t GTK+ Object # widget, [ W< z< sl. y Widget E / Xlib E 8 Csq ;, #,., $ Gtk widget object GWuS vv q. A o. # widget x C widget # X L. B #, D #( *), " #

Transcription

1 GTK Tutorial Ian Main Tony Gale 1998[ 5 24 ts liberta@cau.ac.kr, hanjiho@penta.co.kr 1998[ 5 25 C 1 < & 2 S B GTK Tutorial. GTK+ W W org/.? Z (3/??), Tutorial 1998/1/24 (, ;$ ^, P. ] ], u. Z & (?) :!(plain text) j. GTK+ Tutorial? 24$(Chapter) qpl $ 24$ == & [ L,^, L :, $ MU. L C; L s$(?) #" $, \ q Y u Xlib/Widget Programming E # q 3 8. # E, NIt I. :) 4 A t G. Z Y: t C? 7/,. Tutorial [ qt, q S # q : Z. GTK(GTK+) zg. y # (go linux) ] 3 : GTK+ FAQ L;,. 8t GTK q : us, < helloworld.c. L PXI7 7 & z< q o., G(signal)Y j (callback function) GTK; t. X #I;6 helloworld.c S x 8t, L G?z<. G, $o. C Widget C (packing) ] (9 P ` :) C z< L. C P qe g; Oq y, GTK+, t o$& :L "s # " i. t #B C (box)]y, C (table)]. Widget FAQ t s L, [t [ S,GTK+ Csq typedef structf...g WidgetObject " " 8u L. ] C++ t public member function 44 return type (*func pointer)(parameters,...) xs callback <. t func pointera NL, L # A "Csq (?)" 8 GTK P ;6 +. GTK+ 3 q 3 I. :)$

2 t GTK+ Object # widget, [ W< z< sl. y Widget E / Xlib E 8 Csq ;, #,., $ Gtk widget object GWuS vv q. A o. # widget x C widget # X L. B #, D #( *), " #(,, %,..) # ; q t?(?) [ # 7 _. j widget 5 widget y 5 E =;! widget. (label), x (tooltip), (progress bar), \(dialog box), (pixmap) #. "& t L\ 3(?) w. Tooltip x L u &, MacOS( :) t ( x P :[. Z v C. :)Z, 8t $? q t 3 5 7x ; q. B ' q; W ' A " P. :) C 7 t 8, C # (toolkit) N +. x C widget d! (notebook)y (scrolled 3 widget S : [ widget. X (Yahoo,Altavista,..) q, q "girl" *_ 8 N X ; I o? : 8 [ 9 ;., (scroll bar); f o. "girl" E ;P 8 G o? t W C I , L < (NEXT)>, W (page) [ L N. 3 W [ 3 d!.! widget 7 9(le manager);;$^ ; 9P. M$ _ (explorer)# TkDesk 7 [ 8, 7 Y I (item)!(list) qk. $ t,! Y, # _ x (selection) [ #. C L. - widget - (menu) L. GTK+ # # - # q s CW. L x c Fq, - fs s W $(factory) CW. - (pull-down)y >z(pop-up) ; ; o. L Y " " (- W$) C.! widget j! :`! widget [ z< L. widget! % # q L. [t M widget ', t I v q!' -> w. :) ; Preview widget r 6 [t w. Y&(?!) QC L $. (h *) [ L.! widget gtk tar.gz j t widget w. - I L # I L, 3(?) 5 P. :)

3 Widget 6 C@ ", C $ q (prototype) = < w. GTK+ t ; z<. X ;, B u. widget object (property) [. I, L I/O Idle sq (milliseconds), B, (monitoring) # q. C? 8!) +. ^^ Selection [ yg# % (editor) [ 8 x L, - t b (copy), (cut), W!(paste) #z. qe % t g; qnlo % Z 8 ; qn3 ;? C; r $? q E, $9 4 'X ' w. [C selection [. o$& q q L t,. ( [ qv, C; & # ; P. :) glib GTK+ FAQ t &, GTK+ U libc; I, glib. $ n t ^ C zx b < I, =; vu glib t qn 3? NIob 9o. ( : P $ t 3, printf; g print. )$ t U libc t CW M ^, s, z< L. (extrema)y, I (architecture) [G typedef s (data type), L # list) r w. U -? [ 5 8t g malloc/g free, glib: -? 6, "(timer), [ (string) P. L 2 /. GTK rc 7 G C 8 t rc7 ` # M? 9P. ^^ $ t ; q, [ C (binary,executable) P 3 ' EzA' t 3 (. GTK+ rc7 X q Y, [ (simbol). C rc7 L. widget $4 "Creating Your Own Widgets", " widget ". C Tictactoe widget q ; YA t ; s / L qnu. Widget & y widget,y Z ], =; L Jq,. x, : t 3 I "q%t\ ",, parent class x b. L widget b GY! 3 "" za bo. L $ t, 3 Y(?) widget q z [C> : C L w. $t$, C \ & L! (?) 4 $. GIMP, t NIb, L w. $9 ys 9 u!(low-level event) L. Xlib t? " #define \! S (bitwise operation) $o. \ t q# ;! 3u,9o? i $t [. widgety GTK (base) GDK(General Drawing Kits) t,.?,, ;\ nl 4 : P s 5o, Xlib

4 t. u ; q. Xlib t GC(Graphics Context) i ue q P # u gdk draw rectangle() i, P x z, _, [ ( x/>x/ x) # : GC 9$ nl, C ; : gdk draw rectangle t ; L GC J z. ] GTK+? & : :[ 8 Xlib t [: +. I # MUw! - - $ t ^ (?) $X,, & 8 L. Drawing tablet, " $X t f Z! $!(extended event) CW L P. t f =;! " ; I. :)q $ t, ^ $X(device) b L. GTK q 4 CX 4? L P. ) Contributing +. Credits [t C P 3P, Is $. [. Tutorial Copyright and Permissions Notice GPL? [t t, A. [ o. C; 3 26 [G liberta@zeus.phys.cau.ac.kr, L liberta@cau.ac.kr :) [t 8; A, L qe V z # : 3. GTK+Y $. :) (ts [t ; text t SGML L / [ 5 24 Tutorial S t q A. [t ; J P L 8 I ; ^ t 8; V+. ^^ [t s L ts P. G V#, > hanjiho@penta.co.kr - 4s 8X L9. ts GTK+ $.) C 2 < GTK(GIMP Toolkit) GIMP(General Image Manipulation Program). GTK Xlib : wrapper GDK(GIMP Drawing Kit) L. = ;! qc 53. GTK C Y. Peter Mattis petm@xcf.berkeley.edu Spencer Kimball spencer@xcf.berkeley.edu Josh MacDonald jmacd@xcf.berkeley.edu GTK : : q E (API, Application Programmers Interface). & C 5 P ]Y callback ( j );8q,.

5 @!(linked list) = ; Y, glib L 6=; vu X j q. gstrerror(), 5 qe vu I $# 5, :[, GTK m X 5. Z g malloc % " libc q. [t GTK L; <6,, y M. Csq N6 C qn3 NL, L;A., I 9, ; y X E 8,. c widget! GTK;?, 8, [t qn3 > 3 L Z " &* qe,, N s. GTK C++ 0 API, S,6, c C++ x 8, ( x. Z Objective C, GuileY., q t, 0 M9. [t ; GTK W qt qe [C # 3 N s 6,, [t; \,, L f. C 3 < 8t $9 ] GTK It, zx,. sc# ;$ / ftp.gtk.org /pub/gtk t ;K. GTK Z GTK GNU autoconf. S9,./congure help t U_. GTK t, ;. 200x200,, ML 7. #include <gtk/gtk.h> int main (int argc, char *argv[]) GtkWidget *window gtk_init (&argc, &argv) window = gtk_window_new (GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL) gtk_widget_show (window) gtk_main () return 0? ] GTK q 5,, us # xs q gtk/gtk.h j,. gtk_init (&argc, &argv) GTK 5? t 3 gtk init(gint *argc, gchar ***argv) L., %m! 8 svy e # =; 6 6 gdk init(gint *argc, gchar ***argv) Jq. 5 # L, %m! G z 6, < ; I, I. --display --debug-level --no-xshm

