Object Oriented Programming using C++

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Bruce Mason
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1 Object Oriented Programming using C++

2 Programming Techniques Programming techniques evolved so far Modular programming Structured programming Top down programming Bottom up programming Procedure Oriented Programming Object Oriented Programming

3 Procedure Oriented Programming POP focuses only on the procedures and the functions to be done. Mainly focus on the sequence of functions and not on the data that are being used by the functions. Data is separated from the functions. In large programs, it is difficult to identify what data is used by which function. Data is free to move around the functions. In case if any data needs to be changed, then all the functions that access the data has to be revised Example

4 Object Oriented Programming Paradigm

5 OOPs Concepts Objects Classes Data abstraction and encapsulation Inheritance Polymorphism Dynamic binding Message passing

Objects Objects are real world entities.

Address Mobile Function Read () Update()

6 Objects Objects are real world entities. Example Each object contains data and the code to manipulate data. Object: Customer Object: Account DATA Name Address Mobile Function Read () Update() Display() Communication DATA Account number Type Balance Function Credit() Debit()

7 Class Class is a collection of objects of similar type. E.g. Mango, apple and orange are the members of the class fruit Class is a data type and objects are the variables. If fruit is declared as a class then Fruit mango; Will create an object mango under the class fruit.

8 Data Abstraction and Encapsulation Encapsulation: Binding data and functions in to a single class. Data is not accessible outside the world. This is called data hiding. For Example: A car is having multiple parts..like steering, wheels, engine...etc..which binds together to form a single object that is car. So, Here multiple parts of cars encapsulates itself together to form a single object that is Car. In real time we are using Encapsulation for security purpose...

9 Abstraction: Abstraction means showing essential features and hiding non-essential features to the user. Classes will use the concept of abstraction. Hence classes are known as Abstract Data Type(ADT). For Eg. Yahoo Mail... When you provide the user name and password and click on submit button.it will show Compose, Inbox, Outbox, Sentmails...so and so when you click on compose it will open...but user doesn't know what are the actions performed internally...

10 Inheritance It is the process by which the object of one class will acquire the properties of objects of another class. Derived(sub class) class is getting all the features from Existing (super class\base class) class and also incorporating some new features to the sub class. class Address { String name; Srting H.no; String Street name; } class LatestAddress extends Address { String City; String State; String Country; } Main use of inheritance is code reusability.

11 Polymorphism It is the ability of an object to exhibit different behaviour at different instances. E.g. If a girl is married and mother of 2 children doing teaching job then she is a women first,, teacher in a school when she is in school,,wife of someone at home,, mother of her children,, and obvious daughter of someone means a woman plays diffent roles at different times dats the polymorphism (many forms).

12 Dynamic Binding: Binding refers to linking the procedure call to the code to be executed in response to the call. Code associated with the procedure call is not known until the run time. Message Passing: Objects will communicate with each other by sending and receiving information. Message passing helps to build an efficient real world system.

13 Benefits of OOPs Software complexity is easily managed. Through inheritance, code reusability is achieved. Through data abstraction, secure programs can be built. Easy to partition the work. Easy to upgrade the system from small scale to large scale. Data-centered design makes the process easier. Message passing technique makes the interface description of objects much simpler.

14 Application of OOPs User interface design such as windows, menu, Real Time Systems Simulation and Modeling Object oriented databases AI and Expert System Neural Networks and parallel programming Decision support and office automation system

BASIC CONCEPT OF OOP

Chapter-6 BASIC CONCEPT OF OOP Introduction: Object oriented programmingg is the principle of design and development of programs using modular approach. Object oriented programmingg approach provides advantages