MCS-011. June 2014 Solutions Manual IGNOUUSER

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1 MCS-011 June 2014 Solutions Manual IGNOUUSER

2 1 1. (a) Write an algorithm and draw corresponding flowchart to calculate the factorial of a given number. Factorial of a number n n! = 1*2*3*4*...*n Algorithm to find the factorial of a given number Step1: Start Step2: Input num Step3: Set fact=1, i=1 Step4: Repeat steps 5 to 6 while i less than or equal to number Step5: fact = fact * i Step6: i = i + 1 Step7: Display or print fact Step8: Stop Flow Chart to find the factorial of a given number Start input n fact = 1 i = 1 Is i <= n No fact = 1 i = 1 Yes Print fact Stop

3 2 1. (b) Using recursion, generate n terms of Fibonacci series (n>0) Recursive definition of Fibonacci series f(n) = 1 for n=1 or n=2 f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2) for n>=3 Algorithm to generate n terms of fibonacci series Step1: Start Step2: Input n Step3: Set a=1,b=1,c=0 Step4: Print a,b Step5: Set i=2 Step6: Repeat steps 7 to 10 till i<=n Step7: c=a+b Step8: Print c Step9: a=b,b=c Step10: i++ Step11: Stop Program /*Program to Fibonacci series of n terms*/ /*variables declaration*/ int a,b,c,n,i; a=1,b=1,c=0; /*user input*/ printf( Enter the number : ); scanf( %d,&n); /*output first two terms*/ printf( %d %d,a,b); i=2; while (i<=n) c=a+b;

4 3 printf( %d,c); /*swap values*/ a=b; b=c; i++; Output Enter the number : (c) Using file handling, create a file, insert some characters and count them. /*Program to find create a file and insert some characters and count them*/ /*variables declaration*/ FILE *fptr; char c[100],s[100]; int totchars; /*open file myfile.txt in write mode*/ fptr=fopen( myfile.txt, w ); /*Error handling*/ if (fptr == NULL) printf( Error occurred ); return 1; printf( Enter something : ); gets(c); /*write to file*/ fprintf(fptr, %s,c);

5 4 /*close file*/ fclose(fptr); /*To read the file content open file in read mode*/ fptr=fopen( myfile.txt, r ); /*Error handling*/ if (fptr == NULL) printf( Error occurred ); return 1; /*read file content*/ fscanf(fptr, %s,&s); /*close file*/ fclose(fptr); /*count the characters and print*/ totchars = strlen(s); printf( Total characters in file is : %d,totchars); Output A file with name myfile.txt is created and the output will be Enter something : hello Total characters in the file is : 5 2. (a) Write a program to find the string length without using strlen() function. Algorithm Step1: Start Step2: Input string s Step3: Set length = 0 Step4: Repeat step 5 while s*length+!= \0 the string termination character Step5: length++ Step6: Print length Step7: Stop

6 5 Program /*Program to find string length without using strlen()*/ /*variables declaration*/ char s[100]; int length; /*user input*/ printf( Enter the string : ); gets(s); length=0; while (s*length+!= \0 ) length++; /*display output to user*/ printf( \nlength of string %s is %d,s,length); Output Suppose the user enters IGNOU, then the string is stored in memory location as I G N O U \0 Iteration length str[length] 1 1 I 2 2 G 3 3 N 4 4 O 5 5 U 6 5 \0 Loop terminates here 2. (b) Write a program using C to calculate the Net Salary if the basic, TA, DA, allowances and deductions are given using structures concept. Net Salary = Basic + TA + DA + Other allowances - Deductions

7 6 Algorithm Step1: Start Step2: Create structure named salary to hold various salary heads Step3: Create a variable of type salary Step4: Take input of various salary heads into the created variable Step5: Calculate Net Salary Step6: Print the calculated net salary Step7: Stop Program /*Program to find string length without using strlen()*/ /*Structure declaration*/ struct salary char name[50]; int basic, ta,da,other,deductions,net; ; /*variable declarations*/ salary s; /*user inpur*/ printf( Enter name : ); gets(s.name); printf( Enter basic of %s :, s.name); scanf( %d,s.basic); printf( Enter TA of %s, s.name); scanf( %d,s.ta); printf( Enter DA of %s, s.name); scanf( %d,s.da); printf( Enter Other allowances of %s, s.name); scanf( %d,s.other); printf( Enter deductions of %s, s.name); scanf( %d,s.deductions); /*net salary calculations*/ s.net = s.basic + s.ta + s.da + s.other s.deductions; /*output the result*/ printf( \nthe net salary is %d, s.net);

8 7 Output Suppose the user enters Enter name : ignouuser Enter basic of ignouuser: 5600 Enter TA of ignouuser: 1200 Enter DA of ignouuser: 1500 Enter Other allowances of ignouuser : 650 Enter deductions of ignouuser : 1100 The net salary is (a) What is the use of continue statement? Explain with an example. The continue statement works only within loops. It forces the next iteration of the loop to take place skipping the remaining unexecuted statements in the loop In the for loop, continue causes the increment and then the condition test portions of the loop executes. In while loop and do while loop, continue passes the program control to the conditional tests. Example: Suppose we want to write a program to sum all 10 numbers input by user but to ignore the negative numbers input by user. Then the corresponding code portion to do this work is sum = 0; for(i=0;i<n;i++) printf( Enter an integer ); scanf( %d,&x); if (x<0) continue; sum = sum + x; 3. (b) Explain any four string functions with example for each. ***refer ignou block 3. (c) How will you write a function with no arguments and with return value? Give an example In this case the function does not get any data from the calling function but it returns a value to the calling function. Diagrammatically we can represent this by Calling Function No Input Receives Output Defined Function