6 --sync --show-events --no-show-events q M, + L,,! t C$.,? GTK q tf vu:!. v t L u. window = gtk_window_new (GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL) gtk_widget_show (window) GTK WINDOW TOPLEVEL 9 $ Y XzA x0 ML, child; %m! 200x200 qkt,. gtk widget show() widget 6. GTK N s,l, t widget 3. v GTKs q;,. gtk_main () gtk main() GTK q : Z #. 8, GTK X!, I, Z 7 # 6 3. # t, X L. 3.1 GTK t Hello World C # widget( #), < hello world GTK u. /* helloworld.c */ #include <gtk/gtk.h> /* callback.. */ void hello (GtkWidget *widget, gpointer data) g_print ("Hello World\n") gint delete_event(gtkwidget *widget, GdkEvent *event, gpointer data) g_print ("delete event occured\n") /* "delete_event" * GTK TRUE, "destroy". FALSE *. * '?' *. */ TRUE main "delete_event" *. */ /* FALSE return (FALSE)

7 /* callback */ void destroy (GtkWidget *widget, gpointer data) gtk_main_quit () int main (int argc, char *argv[]) /* GtkWidget widget GtkWidget *window GtkWidget *button. */ /* GTK. *. */ gtk_init (&argc, &argv) /*. */ window = gtk_window_new (GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL) ( ), * delete_event(). * callback NULL. */ /* "delete_event" gtk_signal_connect (GTK_OBJECT (window), "delete_event", GTK_SIGNAL_FUNC (delete_event), NULL) /* "destroy". * gtk_widget_destroy(), * "delete_event" callback 'TRUE'. */ gtk_signal_connect (GTK_OBJECT (window), "destroy", GTK_SIGNAL_FUNC (destroy), NULL) /* border width. */ gtk_container_border_width (GTK_CONTAINER (window), 10) /* "Hello World". */ button = gtk_button_new_with_label ("Hello World") /* "clicked" NULL hello() *. hello(). */ gtk_signal_connect (GTK_OBJECT (button), "clicked", GTK_SIGNAL_FUNC (hello), NULL) /* "clicked" gtk_widget_destroy(window), *., 'destroy' *,. */ gtk_signal_connect_object (GTK_OBJECT (button), "clicked", GTK_SIGNAL_FUNC (gtk_widget_destroy), GTK_OBJECT (window)) /*, GTK. */ gtk_container_add (GTK_CONTAINER (window), button) /* gtk_widget_show (button) widget. */

8 /*. */ gtk_widget_show (window) /* GTK gtk_main(). * ( * ). */ gtk_main () return Hello world gcc -Wall -g helloworld.c -o hello_world `gtk-config --cflags` \ `gtk-config --libs` 3, gtk 3 gtk-config,. gtk 5 7 t qe 7 X 'NL'. gtk-config --cflags 7 ; header 7 I Ib include % L, gtk-config --libs q b Y U& %. ; Y,. The GTK library (-lgtk), GDK widget. The GDK library (-lgdk), Xlib 8q wrapper. The glib library (-lglib), j j L 6, t 5, g print(). GTK glib L t sc# ;,., 18(glib) S. The Xlib library (-lx11), GDK 5 3. The Xext library (-lxext),, W -? pixmapy X $,. The math library GTK t GY callback Hello world & U_ Xt,! callback L Jq;. GTK! I; 6,, qe!; f t :< Cq; Jq; M G y. Cq J, " G" q. #, qe!; 8, P :< G widget " f" 3., GTK; z. # qe 8, G!I4 G z L : 8., Y q. gint gtk_signal_connect (GtkObject *object, gchar *name, GtkSignalFunc func, gpointer func_data)

9 G f widgetl,!i4l G. G : 6, P J va. # "callback " L 6 qk. void callback_func(gtkwidget *widget, gpointer callback_data) G f widget j ; L, gtk signal connect() P sqk A j. Hello world C t 5 Z,. gint gtk_signal_connect_object (GtkObject *object, gchar *name, GtkSignalFunc func, GtkObject *slot_object) gtk signal connect object() callback ; GTK object j, # > L gtk signal connect(). t : 8 callback?j b,. void callback_func (GtkObject *object) t object widget. q gtk signal connect object t callback z M,. hello world C t, s t G widget/object GTK :5L. ; L, t ; L callback t. GTK t GtkWidget j t, E gtk signal connect object() 8,. 8 t, callback 8;: A ;Kb ;,. 3.4 Hello World 0 ( B C : NUL, hello world C 0 &., # " "! callback. C t widgety A ;? X,,, q M., C qe # P ; N s A,. void hello (GtkWidget *widget, gpointer data) g_print ("Hello World\n") callback ". 9; q! 48 "delete event"; f 3. t! X b x., X L, A 6, Z & q [. callback ; GTK qe b N3. FALSE 8 GTK ; "destroy" G f, M L : 3. L TRUE, "destroy" G f L, "destroy" G 3.

10 gint delete_event(gtkwidget *widget, GdkEvent *event, gpointer data) g_print ("delete event occured\n") return (FALSE) gtk main quit(), [, Z callback ;., x M9, 8 N,t. void destroy (GtkWidget *widget, gpointer data) gtk_main_quit () main(), NL f, q Y ;,? GTK q main() #B ; L. int main (int argc, char *argv[]) t, GtkWidget us j xs., # I t 53. GtkWidget *window GtkWidget *button gtk init; #. Y ;,, # L, < t sq u., < t qe! tqc L, argc argv U& M, 3 t, q +I u u. gtk_init (&argc, &argv) ^ #., #. GtkWidget *window ; ; us -? ; q C C U& us ; 3,. ^ z, I gtk widget show(window) MU :[ C ML. tb 3,. window = gtk_window_new (GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL) E ; 9, object ;. t "destory" G. G ; Y t 9 :( L ; "delete event" t TRUE :), Z 7h object widget x gtk widget destroy() : f., z, E?. t,, X t A destroy() NULL GTK [ 3. GTK OBJECT GTK SIGNAL FUNC 3 u 3 s6 j 6Y s. gtk_signal_connect (GTK_OBJECT (window), "destroy", GTK_SIGNAL_FUNC (destroy), NULL)

11 container object za s 5., 10 C 3. X 15(Widget za) section t P ;? 3,. L, GTK CONTAINER j 6 s. gtk_container_border_width (GTK_CONTAINER (window), 10) ^ # #., ^ GtkWidget us -? W L,, # 6, L button j ; ;. # 3 : "Hello World" ; 3,. button = gtk_button_new_with_label ("Hello World") t # g;., G IsL, "clicked" G f : hello() ;. A L, 0 t hello() callback & NULL u. <&, ; j # : "clicked" G f 3. gtk_signal_connect (GTK_OBJECT (button), "clicked", GTK_SIGNAL_FUNC (hello), NULL) Z 4 t #., 9 ; t, ; t "destroy" G qn3 v,. X t # 8$9 hello() callback ; L, q z t,. 8 v callback 8 6,,? n t. gtk widget destroy() ; GtkWidget *widget :[, t gtk signal connect() 5 ML gtk signal connect object() 7. gtk_signal_connect_object (GTK_OBJECT (button), "clicked", GTK_SIGNAL_FUNC (gtk_widget_destroy), GTK_OBJECT (window)), C 6 t 3,. \ & 3., GTK 3, # # 3 X b ( N u. gtk_container_add (GTK_CONTAINER (window), button) C? z.!? G,? # qb!ul, GTK; widget " s " u. widget ;$ #. 0 t ; $9 L 4 #?j q 3 I, &?j : ; 3. gtk_widget_show (button) gtk_widget_show (window) L ], gtk main() t X t!; f 3 L,!; : G 4 widget,. gtk_main () L. gtk quit(); Cq t #3.

12 return 0 C, ; GTK # t # 8 widget "clicked" G f. A G!I7 G z L,, x & 3. C t ; # 8 hello() ; NULL L, q G ;., widget gtk widget destroy() t widget [., ; "destroy" G f 3 t L, "destroy" callback t GTK; [ 3,.! Z P [ K 5,. 3 8 "delete event" G f L "delete event". ; t TRUE 8 8 +L IX f M. FALSE 8 GTK "destroy" G f L "destroy" callback q GTK; [. 5^ $,, G t GY,6 P M > r. C 4 < X #I;6 4.1 Xt C t s@ 9 z<,x. gint, gchar # int char typedef., GS : 9 U,. 64! N7 32! "gint32" n [G 32! A typedef q,^ ;,. typedef \ & [:.? glib/ glib.h t A q (, gtk.h t j 3.). Z ; GtkObject :GtkWidget, s@,. GTK : zg,l, widget # object. 4.2 G X NI gtk signal connect xs Z 3 U_. gint gtk_signal_connect (GtkObject *object, gchar *name, GtkSignalFunc func, gpointer func_data) gint?, callback v. Xt m " GY object callback ; L,, K t,. v ;! t callback C$ u. void gtk_signal_disconnect (GtkObject *object, gint id) t, C$ L widgety signal connect widget v id J y G qv. Object t? G C$ Z,. gtk_signal_handlers_destroy (GtkObject *object)., J object t, & za? G C$ u.

