status flags EFLAG: The Flag register holds the CPU status flags The status flags are separate bits in EFLAG where information on important conditions
More informationCS 333 Introduction to Operating Systems Class 2 OS-Related Hardware & Software The Process Concept
CS 333 Introduction to Operating Systems Class 2 OS-Related Hardware & Software The Process Concept Jonathan Walpole Computer Science Portland State University 1 Lecture 2 overview OS-Related Hardware
More informationMemory Management. Kevin Webb Swarthmore College February 27, 2018
Memory Management Kevin Webb Swarthmore College February 27, 2018 Today s Goals Shifting topics: different process resource memory Motivate virtual memory, including what it might look like without it
More informationByte Ordering. Jin-Soo Kim Computer Systems Laboratory Sungkyunkwan University
Byte Ordering Jin-Soo Kim (jinsookim@skku.edu) Computer Systems Laboratory Sungkyunkwan University http://csl.skku.edu Memory Model Physical memory DRAM chips can read/write 4, 8, 16 bits DRAM modules
More informationI/O Devices. Nima Honarmand (Based on slides by Prof. Andrea Arpaci-Dusseau)
I/O Devices Nima Honarmand (Based on slides by Prof. Andrea Arpaci-Dusseau) Hardware Support for I/O CPU RAM Network Card Graphics Card Memory Bus General I/O Bus (e.g., PCI) Canonical Device OS reads/writes
More informationCMPSC 311- Introduction to Systems Programming Module: Build Processing
CMPSC 311- Introduction to Systems Programming Module: Build Processing Professor Patrick McDaniel Fall 2014 UNIX Pipes Pipes are ways of redirecting the output of one command to the input of another Make
More informationHow Compiling and Compilers Work
How Compiling and Compilers Work Dr. Axel Kohlmeyer Research Professor, Department of Mathematics Associate Director, Institute for Computational Science Assistant Vice President for High-Performance Computing
More informationCS24: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING SYSTEMS. Spring 2014 Lecture 14
CS24: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING SYSTEMS Spring 2014 Lecture 14 LAST TIME! Examined several memory technologies: SRAM volatile memory cells built from transistors! Fast to use, larger memory cells (6+ transistors
More informationIntroduction to C Programming
Introduction to C Programming Digital Design and Computer Architecture David Money Harris and Sarah L. Harris 2- C Chapter :: Topics Introduction to C Why C? Example Program Compiling and running a
More informationCourse Information and Introduction
August 22, 2017 Course Information 1 Instructors : Email : arash.rafiey@indstate.edu Office : Root Hall A-127 Office Hours : Tuesdays 11:30 pm 12:30 pm. Root Hall, A127. 2 Course Home Page : http://cs.indstate.edu/~arash/cs256.html
More informationCS Programming In C
CS 24000 - Programming In C Week Two: Basic C Program Organization and Data Types Zhiyuan Li Department of Computer Science Purdue University, USA 2 int main() { } return 0; The Simplest C Program C programs
More informationTopic 6: A Quick Intro To C
Topic 6: A Quick Intro To C Assumption: All of you know Java. Much of C syntax is the same. Also: Many of you have used C or C++. Goal for this topic: you can write & run a simple C program basic functions
More informationVirtual Memory Virtual memory first used to relive programmers from the burden of managing overlays.
CSE420 Virtual Memory Prof. Mokhtar Aboelaze York University Based on Slides by Prof. L. Bhuyan (UCR) Prof. M. Shaaban (RIT) Virtual Memory Virtual memory first used to relive programmers from the burden
More informationProgramming. Data Structure
Programming & Data Structure For Computer Science & Information Technology By www.thegateacademy.com Syllabus Syllabus for Programming and Data Structures Programming in C, Arrays, Stacks, Queues, Linked
More informationAssignment 1 due Mon (Feb 4pm
Announcements Assignment 1 due Mon (Feb 19) @ 4pm Next week: no classes Inf3 Computer Architecture - 2017-2018 1 The Memory Gap 1.2x-1.5x 1.07x H&P 5/e, Fig. 2.2 Memory subsystem design increasingly important!
More informationLectures 5-6: Introduction to C
Lectures 5-6: Introduction to C Motivation: C is both a high and a low-level language Very useful for systems programming Faster than Java This intro assumes knowledge of Java Focus is on differences Most
More informationCS510 Operating System Foundations. Jonathan Walpole
CS510 Operating System Foundations Jonathan Walpole OS-Related Hardware & Software 2 Lecture 2 Overview OS-Related Hardware & Software - complications in real systems - brief introduction to memory protection,
More informationOutline. Compiling process Linking libraries Common compiling op2ons Automa2ng the process
Compiling Programs Outline Compiling process Linking libraries Common compiling op2ons Automa2ng the process Program compilation Programmers usually writes code in high- level programming languages (e.g.
More informationassembler Machine Code Object Files linker Executable File
CSCE A211 Programming Intro What is a Programming Language Assemblers, Compilers, Interpreters A compiler translates programs in high level languages into machine language that can be executed by the computer.
