PESIT Bangalore South Campus Hosur road, 1km before Electronic City, Bengaluru -100 Department of Basic Science and Humanities

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1 PESIT Bangalore South Campus Hosur road, 1km before Electronic City, Bengaluru -100 Department of Basic Science and Humanities Continuous Internal Evaluation Test 2 Date: Marks: 0 Subject & Code: Programming in C and Data Structures- 17PCD13 Sec: A, B, C, D, E Name of faculty: Dr. J Surya Prasad/Mr. Naushad Basha Saudagar /Ms. Time: am pm Vandana M L / Ms. Monika Note: Answer FIVE full questions, selecting any ONE full question from each part. Marks PART 1 1 a Explain difference between while and do while loop b Write a program to find square root of a number without using library function 2 a Explain break and continue statement in C with example program b Write a program to generate Fibonacci series of n terms using for loop PART 2 3 a Write a program to evaluate polynomial f(x) = a n x n +...+a x + a 3 x 3 + a 2 x 2 + a 1 x + a 0, for a given value of x and its coefficients using Horner s method b What will be the output of the following programs i) #include<stdio.h> #include<stdio.h> Void main() Void main() int i; int i=1,j=1; for(i=1;i<=5;printf( \n%d,i); for(;;) i++; if(i>5) break; else j+=i; printf( \n%d,j); i+=j; a What is an array? Explain declaration and initialization of 1 dimensional array b Write a C program to find second largest element in an array PART 3 5 Write a C program to search an element in a list of integers using Binary Search. 8 Trace the program to search element 3 in the list 2,3,10,15,18. 6 Write a C program to multiply two matrices. Trace the program with suitable 8

2 example PART 7 Design and develop a C function isprime(num) that accepts an integer argument and returns 1 if the argument is prime, a 0 otherwise. Write a C program that invokes this function to generate prime numbers between the given range. 8 Explain two categories of argument passing techniques in functions with an example 8 8 PART 5 9 Write a recursive C function to find the factorial of a number, n!, defined by 8 fact(n)=1, if n=0. Otherwise fact(n)=n*fact(n-1). Using this function, write a C program to compute the binomial coefficient n C r 10 a What is a pointer? Explain how a pointer variable is declared and initialized. b What do you mean by Pre-processor directive? With examples, explain File inclusion and macro expansion. PESIT Bangalore South Campus Hosur road, 1km before Electronic City, Bengaluru -100 Department of Basic Science and Humanities Solution Manual Test 2 Subject & Code: Programming in C and Data Structures- 17PCD13 PART 1 1 a Explain difference between while and do while loop Sec: A, B, C, D, E while ( condition) statements; //body of loop In 'while' loop the controlling condition appears at the start of the loop. do statements; // body of loop. while( Condition ); In 'do-while' loop the controlling condition appears at the end of the loop.

3 The body of the loop does not execute if the condition is false Body of the loop executes atleast once even if the condition is false b Write a program to find square root of a number without using library function #include <stdio.h> #include <math.h> #include <stdlib.h> int main() float num, NextGuess, LastGuess = 1, Diff ; printf("\nenter a value whose square root has to be calculated\n"); scanf("%f", &num); do NextGuess = 0.5 * (LastGuess + (num/lastguess)); Diff = fabs(nextguess - LastGuess); LastGuess = NextGuess; while (Diff!=0 ); printf("\n Square root of %f = %f\n", num, NextGuess); return 0; 2 a Explain break and continue statement in C with example program Break Statement: Early exit from the loop is supported through the break statement.break causes a loop to terminate.it s same as setting the loop s limit test to false.in case of a nested loop, break terminates only the inner loop- the one in which break is used.break is used in switch statement.in case of the loops break is usually preceded with a condition. while(test-condition) s1; s2; if(condition) break; s3; s;