13 4.3 \ Hello World Callback # C; cx hello world., Z < ts C C widget,. /* helloworld2.c */ #include <gtk/gtk.h> /* callback. *. */ void callback (GtkWidget *widget, gpointer data) g_print ("Hello again - %s was pressed\n", (char *) data) /* callback */ void delete_event (GtkWidget *widget, GdkEvent *event, gpointer data) gtk_main_quit () int main (int argc, char *argv[]) /* GtkWidget widget GtkWidget *window GtkWidget *button GtkWidget *box1. */ /* GTK. *. */ gtk_init (&argc, &argv) /*. */ window = gtk_window_new (GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL) /*, "Hello Buttons!". */ gtk_window_set_title (GTK_WINDOW (window), "Hello Buttons!") /* GTK delete_event *. */ gtk_signal_connect (GTK_OBJECT (window), "delete_event", GTK_SIGNAL_FUNC (delete_event), NULL) /* border width. */ gtk_container_border_width (GTK_CONTAINER (window), 10) /* widget. *. * widget. */ box1 = gtk_hbox_new(false, 0) /*. */ gtk_container_add (GTK_CONTAINER (window), box1) /* "Button 1". */ button = gtk_button_new_with_label ("Button 1") /* * "callback". */ gtk_signal_connect (GTK_OBJECT (button), "clicked", GTK_SIGNAL_FUNC (callback), (gpointer) "button 1") /* gtk_container_add, *. */ gtk_box_pack_start(gtk_box(box1), button, TRUE, TRUE, 0) /*.

14 * GTK,. */ gtk_widget_show(button) /*. */ button = gtk_button_new_with_label ("Button 2") /* callback. *. */ "button 2" gtk_signal_connect (GTK_OBJECT (button), "clicked", GTK_SIGNAL_FUNC (callback), (gpointer) "button 2") gtk_box_pack_start(gtk_box(box1), button, TRUE, TRUE, 0) /* *. *. */ gtk_widget_show(button) gtk_widget_show(box1) gtk_widget_show (window) /*! */ gtk_main () return 0 C sl 7. [ t 9 $# < t t, L ( N,. XI "Quit" # q 8;, ^,. Z < q 6 gtk box pack start() sq. L L, [. L, gtkwindow new() Z dene GTK WINDOW DIALOG., 9 c \ 6, : 5 Kb. C 5 < C Widget ; qe q 8t, # # \ # n,. hello world C # widget L 0 t, 4 "pack" gtk container add. # ; # widget n :, qn3 n X Cq b? t "packing", #$. 5.1 packing C Xt C t, q. widget e C O, M widget x C. e C widget E, object 0 e t t Y. t Y. Y 4 K9 t qn3 S tp. ^ e gtk hbox new(), L t gtk vbox new(). gtk box pack start() gtk box pack end () x C 4 object X P. gtkbox pack start() t t I, L e t t C,. L gtk box pack end() C. Z widget A L, Y 7. C t gtk box pack start(),. Object Z x C$# widget. L P, widget C # j L widget, ; # K,.

15 , GTK ; widget n X N3 L 0 t : S< Z : 3. Z widget qn3 C qb = 0. ; \\ ", widget nl qt\ CW u. 5.2 & NI :[, GTK t C,?. 6, qn3 t 7,. ; : ; 3. <CENTER > <IMG SRC="gtk t ut p ackbox1:gif"vspace = "15"HSPACE = "10"WIDTH = "528"HEIGHT = "235"ALT ="BoxP ackingexampleimage">< =CENT ER> v = # ; L # e (hbox) j. gtk box pack e # C, 9,. # e C (, gtkbox pack start u )., gtk box pack start xs. void gtk_box_pack_start (GtkBox *box, GtkWidget *child, gint gint gint expand, fill, padding) object C L object. Object t? #,L, 0 t K # C 3. gtk box pack start() Z gtk box pack end() t expand ; TRUE :, widget W ; 6 q;3,. L, FALSE 8 widget :<& 3. expand FALSE 8 widget_ M 8 ; t gtk box pack start Z gtk box pack end q Y ; 3. ll TRUE : object W Cq. L FALSE 8 object W M., expand ; TRUE : Y;. ^ : ; ( e ). GtkWidget * gtk_hbox_new (gint homogeneous, gint spacing) thomogeneous K object ; Cq ( e E C, E m)., 6 8, gtk box pack expand sc# TRUE ;. t spacing( ; q 6 6 ) padding( C 6 6 ) > X? Spacing object P f #,6 padding object tf #,., > < & v,. <CENTER > <IMG ALIGN="center" SRC="gtk t ut p ackbox2:gif"width = "509"HEIGHT = "213"V SP ACE = "15"HSP ACE = "10"ALT ="BoxP ackingexampleimage">< =CENT ER> y q s ;. # S t, t [C. 7 t ; L gi.

16 5.3 C C /* packbox.c */ #include "gtk/gtk.h" void delete_event (GtkWidget *widget, GdkEvent *event, gpointer data) gtk_main_quit () hbox. *. *,. */ /* Button_label GtkWidget *make_box (gint homogeneous, gint spacing, GtkWidget *box GtkWidget *button char padstr[80] /* homogenous spacing gint expand, gint fill, gint padding) hbox. */ box = gtk_hbox_new (homogeneous, spacing) /*. */ button = gtk_button_new_with_label ("gtk_box_pack") gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (box), button, expand, fill, padding) gtk_widget_show (button) button = gtk_button_new_with_label ("(box,") gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (box), button, expand, fill, padding) gtk_widget_show (button) button = gtk_button_new_with_label ("button,") gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (box), button, expand, fill, padding) gtk_widget_show (button) /* expand. */ if (expand == TRUE) else button = gtk_button_new_with_label ("TRUE,") button = gtk_button_new_with_label ("FALSE,") gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (box), button, expand, fill, padding) gtk_widget_show (button) /*,. */ button = gtk_button_new_with_label (fill? "TRUE," : "FALSE,") gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (box), button, expand, fill, padding) gtk_widget_show (button) sprintf (padstr, "%d) ", padding) button = gtk_button_new_with_label (padstr) gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (box), button, expand, fill, padding) gtk_widget_show (button) return box

17 int main (int argc, char *argv[]) GtkWidget *window GtkWidget *button GtkWidget *box1 GtkWidget *box2 GtkWidget *separator GtkWidget *label GtkWidget *quitbox int which /*! */ gtk_init (&argc, &argv) if (argc!= 2) fprintf (stderr, "usage: packbox num, where num is 1, 2, 3.\n") /* GTK, exit status 1. */ gtk_exit (1) which = atoi (argv[1]) /*. */ window = gtk_window_new (GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL) /* Main destroy. *. */ gtk_signal_connect (GTK_OBJECT (window), "delete_event", GTK_SIGNAL_FUNC (delete_event), NULL) gtk_container_border_width (GTK_CONTAINER (window), 10) /* (vbox). *. * (.) */ box1 = gtk_vbox_new (FALSE, 0) switch (which) case 1: /*. */ label = gtk_label_new ("gtk_hbox_new (FALSE, 0) ") /*. widget *. */ gtk_misc_set_alignment (GTK_MISC (label), 0, 0) /* (vbox box1). vbox * widget. */ gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (box1), label, FALSE, FALSE, 0) /*. */ gtk_widget_show (label)