9 8 Syntax of defining such functions <return type> <function name> Statements;... return <value>; e.g. Program to find sum of two given numbers 30 and 60 /*Program to find sum of 30 and 60 using function*/ /*variable declaration*/ int result; /*function call*/ result = getsum(); /*output the result*/ printf( The answer is %d,result); /*function definition*/ int getsum() /*variable declaration*/ int a=30,b=60,sum; sum=a+b; return sum; 4. (a) Write a program to swap two values using call by value method. In call by value function call, calling function sends the values of the variables to the called function. The value of the actual arguments are copied into the corresponding formal arguments of the called function.

10 9 Program /*Program to swap two values using call by value method*/ /*variable declaration*/ int a,b; a=10, b=20; printf( The values before interchange are %d and %d,a,b); /*function call*/ myswap(a,b); /*function definition*/ void myswap(int x,int y) /*variable declaration*/ int temp; temp=x; x=y; y=temp; /*output result*/ printf( The values after interchange are %d and %d,x,y); Output The values before interchange are 10 and 20 The values after interchange are 20 and 10 Here a and b are actual arguments and x and y are formal arguments When a and b are passed to the function myswap the values of a and b are copied to x and y respectively.

11 10 4. (b) Write a program in C to multiply two matrices A and B Algorithm Step1: Start Step2: Input matrices A of order mxn and B or order pxq Step3: if n!=p then goto step 15 Step4: Create matrix C of order mxq Step5: Set i=0,j=0,k=0 Step6: Repeat steps 7 to 13 till i<m Step7: Repeat steps 8 to 12 till j<q Step8: Set C[i][j] = 0 Step9: Repeat steps 10 to 11 till k<n Step10: Set C[i][j] = C[i][j] + (A[i][k]*B[k][j]) Step11: k++ Step12: j++ Step13: i++ Step14: Print C Step15: Stop Program /*Program to multiply two matrices*/ /*variables declaration*/ int m,n,p,q,i,j,k; int A[10][10], B[10][10], C[10][10]; /*user input*/ printf( Enter the rows and columns of first matrix : ); scanf( %d %d,&m,&n); printf( Enter the rows and columns of second matrix : ); scanf( %d %d,&p,&q); if (n!=p) printf( Cant multiply these matrices ); return 1; printf( Enter the elements of first matrix\n ); for (i=0;i<m;i++) for (j=0;j<n;j++) scanf( %d,&a*i+*j+);

12 11 printf( Enter the elements of second matrix\n ); for(i=0;i<p;i++) for(j=0;j<q;j++) scanf( %d,&b*i+*j+); for(i=0;i<m;i++) for(j=0;j<q;j++) C[i][j]=0; for(k=0;k<n;k++) C[i][j] = C[i][j] + (A[i][k]*B[k][j]); /*output the result*/ printf( \nthe result is \n ); for(i=0;i<m;i++) for(j=0;j<q;j++) printf( %d, C*i+*j+); printf( \n ); Output Enter the rows and columns of first matrix : 2 3 Enter the rows and columns of second matrix : 3 2 Enter the elements of first matrix Enter the elements of second matrix The result is

13 12 5. (a) Write a macro to display the string COBOL in the following pattern C C O C O B C O B O C O B O L Program /*Program to display the string COBOL in given pattern*/ /*Preprocessor Directives*/ #define MYMACRO for(i=0;i<strlen(s);i++) \ \ for(j=0;j<=i;j++) \ \ printf( %c,s*j+); \ \ printf( \n ); \ /*variables declaration*/ int i,j; char s*+= COBOL ; MYMACRO; Output When the program is executed the reference MYMACRO in the main function is replaced by the set of statements contained within the MYMACRO definition and the output will be C CO COB COBO COBOL

14 13 5. (b) Define a macro to find the maximum among of 3 given numbers using # ifdef, #else. Syntax of #ifdef - #else - #endif directives #ifdef MACRONAME statements #else statements #endif Algorithm to find largest among three numbers Step1: Start Step2: Input a,b,c Step3: Set large = a Step4: If b is greator than large then set large=b; Step5: If c is greator than large the set large = c; Step6: print large Step7: Stop Program /*Program to find max of 3 numbers using #ifdef and #else directives*/ /*Preprocessor Directives*/ #define TEMP /*variables declaration*/ int a,b,c,result; #ifdef TEMP /*user input*/ printf( Enter three numbers : ); scanf( %d %d %d,&a,&b,&c); large=a; if (b>large) large=b; if (c>large) large=c;

15 14 #else #endif /*output the result*/ printf( \nthe largest is : %d,large); /*do nothing*/ Output Enter three numbers : The largest is : 15

16 15 For any queries do write to me at

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PESIT Bangalore South Campus Hosur road, 1km before Electronic City, Bengaluru -100 Department of Basic Science and Humanities Continuous Internal Evaluation Test 2 Date: 0-10- 2017 Marks: 0 Subject &