4 stat-x; Continue Statement: Continue statement is used to continue the execution of the loop bypassing the remaining statements while(test-condition) s1; s2; s3; if(te) continue; s; s5; In the given example if TE is true the loop execution continues and statement s and s5 is not executed b Write a program to generate Fibonacci series of n terms using for loop // Program to generate Fibonacci series #include<stdio.h> void main() int fib1,fib2,fib3,num,i; prinft( \nenter the limit\n ); scanf( %d,&num); fib1=0,fib2=1; printf( The first %d numbers in Fibonacci series:\n, num); if(num==1) printf( %d\t,fib1); else printf( %d\t%d\t,fib1,fib2); for(i=3;i<=num;i++) fib3=fib1+fib2; Printf( %d\t,fib3); fib1=fib2; fib2=fib3;

5 PART 2 3 a Write a program to evaluate polynomial f(x) = a n x n +...+a x + a 3 x 3 + a 2 x 2 + a 1 x + a 0, for a given value of x and its coefficients using Horner s method #include<stdio.h> int main( ) int Deg,i,Coeff[10]; float X,Sum=0; printf("\nenter the highest degree of the polynomial and value of x\n"); scanf("%d %f",&deg,&x); printf("\nenter the coefficients \n"); for(i=0;i<=deg;i++) scanf("%d",&coeff[i]); for(i=deg;i>0;++i) Sum = (Sum + Coeff[i])*X; Sum = Sum + Coeff[0]; printf("\nvalue of polynomial after evaluation=%f\n",sum); return 0;

6 b What will be the output of the following programs i) #include<stdio.h> #include<stdio.h> Void main() Void main() int i; int i=1,j=1; for(i=1;i<=5;printf( \n%d,i); for(;;) i++; if(i>5) break; else Output: No output j+=i; printf( \n%d,j); i+=j; Output: 2 5 a What is an array? Explain declaration and initialization of 1 dimensional array An array is a collection of same type of elements which are sheltered under a common name. type arrayname [ arraysize ]; The arraysize must be an integer constant greater than zero and type can be any valid C data type. Example: int x[10]; char letters[6]; Arrays can be initialized at declaration time in this source code as: Type name[size]=values; int i[5]=1,2,3,,5; int i[]=1,2,3,,5; char c*3+=, a, b, c -; b Write a C program to find second largest element in an array #include<stdio.h>

7 int main() int i, first, second,n,a[10]; printf( enter the no of elements ); scanf( %d,&n); /* There should be atleast two elements */ if (n < 2) printf(" Invalid Input "); return; first = second = 0; for (i = 0; i < n ; i ++) /* If current element is smaller than first then update both first and second */ if (a[i] > first) second = first; first = a[i]; /* If a[i] is in between first and second then update second */ else if (a[i] > second && a[i] < first) second = a[i]; printf("the second largest element is %dn", second); PART 3 5 Write a C program to search an element in a list of integers using Binary Search. Trace the program to search element 3 in the list 2,3,10,15,18. 8

8 Void main() int a[100],i,n,num,flag=0,first,last,mid; printf("enter the size of an array: "); scanf("%d",&n); printf("enter the elements in ascending order: "); for(i=0;i<n;i++) scanf("%d",&a[i]); printf("enter the number to be search: "); scanf("%d",&num); first=0,last=n-1; while(first<=last) mid=(first+last)/2; if(num==a[mid]) flag=1; break; else if(num<a[mid]) last=mid-1; else first=mid+1; if(flag==0) printf("the number is not found."); else printf("the number is found at the position %d",mid+1); 2,3,10,15,18 a[0]=2 a[1]=3 a[2]=10 a[3]=15 a[]=18 first=0,last=,mid=2 (a[mid]=a[2]=10 )>(key=3) last=mid-1=2-1=1 first=0 mid=0 (a[mid]=a[0]=2 )<(key=3) first=mid+1=0+1; last=1 mid=1