18 /* make_box. */ box2 = make_box (FALSE, 0, FALSE, FALSE, 0) gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (box1), box2, FALSE, FALSE, 0) gtk_widget_show (box2) box2 = make_box (FALSE, 0, TRUE, FALSE, 0) gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (box1), box2, FALSE, FALSE, 0) gtk_widget_show (box2) box2 = make_box (FALSE, 0, TRUE, TRUE, 0) gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (box1), box2, FALSE, FALSE, 0) gtk_widget_show (box2) /* separator. *,. */ separator = gtk_hseparator_new () vbox. widget * vbox,. */ /* separator gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (box1), separator, FALSE, TRUE, 5) gtk_widget_show (separator) /*. */ label = gtk_label_new ("gtk_hbox_new (TRUE, 0) ") gtk_misc_set_alignment (GTK_MISC (label), 0, 0) gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (box1), label, FALSE, FALSE, 0) gtk_widget_show (label) /* homogeneous, spacing, expand, fill, padding. */ box2 = make_box (TRUE, 0, TRUE, FALSE, 0) gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (box1), box2, FALSE, FALSE, 0) gtk_widget_show (box2) box2 = make_box (TRUE, 0, TRUE, TRUE, 0) gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (box1), box2, FALSE, FALSE, 0) gtk_widget_show (box2) /* separator */ separator = gtk_hseparator_new () /* gtk_box_pack_start 3 * expand, fill, padding. */ gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (box1), separator, FALSE, TRUE, 5) gtk_widget_show (separator) break case 2: /* * vbox. */. box1 main() label = gtk_label_new ("gtk_hbox_new (FALSE, 10) ") gtk_misc_set_alignment (GTK_MISC (label), 0, 0) gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (box1), label, FALSE, FALSE, 0) gtk_widget_show (label) box2 = make_box (FALSE, 10, TRUE, FALSE, 0)

19 gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (box1), box2, FALSE, FALSE, 0) gtk_widget_show (box2) box2 = make_box (FALSE, 10, TRUE, TRUE, 0) gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (box1), box2, FALSE, FALSE, 0) gtk_widget_show (box2) separator = gtk_hseparator_new () gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (box1), separator, FALSE, TRUE, 5) gtk_widget_show (separator) label = gtk_label_new ("gtk_hbox_new (FALSE, 0) ") gtk_misc_set_alignment (GTK_MISC (label), 0, 0) gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (box1), label, FALSE, FALSE, 0) gtk_widget_show (label) box2 = make_box (FALSE, 0, TRUE, FALSE, 10) gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (box1), box2, FALSE, FALSE, 0) gtk_widget_show (box2) box2 = make_box (FALSE, 0, TRUE, TRUE, 10) gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (box1), box2, FALSE, FALSE, 0) gtk_widget_show (box2) separator = gtk_hseparator_new () gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (box1), separator, FALSE, TRUE, 5) gtk_widget_show (separator) break case 3: /* gtk_box_pack_end() widget *.,. */ box2 = make_box (FALSE, 0, FALSE, FALSE, 0) /*. */ label = gtk_label_new ("end") /* gtk_box_pack_end(), make_box() * hbox. gtk_box_pack_end (GTK_BOX (box2), label, FALSE, FALSE, 0) /*. */ gtk_widget_show (label) /* box2 box1. */ gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (box1), box2, FALSE, FALSE, 0) gtk_widget_show (box2) /* bottom separator. */ separator = gtk_hseparator_new () /* ( ) separator *. hbox 400 *, "end" hbox (separated) *., hbox widget *. */ gtk_widget_set_usize (separator, 400, 5) /* main() vbox(box1) separator *. */

20 gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (box1), separator, FALSE, TRUE, 5) gtk_widget_show (separator) /* hbox quitbox = gtk_hbox_new (FALSE, 0)..! */ /* quit. */ button = gtk_button_new_with_label ("Quit") /*. *, "destroy". */ gtk_signal_connect_object (GTK_OBJECT (button), "clicked", GTK_SIGNAL_FUNC (gtk_widget_destroy), GTK_OBJECT (window)) /* quitbox * expand, fill, padding. */. gtk_box_pack_start gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (quitbox), button, TRUE, FALSE, 0) /* vbox(box1) quitbox. */ gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (box1), quitbox, FALSE, FALSE, 0) /* widget vbox, main. */ gtk_container_add (GTK_CONTAINER (window), box1) /*. */ gtk_widget_show (button) gtk_widget_show (quitbox) gtk_widget_show (box1) /*. */ gtk_widget_show (window) /* gtk_main. */ gtk_main (). *. */ /* gtk_main_quit() gtk_exit() return C Z C -,., qe \ t Is,. t, widget Oq <: 3. widget ; za v W ; 3,. ] $9 b, gtk table new. GtkWidget* gtk_table_new (gint rows, gint columns, gint homogeneous) L, &.

21 homogeneous ; qn3 TRUE 8 t ;$ widget 0 3. Z FALSE 8 t ;$ m widget m, L t ;$ I widget C 0 3. Y 0 t n 3. t n gtk table new t, c ; =2 L =2, 3 za 3 8 us _vg t, s. K widget n 8. void gtk_table_attach (GtkTable GtkWidget gint gint gint gint gint gint gint gint *table, *child, left_attach, right_attach, top_attach, bottom_attach, xoptions, yoptions, xpadding, ypadding) table ; L child n L widget. Y attach widget n c 2x2 I d X # 8, L ; 8, leftattach=1, right attach=2, top attach=1, bottom attach=2, 3 qb. C, 2x2 x 8, left attach=0, right attach=2, top attach=0, bottom attach=1 L 8. xoptiony yoption C A,, ; s t OR S 8. Y. GTK FILL -GTKFILL za 8 ; widget : widget P ;? W. GTK SHRINK - widget : W : widget A\: I #t ; M3. c GTK SHRINK; za 8 widget v qq 4 3. GTK EXPAND -, za 8 + W 3. C. K t, d widget s q u. gtk table attach() ; L. t shortcut. void gtk_table_attach_defaults (GtkTable GtkWidget gint *table, *widget, left_attach,

22 gint gint gint right_attach, top_attach, bottom_attach) X Y %m! GTK FILLjGTK EXPAND, L X Y C. 0. #". Z gtk table set row spacing()y gtk table set col spacing()., sq Z spacing za. void gtk_table_set_row_spacing (GtkTable gint gint *table, row, spacing) L void gtk_table_set_col_spacing (GtkTable *table, gint gint column, spacing) qe t space, L t I sq,.? Y [ spacing P. void gtk_table_set_row_spacings (GtkTable *table, gint spacing) void gtk_table_set_col_spacings (GtkTable gint *table, spacing) Y t spacing M, r. 5.5 C C t 2x2 K # #. # nl quit # 8t I n. t 3. <CENTER > <IMG SRC="gtk t ut t able:gif"vspace = "15"HSPACE = "10"ALT = "T ablep ackingexampleimage"w IDTH ="180"HEIGHT = "120">< =CENT ER>. /* table.c */ #include <gtk/gtk.h> /* callback. * stdout. */ void callback (GtkWidget *widget, gpointer data) g_print ("Hello again - %s was pressed\n", (char *) data) /* callback */ void delete_event (GtkWidget *widget, gpointer data)

23 gtk_main_quit () int main (int argc, char *argv[]) GtkWidget *window GtkWidget *button GtkWidget *table gtk_init (&argc, &argv) /*. */ window = gtk_window_new (GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL) /*. */ gtk_window_set_title (GTK_WINDOW (window), "Table") /* GTK delete_event. */ gtk_signal_connect (GTK_OBJECT (window), "delete_event", GTK_SIGNAL_FUNC (delete_event), NULL) /* border width. */ gtk_container_border_width (GTK_CONTAINER (window), 20) /* 2x2. */ table = gtk_table_new (2, 2, TRUE) /*. */ gtk_container_add (GTK_CONTAINER (window), table) /*. */ button = gtk_button_new_with_label ("button 1") /* "button 1" *. */ gtk_signal_connect (GTK_OBJECT (button), "clicked", "callback" GTK_SIGNAL_FUNC (callback), (gpointer) "button 1") /*. */ gtk_table_attach_defaults (GTK_TABLE(table), button, 0, 1, 0, 1) gtk_widget_show (button) /*. */ button = gtk_button_new_with_label ("button 2") /* "button 2" *. */ gtk_signal_connect (GTK_OBJECT (button), "clicked", "callback" GTK_SIGNAL_FUNC (callback), (gpointer) "button 2") /*. */ gtk_table_attach_defaults (GTK_TABLE(table), button, 1, 2, 0, 1)

24 gtk_widget_show (button) /* "Quit". */ button = gtk_button_new_with_label ("Quit") /* "delete_event" *. */ gtk_signal_connect (GTK_OBJECT (button), "clicked", GTK_SIGNAL_FUNC (delete_event), NULL) /* "Quit". */ gtk_table_attach_defaults (GTK_TABLE(table), button, 0, 2, 1, 2) gtk_widget_show (button) gtk_widget_show (table) gtk_widget_show (window) gtk_main () return 0 C 6 < Widget GTK t widget : < Y. 1. gtk * new - ^ widget j.,? t &,. 2. : P? 3. Widget gtk container add()# gtk box pack start() : t widget x C K C. 5. gtk widget show() widget. gtk widget show() ; widget? 6 GTK 3 N L,, C u ;,., M3 gtk widget hide. Widget t M. 4;,, widget f # 3,, ;$ # 3 t? u ; q 3, -,. gtk widget show() 3 8 qe widget( # widget ) u ; $9 M. 6.1 j 6( C ) G 8t N9, GTK C 7., sq \ j 6! :#, L j 6 :#, sc# q. ; 3 == Y. GTK WIDGET(widget)

