Are You Smarter Than Your Video System?

Transcription

1 Are You Smarter Than Your Video System? Functionality and Technology of Video Surveillance Systems Presented By Jeffrey A. Slotnick CPP, PSP & James Marcella, Director, Technical Services, Axis Communications

2 Video surveillance use cases > Transit > Loss prevention > Educational campuses > Banking > Urban surveillance > Public arenas > Residential > Gaming > Public safety

3 System classifications Observation Lower resolution High refresh rates Forensic review Excellent coverage HDTV great for evidence Recognition High pixels High bandwidth

4 Analog systems overview > If the system is primarily used for observation or surveillance, design emphasis is placed on the viewing refresh rate > Minimizing the control latency (both camera control delay and switching delay) is extremely important and one benefit that an analog system offers > It is challenging for a surveillance operator to follow a subject using a PTZ camera on a network-based video system that was not designed with a fast control response in mind

5 IP systems overview > Video over IP is best defined as the deployment of video information over a network that conforms to the OSI layer model. This includes support of cameras and encoders transmitting using various protocols including TCP/IP, UDP and FTP. Devices that stream video over IP Networks transmit frames and packets of video data to a single location or multiple locations for different purposes.

6 Benefits of IP video > Lower total cost of ownership for life cycle of the system > IP video system devices often require less maintenance and system downtime > IP video is deployed and expanded future devices are connected to the nearest network access location > Live or recorded video viewed anywhere at anytime, permitting a better use of the video system investment

7 Benefits of IP video > Open infrastructure permits integration of devices from different manufacturers > Higher-end imaging like Megapixel & Progressive Scan are available > Direct Attached Storage and Storage Area Networks are easily scalable and provide future growth

8 Camera system technologies

9 Cameras > When you consider camera technology, functionality, and use, there are several major classifications; Fixed Fixed-zoom Pan-tilt-zoom(PTZ) Unitized dome Board cameras and miniature cameras

10 Analog cameras > Today s analog cameras are actually fully digital inside as they contain a DSP (digital signal processor) that allows for various image processing technologies to be applied > Mature technology with broad product portfolio > Challenges: Interlaced sensors A/D conversion TCO includes encoding

11 IP cameras > Fully digital solution from image capture to storage > Offers higher resolution with HDTV options and progressive scan sensors for surveillance professionals > Takes advantage of mature network standards that are proven across all markets > Embedded processing for intelligence at the edge > Challenges: Disruptive technology Understanding TCO

12 Camera feature set Verify your camera has the following features > Wide Dynamic range > C/CS lens mount options > Day / Night capability if required > CCD or CMOS > SMPTE compliant HDTV > 802.3af POE > Capacity for onboard storage and/or analytics

13 IP video encoders > Converts video from analog cameras into multiple video streams that may be accepted by the Network Video Recorder or Control Command Center > Encoders support one or a number of types of PTZ camera control protocols that are multiplexed over the coaxial cable or connected via serial

14 Encoding technology overview > Three encoding techniques MJPEG MPEG-4 H.264 > Situational use of all three defined by the application deployed or compliance doctrines. > H.264 rapidly becoming standard of choice due to storage and bandwidth savings > Compression levels often overlooked

15 M-JPEG

16 H ,5 40 1,6 60 1,1 80 0,7 100

17 Inter-frame video codec H.264 GOV-Lenght

18 Day/Night capability > Have the capability of viewing near-ir light, usually in the range of 850 ~ 880 nm > Incandescent-based IR lights present danger due to the heat and infrared radiation > LED based illuminators do not have this problem > Auto and manual color-to-black & white capability

19 Thermal cameras > Capture heat or temperature values of a scene and not light > These cameras are especially useful in viewing dark scenes for activities that have heat signatures > This type of camera can be used to supplement visual and physical perimeter facility patrols

20 Lenses > Photography vs. Surveillance cameras Megapixel > Significant factor for image quality rendered > Advances in lens technology: P-Iris Megapixel resolutions Remote focus vs. remote back focus Remote zoom

21 Lighting > Lighting requirements depend on: Sensitivity of the imager, lux Functional use of the video surveillance system Color temperature of existing lighting > Requires image processing in camera that includes: White balance Gain Shutter speed > Challenges: No industry standard for defining sensitivity

22 Supplemental illumination > White vs. infrared light > Depends on the needs of the scene > Infrared Illumination is an excellent tool to add directional and flood lighting to key areas > Challenges: Matching camera specification to scene

23 Pixels, imager sizes and sensitivity > Imager vs. pixel size > The smaller the pixel the more light is needed to activate an individual pixel element. > Imagers improve dramatically year over year > Challenges: Lens technology cannot keep up with sensor improvements CCD vs. CMOS

24 HDTV > Consumer electronics advances benefit the other industries > HDTV has positively impacted the video surveillance industry and therefore guarantees the expectation of video quality, frame rate and color fidelity > Provides a convenient and economical solution for observation, forensic review and recognition