9 (a[mid]=a[1]=3)=(key=3) Output The number is found at position 2 6 Write a C program to multiply two matrices. Trace the program with suitable example void main() int M, N, P, Q, i, j, k, A[10][10], B[10][10]; int C[10][10] = 0; //Initialize the matrix with all zeros printf("\nenter the order of Matrix 1\n"); scanf("%d%d",&m,&n); printf("\nenter the order of Matrix 2\n"); scanf("%d%d",&p,&q); if( N!= P) printf("\nmatrix Multiplication not possible\n"); exit(0); printf("\nenter the elements of Matrix 1 \n"); for(i=0;i<m;i++) for(j=0;j<n;j++) scanf("%d",& A[i][j]); printf("\nenter the elements of Matrix 2 \n"); for(i=0;i<p;i++) for(j=0;j<q;j++) scanf("%d",& B[j][i]); for(i=0;i<m;i++) for(j=0;j<q;j++) C[i][j]=0; for(k=0;k<n;k++) C[i][j] += A[i][k] * B[k][j]; 8

10 PART 7 Design and develop a C function isprime(num) that accepts an integer argument and returns 1 if the argument is prime, a 0 otherwise. Write a C program that invokes this function to generate prime numbers between the given range. 8 Int isprime(int); void main() int p, I,n1,n2; printf("enter the positive integer\n"); scanf("%d%d",&n1,&n2); for(i=n1;i<=n2;i++) p=isprime(i); if(p= =1) printf("%d is prime\n",i); else printf("%d is not prime\n",i); int isprime(int num) int i; for(i=2;i<=num/2;i++) if(num%i==0) return 0; return 1; 8 Explain two categories of argument passing techniques in functions with an example 8 Call by Value (a)whenever function is called the values of the variable is passed. (b)changes made in the formal arguments will not reflect in the actual arguments. Call by Reference

11 (a)whenever function is called the address of the variable is passed. (b)changes made in the formal arguments will reflect in the actual arguments. Call by value example program void swap(int a,int b); void main() int x,y; printf( Enter the two numbers ); scanf( %d%d,&x,&y); printf( Before swapping x=%d & y=%d,x,y); swap( x,y); printf( After swapping x=%d & y=%d,x,y); - void swap(int a,int b) int c; c=a; a=b; b=c; printf( Swapping a=%d and b=%d a,b); Output x=10 and y=20 Before swapping x=10 & y=20 Swapping a=20 and b=10 After swapping x=10 & y=20 Call by reference example program

12 void swap(int *a,int *b); void main() int x,y; printf( Enter the two numbers ); scanf( %d%d,&x,&y); printf( Before swapping x=%d & y=%d,x,y); swap( &x,&y); printf( After swapping x=%d & y=%d,x,y); - void swap(int *a,int *b) int c; c=*a; *a=*b; *b=c; printf( Swapping a=%d and b=%d a,b); Output x=10 and y=20 Before swapping x=10 & y=20 Swapping a=20 and b=10 After swapping x=20 & y=10 PART 5 9 Write a recursive C function to find the factorial of a number, n!, defined by fact(n)=1, if n=0. Otherwise fact(n)=n*fact(n-1). Using this function, write a C program to compute the binomial 8

13 coefficient n C r float Fact(float); Void main() i,x,n,r,ncr; printf("\n\nenter the value of n \n\n"); scanf("%f", &N); printf("\n\nenter the value if r\n\n"); scanf("%f", &R); if(n < R) printf("\n ncr does not exist\n"); exit(0); NCR = (Fact(N)/(Fact(R)*Fact(N-R))); printf("\n %f\t %f \t %f \n", N,R,NCR); Int Fact(int Val) if(val==0) return 1; else return (Val * Fact(Val - 1)); 10 a What is a pointer? Explain how a pointer variable is declared and initialized. Pointer A pointer is a variable which contains the address in memory of another variable. We can have a pointer to any variable type. Declaration of a pointer data_type * pointer_variable_name; Ex: int *p; int *ip; // pointer to an integer double *dp; // pointer to a double float *fp; // pointer to a float char *ch; // pointer to a character initialisation of a pointer variable int a; Declaration int *p;

14 Initialisation p=&a; b What do you mean by Pre-processor directive? With examples, explain File inclusion and macro expansion. Preprocessor directives are lines included in a program that being with the character #, which make them different from a typical source code text. They are invoked by the compiler to process some programs before compilation. Preprocessor directives change the text of the source code and the result is a new source code without these directives. File inclusion #include<stdio.h> Macros #define double(a) #define triple(a) #define square(a) (2*(a)) (3*(a)) (a*a)