25 GTK OBJECT(object) GTK SIGNAL FUNC(function) GTK CONTAINER(container) GTK WINDOW(window) GTK BOX(box),? j! 5. C t,6, xs, :,. I GWuS t ",? GtkWidget GtkObject t 7f,., qe ; object u : q%t widget y - & GTK OBJECT() t. q. gtk_signal_connect(gtk_object(button), "clicked", GTK_SIGNAL_FUNC(callback_function), callback_data), # # object j! L, j callback j!. widget Z x C. I GWuS 8 \ widget GtkContainer t 7f N,. qe widget x C u J s GTK CONTAINER. 3 [t t a 3 q MU. # GTK 7 U_. P, xs 8t widget qn3 W, q M. 6.2 Widget GWuS L, widget? GWuS! ;. GtkObject +GtkData +GtkAdjustment `GtkTooltips `GtkWidget +GtkContainer +GtkBin +GtkAlignment +GtkEventBox +GtkFrame `GtkAspectFrame +GtkHandleBox +GtkItem +GtkListItem +GtkMenuItem `GtkCheckMenuItem `GtkRadioMenuItem `GtkTreeItem +GtkViewport `GtkWindow +GtkColorSelectionDialog +GtkDialog

26 `GtkInputDialog `GtkFileSelection +GtkBox +GtkButtonBox +GtkHButtonBox `GtkVButtonBox +GtkHBox +GtkCombo `GtkStatusbar `GtkVBox +GtkColorSelection `GtkGammaCurve +GtkButton +GtkOptionMenu `GtkToggleButton `GtkCheckButton `GtkRadioButton +GtkCList `GtkCTree +GtkFixed +GtkList +GtkMenuShell +GtkMenuBar `GtkMenu +GtkNotebook +GtkPaned +GtkHPaned `GtkVPaned +GtkScrolledWindow +GtkTable +GtkToolbar `GtkTree +GtkDrawingArea `GtkCurve +GtkEditable +GtkEntry `GtkSpinButton `GtkText +GtkMisc +GtkArrow +GtkImage +GtkLabel `GtkTipsQuery `GtkPixmap +GtkPreview +GtkProgressBar +GtkRange +GtkScale +GtkHScale `GtkVScale `GtkScrollbar +GtkHScrollbar `GtkVScrollbar +GtkRuler +GtkHRuler

27 `GtkVRuler `GtkSeparator +GtkHSeparator `GtkVSeparator 6.3 X[ widget widget [ ;,. cqe! j 8 GtkEventBox b,. 14(The EventBox Widget) section S. GtkAlignment GtkArrow GtkBin GtkBox GtkImage GtkItem GtkLabel GtkPaned GtkPixmap GtkScrolledWindow GtkSeparator GtkTable GtkViewport GtkAspectFrame GtkFrame GtkVPaned GtkHPaned GtkVBox GtkHBox GtkVSeparator GtkHSeparator widget L q ;6 GTK u G,. Z GTK j testgtk.c., gtk/testgtk.c t,. C 7 < # widget 7.1 ; # #widget t $ I., \ &. # ;. # gtk button new with labe() L, # gtk button new().,, ^ L gtk box pack start K object C 6, gtk container add # K C 8. C gtk button new Y #. ;, FqK # 6 t,,. /* buttons.c */ #include <gtk/gtk.h>

28 /* *. */ hbox. GtkWidget *xpm_label_box (GtkWidget *parent, gchar *xpm_filename, gchar *label_text) GtkWidget *box1 GtkWidget *label GtkWidget *pixmapwid GdkPixmap *pixmap GdkBitmap *mask GtkStyle *style /* xpm. */ box1 = gtk_hbox_new (FALSE, 0) gtk_container_border_width (GTK_CONTAINER (box1), 2) /*.. background, *. */ style = gtk_widget_get_style(parent) /* xpm. */ pixmap = gdk_pixmap_create_from_xpm (parent->window, &mask, &style->bg[gtk_state_normal], xpm_filename) pixmapwid = gtk_pixmap_new (pixmap, mask) /*. */ label = gtk_label_new (label_text) /*. */ gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (box1), pixmapwid, FALSE, FALSE, 3) gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (box1), label, FALSE, FALSE, 3) gtk_widget_show(pixmapwid) gtk_widget_show(label) return (box1) /* callback. */ void callback (GtkWidget *widget, gpointer data) g_print ("Hello again - %s was pressed\n", (char *) data) int main (int argc, char *argv[]) /* GtkWidget widget GtkWidget *window GtkWidget *button GtkWidget *box1. */

29 gtk_init (&argc, &argv) /*. */ window = gtk_window_new (GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL) gtk_window_set_title (GTK_WINDOW (window), "Pixmap'd Buttons!") /*. */ gtk_signal_connect (GTK_OBJECT (window), "destroy", GTK_SIGNAL_FUNC (gtk_exit), NULL) /* border width. */ gtk_container_border_width (GTK_CONTAINER (window), 10) /*. */ button = gtk_button_new () /*. */ gtk_signal_connect (GTK_OBJECT (button), "clicked", GTK_SIGNAL_FUNC (callback), (gpointer) "cool button") /*. */ box1 = xpm_label_box(window, "info.xpm", "cool button") /* widget gtk_widget_show(box1),. */ gtk_container_add (GTK_CONTAINER (button), box1) gtk_widget_show(button) gtk_container_add (GTK_CONTAINER (window), button) gtk_widget_show (window) /*. */ gtk_main () return 0 xpm label box x C; qe widget Y C 5,. 7.2 # # ; q \ qb > 8 ; #Y P., \ ;, ; s8 q# 3. Z 8, K q,. # 5 % # \ q5", # #Y % #.,? 3 8 > :,. ^ # 8,.

30 GtkWidget* gtk_toggle_button_new (void) GtkWidget* gtk_toggle_button_new_with_label (gchar *label) 8Q 9,, ; # widget Y [., #, L, y widget C q #. #Y % #, # \, I C t., qe callback t \!. # f G ( / / % # widget) "toggled" G. # \ 8 toggled G!I4 G z L,, callback?j,. void toggle_button_callback (GtkWidget *widget, gpointer if (GTK_TOGGLE_BUTTON (widget)->active) /*, up. */ data) else /* down. */ void gtk_toggle_button_set_state (GtkToggleButton *toggle_button, gint state) #Y,, t 7f % # \ 6 5. ; # J sl, L, \ I u TRUE Z FALSE J u. %m! K \, FALSE. ; gtk toggle button set state() 58 # t "clicked" G f t # \ ; C 3 r. void gtk_toggle_button_toggled (GtkToggleButton *toggle_button), & # L, "toggled" G f. 7.3 # # # t " Y \ U 3., #Y K!,! P L. qe q t t,., ; ; # t ;. GtkWidget* gtk_check_button_new (void) GtkWidget* gtk_check_button_new_with_label (gchar *label) new with label! ; L #. # \, # t.