More informationIntermediate Programming & Design (C++) Notation
Notation Byte = 8 bits (a sequence of 0 s and 1 s) To indicate larger amounts of storage, some prefixes taken from the metric system are used One kilobyte (KB) = 2 10 bytes = 1024 bytes 10 3 bytes One
More informationCS240: Programming in C
CS240: Programming in C Lecture 2: Hello World! Cristina Nita-Rotaru Lecture 2/ Fall 2013 1 Introducing C High-level programming language Developed between 1969 and 1973 by Dennis Ritchie at the Bell Labs
More informationByte Ordering. Jinkyu Jeong Computer Systems Laboratory Sungkyunkwan University
Byte Ordering Jinkyu Jeong (jinkyu@skku.edu) Computer Systems Laboratory Sungkyunkwan University http://csl.skku.edu SSE2030: Introduction to Computer Systems, Spring 2018, Jinkyu Jeong (jinkyu@skku.edu)
More informationPreview from Notesale.co.uk Page 6 of 52
Binary System: The information, which it is stored or manipulated by the computer memory it will be done in binary mode. RAM: This is also called as real memory, physical memory or simply memory. In order
More informationMemory Management. Goals of this Lecture. Motivation for Memory Hierarchy
Memory Management Goals of this Lecture Help you learn about: The memory hierarchy Spatial and temporal locality of reference Caching, at multiple levels Virtual memory and thereby How the hardware and
More informationCS356: Discussion #9 Memory Hierarchy and Caches. Marco Paolieri Illustrations from CS:APP3e textbook
CS356: Discussion #9 Memory Hierarchy and Caches Marco Paolieri (paolieri@usc.edu) Illustrations from CS:APP3e textbook The Memory Hierarchy So far... We modeled the memory system as an abstract array
More informationMemory Management (Chaper 4, Tanenbaum)
Memory Management (Chaper 4, Tanenbaum) Memory Mgmt Introduction The CPU fetches instructions and data of a program from memory; therefore, both the program and its data must reside in the main (RAM and
More informationLecture 2: Memory Systems
Lecture 2: Memory Systems Basic components Memory hierarchy Cache memory Virtual Memory Zebo Peng, IDA, LiTH Many Different Technologies Zebo Peng, IDA, LiTH 2 Internal and External Memories CPU Date transfer
More informationEL2310 Scientific Programming
Lecture 6: Introduction to C (pronobis@kth.se) Overview Overview Lecture 6: Introduction to C Roots of C Getting started with C Closer look at Hello World Programming Environment Schedule Last time (and
More informationChapter Seven Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Chapter Seven Memories: Review SRAM: value is stored on a pair of inverting gates very fast but takes up more space than DRAM (4 to 6 transistors) DRAM: value is stored as a charge on capacitor (must be
More informationCSE2421 Systems1 Introduction to Low-Level Programming and Computer Organization
Spring 2013 CSE2421 Systems1 Introduction to Low-Level Programming and Computer Organization Kitty Reeves TWRF 8:00-8:55am 1 What s next Computer Systems A Programmer s Perspective 2 The role of the operating
More informationHigh Performance Computing and Programming, Lecture 3
High Performance Computing and Programming, Lecture 3 Memory usage and some other things Ali Dorostkar Division of Scientific Computing, Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, Sweden
More informationThe Memory Hierarchy 10/25/16
The Memory Hierarchy 10/25/16 Transition First half of course: hardware focus How the hardware is constructed How the hardware works How to interact with hardware Second half: performance and software
More informationIntroduction to Computing Systems - Scientific Computing's Perspective. Le Yan LSU
Introduction to Computing Systems - Scientific Computing's Perspective Le Yan HPC @ LSU 5/28/2017 LONI Scientific Computing Boot Camp 2018 Why We Are Here For researchers, understand how your instrument
More informationThe Memory System. Components of the Memory System. Problems with the Memory System. A Solution
Datorarkitektur Fö 2-1 Datorarkitektur Fö 2-2 Components of the Memory System The Memory System 1. Components of the Memory System Main : fast, random access, expensive, located close (but not inside)
More informationLab 1: Introduction to C Programming. (Creating a program using the Microsoft developer Studio, Compiling and Linking)
Lab 1: Introduction to C Programming (Creating a program using the Microsoft developer Studio, Compiling and Linking) Learning Objectives 0. To become familiar with Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0 environment
More informationMemory and C/C++ modules
Memory and C/C++ modules From Reading #5 and mostly #6 More OOP topics (templates; libraries) as time permits later Program building l Have: source code human readable instructions l Need: machine language
More informationPharmacy college.. Assist.Prof. Dr. Abdullah A. Abdullah
The kinds of memory:- 1. RAM(Random Access Memory):- The main memory in the computer, it s the location where data and programs are stored (temporally). RAM is volatile means that the data is only there
More informationComputer is an electronic machine that can receive, store, transform and output data of all kinds (image, text, numeric, graphics and sound).
ELECTRONIC COMPUTERS THEN AND NOW Computer is an electronic machine that can receive, store, transform and output data of all kinds (image, text, numeric, graphics and sound). In the Past (i.e., during
More informationIntroduction to Linux
Introduction to Linux Prof. Jin-Soo Kim( jinsookim@skku.edu) TA - Dong-Yun Lee (dylee@csl.skku.edu) Computer Systems Laboratory Sungkyunkwan University http://csl.skku.edu What is Linux? A Unix-like operating
More informationMemory Management! How the hardware and OS give application pgms:" The illusion of a large contiguous address space" Protection against each other"
Memory Management! Goals of this Lecture! Help you learn about:" The memory hierarchy" Spatial and temporal locality of reference" Caching, at multiple levels" Virtual memory" and thereby " How the hardware
More informationEL2310 Scientific Programming
(yaseminb@kth.se) Overview Overview Roots of C Getting started with C Closer look at Hello World Programming Environment Discussion Basic Datatypes and printf Schedule Introduction to C - main part of
More informationIntroduction to Linux. Woo-Yeong Jeong Computer Systems Laboratory Sungkyunkwan University
Introduction to Linux Woo-Yeong Jeong (wooyeong@csl.skku.edu) Computer Systems Laboratory Sungkyunkwan University http://csl.skku.edu What is Linux? A Unix-like operating system of a computer What is an
More information