31 7.4 % # % # q qt #B x / > L # Y P., q! t # x E 58 ^,. ^ % # 5. GtkWidget* gtk_radio_button_new (GSList *group) GtkWidget* gtk_radio_button_new_with_label (GSList *group, gchar *label) ;,. :<& X. NULL J b. L,. GSList* gtk_radio_button_group (GtkRadioButton *radio_button) L gtk radio button new Z gtk radio button new with label J u. t qe # %m! 3 <&, ^ f. void gtk_toggle_button_set_state (GtkToggleButton *toggle_button, gint state), # tz< 6, A & 0. # q. /* radiobuttons.c */ #include <gtk/gtk.h> #include <glib.h> void close_application( GtkWidget *widget, gpointer data ) gtk_main_quit() main(int argc,char *argv[]) static GtkWidget *window = NULL GtkWidget *box1 GtkWidget *box2 GtkWidget *button GtkWidget *separator GSList *group gtk_init(&argc,&argv) window = gtk_window_new (GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL) gtk_signal_connect (GTK_OBJECT (window), "delete_event", GTK_SIGNAL_FUNC(close_application), NULL) gtk_window_set_title (GTK_WINDOW (window), "radio buttons") gtk_container_border_width (GTK_CONTAINER (window), 0)

32 box1 = gtk_vbox_new (FALSE, 0) gtk_container_add (GTK_CONTAINER (window), box1) gtk_widget_show (box1) box2 = gtk_vbox_new (FALSE, 10) gtk_container_border_width (GTK_CONTAINER (box2), 10) gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (box1), box2, TRUE, TRUE, 0) gtk_widget_show (box2) button = gtk_radio_button_new_with_label (NULL, "button1") gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (box2), button, TRUE, TRUE, 0) gtk_widget_show (button) group = gtk_radio_button_group (GTK_RADIO_BUTTON (button)) button = gtk_radio_button_new_with_label(group, "button2") gtk_toggle_button_set_state (GTK_TOGGLE_BUTTON (button), TRUE) gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (box2), button, TRUE, TRUE, 0) gtk_widget_show (button) group = gtk_radio_button_group (GTK_RADIO_BUTTON (button)) button = gtk_radio_button_new_with_label(group, "button3") gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (box2), button, TRUE, TRUE, 0) gtk_widget_show (button) separator = gtk_hseparator_new () gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (box1), separator, FALSE, TRUE, 0) gtk_widget_show (separator) box2 = gtk_vbox_new (FALSE, 10) gtk_container_border_width (GTK_CONTAINER (box2), 10) gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (box1), box2, FALSE, TRUE, 0) gtk_widget_show (box2) button = gtk_button_new_with_label ("close") gtk_signal_connect_object (GTK_OBJECT (button), "clicked", GTK_SIGNAL_FUNC(close_application), GTK_OBJECT (window)) gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (box2), button, TRUE, TRUE, 0) GTK_WIDGET_SET_FLAGS (button, GTK_CAN_DEFAULT) gtk_widget_grab_default (button) gtk_widget_show (button) gtk_widget_show (window) gtk_main() return(0) [$Y qe #; #! ; L qb ; v 8. button2 = gtk_radio_button_new_with_label( gtk_radio_button_group (GTK_RADIO_BUTTON (button1)), "button2")

33 C 8 < j widget 8.1 (label) GTK t s 5L p:,. [ X ; t G f M. c 8 EventBox widget. ^,. GtkWidget* gtk_label_new (char *str) # ; # 4L [.! 8,. void gtk_label_set (GtkLabel char *label, *str) qk (GTK LABEL() j! ) L, ^ [. ^ W E : S<. & [ L 8,. void gtk_label_get (GtkLabel char *label, **str) qp L, U L [. 8.2 x (tooltip widget) j qe ## widget = # "X 3 8! [ q# E ;.,,6, t t C z< 9. C L 8 GDK j testgtk.c S. # qe widget tooltip 5 M. ; ^ tooltip,., sq t s8. ; GtkTooltip tooltip. GtkTooltips *gtk_tooltips_new (void) ^ tooltipy, P widget 8,, 6. void gtk_tooltips_set_tip (GtkTooltips *tooltips, GtkWidget *widget, const gchar *tip_text, const gchar *tip_private) ; tooltipl, tooltip j 3 widget.! ; tooltip t L,. NULL v.,.

34 GtkTooltips *tooltips GtkWidget *button... tooltips = gtk_tooltips_new () button = gtk_button_new_with_label ("button 1")... gtk_tooltips_set_tip (tooltips, button, "This is button 1", NULL) Tooltip 5. t & 9. void gtk_tooltips_destroy (GtkTooltips *tooltips) q tooltip C$. void gtk_tooltips_enable (GtkTooltips *tooltips) Disable za tooltip enable. void gtk_tooltips_disable (GtkTooltips *tooltips) Enable za tooltip disable. void gtk_tooltips_set_delay (GtkTooltips *tooltips, gint delay) Tooltip q v# j widget "X 3 b, millisecond 6. %m! 1000millisecond, 1#. void gtk_tooltips_set_tips (GtkTooltips *tooltips, GtkWidget *widget, gchar *tips_text) yq tooltip! 4. void gtk_tooltips_set_colors (GtkTooltips *tooltips, GdkColor *background, GdkColor *foreground) Tooltip v _Y E_. qn3 _ za t? 9. Tooltip [,. \ N,. :) 8.3 (progress bar) z \ # 4 5. C 8 N9,,. # $ 9 ^ qs U_,. GtkWidget *gtk_progress_bar_new (void) C ; qpl,. void gtk_progress_bar_update (GtkProgressBar *pbar, gfloat percentage)

35 ; L, ' ' # 6., C 0 1 L, 0 100N! y,. ; I # Z %/ 3 Y 5. (section 16( I, L I/O Idle ) S.)? E gtk progress bar update ; 53., I z! C., Z, # v,. /* progressbar.c */ #include <gtk/gtk.h> static int ptimer = 0 int pstat = TRUE /*. pstat FALSE *,. */ gint progress (gpointer data) gfloat pvalue /*. */ pvalue = GTK_PROGRESS_BAR (data)->percentage if ((pvalue >= 1.0) (pstat == FALSE)) pvalue = 0.0 pstat = TRUE pvalue += 0.01 gtk_progress_bar_update (GTK_PROGRESS_BAR (data), pvalue) return TRUE /*. */ void progress_r (void) pstat = FALSE void destroy (GtkWidget *widget, gpointer data) gtk_main_quit () int main (int argc, char *argv[]) GtkWidget *window GtkWidget *button GtkWidget *label GtkWidget *table GtkWidget *pbar

36 gtk_init (&argc, &argv) window = gtk_window_new (GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL) gtk_signal_connect (GTK_OBJECT (window), "delete_event", GTK_SIGNAL_FUNC (destroy), NULL) gtk_container_border_width (GTK_CONTAINER (window), 10) table = gtk_table_new(3,2,true) gtk_container_add (GTK_CONTAINER (window), table) label = gtk_label_new ("Progress Bar Example") gtk_table_attach_defaults(gtk_table(table), label, 0,2,0,1) gtk_widget_show(label) /*,. */ pbar = gtk_progress_bar_new () gtk_table_attach_defaults(gtk_table(table), pbar, 0,2,1,2) gtk_widget_show (pbar) /* timeout. */ ptimer = gtk_timeout_add (100, progress, pbar) /*. */ button = gtk_button_new_with_label ("Reset") gtk_signal_connect (GTK_OBJECT (button), "clicked", GTK_SIGNAL_FUNC (progress_r), NULL) gtk_table_attach_defaults(gtk_table(table), button, 0,1,2,3) gtk_widget_show(button) button = gtk_button_new_with_label ("Cancel") gtk_signal_connect (GTK_OBJECT (button), "clicked", GTK_SIGNAL_FUNC (destroy), NULL) gtk_table_attach_defaults(gtk_table(table), button, 1,2,2,3) gtk_widget_show (button) gtk_widget_show(table) gtk_widget_show(window) gtk_main () return 0 : Y[ P. 5 t 0 N I. pbar = gtk_progress_bar_new () pbar ^ L. ptimer = gtk_timeout_add (100, progress, pbar)

37 t A < I, I b, I. pvalue = GTK_PROGRESS_BAR (data)->percentage t pvalue percentage bar & A sl. gtk_progress_bar_update (GTK_PROGRESS_BAR (data), pvalue), pvalue z!. L N,,,! 8.4 \ \ widget,, C, =; ; y C q # <. Dialog us,. struct GtkDialog GtkWindow window GtkWidget *vbox GtkWidget *action_area, & L, L vbox C L, separator, L # t "action area" hbox C. \widget P 3 >z - $# 5., A :,,, # <. GtkWidget* gtk_dialog_new (void) t^ 8 3. GtkWidget *window window = gtk_dialog_new (), \,L, qn3 3. t action area K # C. button =... gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (GTK_DIALOG (window)->action_area), button, TRUE, TRUE, 0) gtk_widget_show (button) L C vbox # 8;. I. label = gtk_label_new ("Dialogs are groovy") gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (GTK_DIALOG (window)->vbox), label, TRUE, TRUE, 0) gtk_widget_show (label)

38 \ C t, action area CancelY Ok #, L vbox P 3 ]q $# - L #tp x 0 # t G za. 8.5 j L us. ; 5, ;$ z X I # vt,.! 2_. GTK t, $9 GDK u GdkPixmap us qb. -? 7 q q. U_,. GdkPixmap *gdk_bitmap_create_from_data( GdkWindow *window, gchar gint *data, width, gint height ) -? 2_ single-plane,,! on/o # 6. width/height., E t y; t, GdkWindow j & ; 3. GdkPixmap* gdk_pixmap_create_from_data( GdkWindow gchar gint gint gint GdkColor *window, *data, width, height, depth, *fg, GdkColor *bg ), sq! depth(_ ) ; :5. fg bg foreground background _. GdkPixmap* gdk_pixmap_create_from_xpm( GdkWindow *window, GdkBitmap **mask, GdkColor *transparent_color, const gchar *filename ) XPM j X t q #., G 5L 6 y 7 j q s 2 /. 7 q 7 jy j L qb L,, us K. qe!; < b mask;@a. #"?! transparent color A _ ; 3., C; I 0,. GdkPixmap* gdk_pixmap_create_from_xpm_d (GdkWindow *window, GdkBitmap **mask, GdkColor gchar *transparent_color, **data) y XPM j t 4 j q ;. qe 7 q q.,.

39 /* XPM */ static const char * xpm_data[] = " ", " c None", ". c # ", "X c #FFFFFFFFFFFF", " ", "... ", ".XXX.X. ", ".XXX.XX. ", ".XXX.XXX. ", ".XXX... ", ".XXXXXXX. ", ".XXXXXXX. ", ".XXXXXXX. ", ".XXXXXXX. ", ".XXXXXXX. ", ".XXXXXXX. ", ".XXXXXXX. ", "... ", " ", " " void gdk_pixmap_destroy( GdkPixmap *pixmap ) ; qe L Z ; E, gdk pixmap destory -?, s, ^ f. s qb. ; 8,, GTK widget v. GDK j t widget qb., t 3. GtkWidget* gtk_pixmap_new( GdkPixmap *pixmap, GdkBitmap *mask ) Z widget Y. guint gtk_pixmap_get_type( void ) void gtk_pixmap_set( GtkPixmap *pixmap, GdkPixmap GdkBitmap *val, *mask) void gtk_pixmap_get( GtkPixmap *pixmap, GdkPixmap **val, GdkBitmap **mask) gtk pixmap set widget & L. val GDK q. C # K O C. #include <gtk/gtk.h> /* Open-File static const char * xpm_data[] = " ", " c None", XPM */

40 ". c # ", "X c #FFFFFFFFFFFF", " ", "... ", ".XXX.X. ", ".XXX.XX. ", ".XXX.XXX. ", ".XXX... ", ".XXXXXXX. ", ".XXXXXXX. ", ".XXXXXXX. ", ".XXXXXXX. ", ".XXXXXXX. ", ".XXXXXXX. ", ".XXXXXXX. ", "... ", " ", " " /* (delete_event ). */ void close_application( GtkWidget *widget, GdkEvent *event, gpointer data ) gtk_main_quit() /*. */ void button_clicked( GtkWidget *widget, gpointer data ) printf( "button clicked\n" ) int main( int argc, char *argv[] ) /* GtkWidget widget GtkWidget *window, *pixmapwid, *button GdkPixmap *pixmap GdkBitmap *mask GtkStyle *style /* main, *. */ gtk_init( &argc, &argv ). */ delete_event window = gtk_window_new( GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL ) gtk_signal_connect( GTK_OBJECT (window), "delete_event", GTK_SIGNAL_FUNC (close_application), NULL ) gtk_container_border_width( GTK_CONTAINER (window), 10 ) gtk_widget_show( window ) /* gdk. */ style = gtk_widget_get_style( window ) pixmap = gdk_pixmap_create_from_xpm_d( window->window, /* pixmap widget. */ &style->bg[gtk_state_normal], (gchar **)xpm_data ) &mask,

41 pixmapwid = gtk_pixmap_new( pixmap, mask ) gtk_widget_show( pixmapwid ) /* pixmap widget. */ button = gtk_button_new() gtk_container_add( GTK_CONTAINER(button), pixmapwid ) gtk_container_add( GTK_CONTAINER(window), button ) gtk_widget_show( button ) gtk_signal_connect( GTK_OBJECT(button), "clicked", /*. */ gtk_main () GTK_SIGNAL_FUNC(button_clicked), NULL ) return 0 & % icon0.xpm XPM 7 t, qb. /*. */ pixmap = gdk_pixmap_create_from_xpm( window->window, &mask, pixmapwid = gtk_pixmap_new( pixmap, mask ) gtk_widget_show( pixmapwid ) &style->bg[gtk_state_normal], "./icon0.xpm" ) gtk_container_add( GTK_CONTAINER(window), pixmapwid ) : > # y [G? \ P,. Y q t I X?j ; L. qqe 3 W t, #?j ; L q. 3 t "A?j :. "A?j : & E <,. E y ; _ L 8, 3 I q M EG P B M. C t y u. /* wheelbarrow.c */ #include <gtk/gtk.h> /* XPM */ static char * WheelbarrowFull_xpm[] = " ", " c None", ". c #DF7DCF3CC71B", "X c #965875D669A6", "o c #71C671C671C6", "O c #A699A289A699", "+ c # ", "@ c #8E C2", "# c #D75C7DF769A6", "$ c #F7DECF3CC71B", "% c #96588A288E38", "& c #A E79", "* c #8E E38",

42 "= c # ", "- c # ", " c #C71B30C230C2", ": c #C71B9A699658", "> c # ", ", c #20811C712081", "< c # ", "1 c # ", "2 c #DF7D4D344103", "3 c #79E769A671C6", "4 c # ", "5 c #41033CF34103", "6 c # ", "7 c #49241C711040", "8 c # ", "9 c # ", "0 c #69A ", "q c #B6DA71C65144", "w c #410330C238E3", "e c #CF3CBAEAB6DA", "r c #71C C2", "t c #EFBEDB6CD75C", "y c #28A ", "u c # ", "i c #596528A21861", "p c #71C ", "a c #A ", "s c #30C228A230C2", "d c #BEFBA289AEBA", "f c # ", "g c #30C230C230C2", "h c #8E ", "j c # ", "k c #38E30C300820", "l c #30C A2", "z c #38E328A238E3", "x c #514438E34924", "c c # ", "v c #30C C2", "b c #38E328A230C2", "n c #28A228A228A2", "m c #41032CB228A2", "M c # ", "N c #492438E34103", "B c #28A A2", "V c #A E3", "C c #30C21C711040", "Z c #30C ", "A c # ", "S c #618534D32081", "D c #38E31C711040", "F c # ", " ", ".XoO ", " +@#$%o& ",

43 " *=- #::o+ ", " >,<12#:34 ", " 45671#:X3 ", " +89<02qwo ", "e* >,67 ro ", "ty> ", "$2u+ ><ipas8* ", "%$ =* *3:.Xa.dfg> ", "Oh$ ya *3d.a8j,Xe.d3g8+ ", " Oh$ ka *3d$a8lz,,xxc:.e3g54 ", " Oh$ ko *pd$%svbzz,sxxxxfx..&wn> ", " *3dthwlsslszjzxxxxxxx3:td8M4 ", " *3d$XNlvvvlllm,mNwxxxxxxxfa.:,B* ", " ", " Oh$1hd5lllslllCCZrV#r#:#2AxxxxxxxxxcdwM* ", " OXq6c.%8vvvllZZiqqApA:mq:Xxcpcxxxxxfdc9* ", " ", " " +A26jguXtAZZZC7iDiCCrVVii7Cmmmxxxxxx%3g", " *#16jszN..3DZZZZrCVSA2rZrV7Dmmwxxxx&en", " p2yfvzssxe:fczzciid7iizdidsszwwxx8e*>", " OA1<jzxwwc:$d%NDZZZZCCCZCCZZCmxxfd.B ", " 3206Bwxxszx%et.eaAp77m77mmmf3&eeeg* ", ", " * 16=lsNwwNwgsvslbwwvccc3pcfu<o ", " p <69BvwwsszslllbBlllllllu<5+ ", " OS0y6FBlvvvzvzss,u=Blllj=54 ", " c1-699blvlllllu7k96mmmg4 ", " *10y8n6FjvllllB< ", " S-kg+>666<M<996-y6n<8* ", " p71=4 m69996kd8z-66698&& ", " &i0ycm6n4 ogk17,0<6666g ", " N-k-<> >=01-kuu666> ", ",6ky& &46-10ul,66, ", " Ou0<> o66y<ulw<66& ", " *kk5 >66By7=xu664 ", " <<M4 466lj<Mxu66o ", " *>> +66uv,zN666* ", " 566,xxj669 ", " 4666FF666> ", " >966666M ", " om6668+ ", " *4 ", " ", " " /* (delete_event ). */ void close_application( GtkWidget *widget, GdkEvent *event, gpointer data ) gtk_main_quit() int main (int argc, char *argv[]) GtkWidget *window, *pixmap, *fixed

44 GdkPixmap *gdk_pixmap GdkBitmap *mask GtkStyle *style GdkGC *gc /* main, delete_event *. main popup *. */ gtk_init (&argc, &argv) window = gtk_window_new( GTK_WINDOW_POPUP ) gtk_signal_connect (GTK_OBJECT (window), "delete_event", GTK_SIGNAL_FUNC (close_application), NULL) gtk_widget_show (window) /* pixmap widget. */ style = gtk_widget_get_default_style() gc = style->black_gc gdk_pixmap = gdk_pixmap_create_from_xpm_d( window->window, &mask, &style->bg[gtk_state_normal], WheelbarrowFull_xpm ) pixmap = gtk_pixmap_new( gdk_pixmap, mask ) gtk_widget_show( pixmap ) /*, *. */ fixed = gtk_fixed_new() gtk_widget_set_usize( fixed, 200, 200 ) gtk_fixed_put( GTK_FIXED(fixed), pixmap, 0, 0 ) gtk_container_add( GTK_CONTAINER(window), fixed ) gtk_widget_show( fixed ) /* fixed widget. */ gtk_widget_shape_combine_mask( window, mask, 0, 0 ) /*. */ gtk_widget_set_uposition( window, 20, 400 ) gtk_widget_show( window ) gtk_main () return 0 y 3, #! G qe qv. = v # P : q # u. gtk_widget_set_events( window, gtk_widget_get_events( window ) GDK_BUTTON_PRESS_MASK ) gtk_signal_connect( GTK_OBJECT(window), "button_press_event", GTK_SIGNAL_FUNC(close_application), NULL )

45 8.6 (ruler) widget sq t j X ; 5. k ; e m ; ;. S X v (indicator); j A X u. y $9 qkb. e t q. GtkWidget *gtk_hruler_new(void) /* */ GtkWidget *gtk_vruler_new(void) /* */ ; q 8 QA A. QA GTK PIXELS# GTK INCHES, GTK CENTIMETERS #;. void gtk_ruler_set_metric( GtkRuler *ruler, GtkMetricType metric ) za GTK PIXELS. gtk_ruler_set_metric( GTK_RULER(ruler), GTK_PIXELS ) Z " qn3 # 4 = >Y v ; q% n= void gtk_ruler_set_range (GtkRuler *ruler, gfloat gfloat gfloat gfloat lower, upper, position, max_size) lower upper A L max size ; ;$ za. Position 4 v # X gtk_ruler_set_range( GTK_RULER(vruler), 0, 800, 0, 800) v (marking);, Y. gtk_ruler_set_range( GTK_RULER(vruler), 7, 16, 0, 20) v j \ : X ; S X v. ; j 0 3 L 8 motion notify event G motion notify event qb. "A 4? 0 3 Y. #define EVENT_METHOD(i, x) GTK_WIDGET_CLASS(GTK_OBJECT(i)->klass)->x gtk_signal_connect_object( GTK_OBJECT(area), "motion_notify_event", (GtkSignalFunc)EVENT_METHOD(ruler, motion_notify_event), GTK_OBJECT(ruler) )

46 C e ; drawing area. drawing area 600 ky 400 m ;. e v L ; 100 v. Y drawing area X za P. /* rulers.c */ #include <gtk/gtk.h> #define EVENT_METHOD(i, x) GTK_WIDGET_CLASS(GTK_OBJECT(i)->klass)->x #define XSIZE 600 #define YSIZE 400 /* (close button). */ void close_application( GtkWidget *widget, gpointer data ) gtk_main_quit() /* */ int main( int argc, char *argv[] ) GtkWidget *window, *table, *area, *hrule, *vrule /* gtk.*/ gtk_init( &argc, &argv ) window = gtk_window_new( GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL ) gtk_signal_connect (GTK_OBJECT (window), "delete_event", GTK_SIGNAL_FUNC( close_application ), NULL) gtk_container_border_width (GTK_CONTAINER (window), 10) /* drawing area table = gtk_table_new( 3, 2, FALSE ) */ gtk_container_add( GTK_CONTAINER(window), table ) area = gtk_drawing_area_new() gtk_drawing_area_size( (GtkDrawingArea *)area, XSIZE, YSIZE ) gtk_table_attach( GTK_TABLE(table), area, 1, 2, 1, 2, GTK_EXPAND GTK_FILL, GTK_FILL, 0, 0 ) gtk_widget_set_events( area, GDK_POINTER_MOTION_MASK GDK_POINTER_MOTION_HINT_MASK ) /*. drawing area, motion_notify_event. */ hrule = gtk_hruler_new() gtk_ruler_set_metric( GTK_RULER(hrule), GTK_PIXELS ) gtk_ruler_set_range( GTK_RULER(hrule), 7, 13, 0, 20 ) gtk_signal_connect_object( GTK_OBJECT(area), "motion_notify_event", (GtkSignalFunc)EVENT_METHOD(hrule, motion_notify_event), GTK_OBJECT(hrule) ) /* GTK_WIDGET_CLASS(GTK_OBJECT(hrule)->klass)->motion_notify_event, */ gtk_table_attach( GTK_TABLE(table), hrule, 1, 2, 0, 1,

47 GTK_EXPAND GTK_SHRINK GTK_FILL, GTK_FILL, 0, 0 ) /*. drawing area,, motion_notify_event. */ vrule = gtk_vruler_new() gtk_ruler_set_metric( GTK_RULER(vrule), GTK_PIXELS ) gtk_ruler_set_range( GTK_RULER(vrule), 0, YSIZE, 10, YSIZE ) gtk_signal_connect_object( GTK_OBJECT(area), "motion_notify_event", (GtkSignalFunc) GTK_WIDGET_CLASS(GTK_OBJECT(vrule)->klass)->motion_notify_event, GTK_OBJECT(vrule) ) gtk_table_attach( GTK_TABLE(table), vrule, 0, 1, 1, 2, GTK_FILL, GTK_EXPAND GTK_SHRINK GTK_FILL, 0, 0 ) /* */ gtk_widget_show( area ) gtk_widget_show( hrule ) gtk_widget_show( vrule ) gtk_widget_show( table ) gtk_widget_show( window ) gtk_main() return \ v v(statusbar) \ v v! - s 5 widget. widget! - [. 0 t & s3. q - v \ v v P b E, \ v v widget 'P ' u 5 Context Identier. qe context ;P = \ [ C - ;. - Context Identier t; I # q, $9 # t. \ v v ; q. GtkWidget* gtk_statusbar_new (void) ^ Context Identier context [ z<y u. guint gtk_statusbar_get_context_id (GtkStatusbar *statusbar, const gchar *context_description) \ v v Y. guint gtk_statusbar_push (GtkStatusbar *statusbar, guint context_id, gchar *text) void gtk_statusbar_pop (GtkStatusbar *statusbar) guint context_id) void gtk_statusbar_remove (GtkStatusbar *statusbar,

48 guint guint context_id, message_id) $9 gtk statusbar push \ v v ^ - 8; 5. # gtk statusbar remove 5 Message Identier. gtk statusbar remove s q Message Context Identier - \ v v t C$. gtk statusbar pop sq Context Identier C - 4 QC. C # 2 \ v v #. # # \ v v ^ - OL #" # Oq - C$. /* statusbar.c */ #include <gtk/gtk.h> #include <glib.h> GtkWidget *status_bar void push_item (GtkWidget *widget, gpointer data) static int count = 1 char buff[20] g_snprintf(buff, 20, "Item %d", count++) gtk_statusbar_push( GTK_STATUSBAR(status_bar), (guint) &data, buff) return void pop_item (GtkWidget *widget, gpointer data) gtk_statusbar_pop( GTK_STATUSBAR(status_bar), (guint) &data ) return int main (int argc, char *argv[]) GtkWidget *window GtkWidget *vbox GtkWidget *button int context_id gtk_init (&argc, &argv) /* */ window = gtk_window_new(gtk_window_toplevel) gtk_widget_set_usize( GTK_WIDGET (window), 200, 100) gtk_window_set_title(gtk_window (window), "GTK Statusbar Example") gtk_signal_connect(gtk_object (window), "delete_event", (GtkSignalFunc) gtk_exit, NULL) vbox = gtk_vbox_new(false, 1) gtk_container_add(gtk_container(window), vbox)