25 HDTV, continued > HDTV provides up to five times higher resolution than standard analog TV > The two most important HDTV standards today are SMPTE 296M and SMPTE 274M, which are defined by the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, SMPTE > HDTV broadcast systems are identified with four major parameters: Frame size in pixels Frame rate Color Fidelity Aspect Ratio 16:9

26 Challenges with HDTV > Higher the resolution the more storage and bandwidth is required > Marketing terminology vs. SMPTE compliance Hi-Def imagery HD cameras

27 Recording Options

28 Recording systems > Digital Video Recorders (DVR) > Network Video Recorders (NVR) > Video Management Systems

29 Digital video recorders > Typically associated with hybrid or analog installations > PC platform but considered proprietary by IT professionals > Most are networked but not all accept IP camera video streams. > Challenges: Defined channel density IT compliance testing Forklift upgrade

30 Network video recorders > Typically associated with IP systems > PC based systems that are application specific Transportation Law enforcement Military

31 Video management systems > Associated with IP systems > PC platform independent due to industry standards > Camera independent, truly open platform > Challenges: VMS feature creep Not a Boxed solution Requires integration

32 Cloud computing > Cloud Computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction This definition is from the latest draft of the NIST Working Definition of Cloud Computing published by the U.S. Government's National Institute of Standards and Technology.)

33 Cloud computing > Private, Enterprise, and Public Cloud > There are significant benefits for deploying these solutions: No Software upgrades or Anti-virus software required for duration of service Mobile and Remote devices like Blackberry, Android, iphones, ipads and Laptops are supported directly from internet site: you still get alarms, real time and recorded video even if local storage is damaged Reduced installation time Works with existing infrastructure

34 Cloud definitions > Public Cloud Characterized as being available to clients from a third party service provider via the Internet > Private Cloud Same features as above but managed within the organization > Community Cloud A community cloud is controlled and used by a group of organizations that have shared interests > Hybrid Cloud A combination of a public and private clouds that interoperate

35 Video Intelligence

36 Industry transformation CCTV Today: inefficient, expensive Smart Video: Real-Time, Relevant = high value

37 The challenge > Video surveillance is a booming business, and installations become larger and larger > Studies from Sandia N. Lab, US, concluded that personnel can only watch one monitor for 20 minutes before losing focus > So why do we expect a high attention span for hours on multiple monitors? > And how do we turn video surveillance from a reactive tool to a pro-active instrument?

38 The solution Intelligent Video > Intelligent video is a collection of technical solutions that makes it possible for systems and people to efficiently cope with large amount of video data.

39 Some capabilities of Intelligent Video > Automatically analyzes and tags surveillance video in real-time > Detects suspicious activities > Initiates video recording, alarms or other actions > Alerts operators or field personnel

40 Main benefits of Intelligent Video > Available 24/7/365 Relieves burden from operators Information when you need it Minimizes human errors > Creates new business possibilities Store optimization in retail, cue management in transportation, etc. > Enables users to be proactive Preventing crime rather than reacting after the fact > Lowers the total cost More efficient use of staff Reduced network load and storage needs Faster return-on-investment

41 Example Video Motion Detection > Why record hours of video where nothing happens? > With Intelligent Video, the system will only record when there s motion in the scenery

42 Example Active Tampering Alarm > If somebody has redirected or painted your camera, how will you know? > With Intelligent Video, the system will tell you

43 Example Auto-tracking > How do you ensure enough image detail of activities even when monitoring large areas? > With Intelligent Video, the camera will automatically zoom in and follow moving persons or vehicles

44 Example People counting > Want to know the number of visitors to your store? > With Intelligent Video, the camera can do the counting for you

45 Example Real estate protection > How can you know when someone is approaching? > With Intelligent Video, a digital fence can be set up that sends an alert when security is breached

46 Example: License plate capture > These are specialized cameras that are specifically designed to capture license plate information, for processing by a License Plate Recognition (LPR) system > LPC represents an excellent opportunity to perform access control and visitor tracking in a passive manner

47 Video analytics core functionality > Detects, classifies, and tracks multiple objects simultaneously Not affected by changes in illumination, or weather > Detects Events Motion: move in wrong direction, enter/exit, running, loitering People interaction: people merge, people talked Traffic rules: illegal parking, illegal U-turn, pulled off road Object interaction: object left unattended, object removed Video events: video lost/restored, camera blocked, etc. > User Assigned Alarm Levels Sort alarms/events by significance Raise real-time alarms > Fast Search and Retrieval By object, by event, by camera, by date and/or time > Remote Accessibility Configuring, monitoring, forensics

48 How it works > Add multiple protective elements in each scene > Set severity levels to alarm or just to store in the database > CAMERA VIEWS and RULES can be set up on site or remotely FENCE CLIMBING SETUP EARLY WARNING RESTRICTED ZONE SETUP DIRECTIONAL TRESPASS LINE SETUP

49 Multi-zone camera setup CLASSIFIED INTERIOR RESTRICTED ZONE Will detect a person or vehicle entering inside the fence line, and ignore animals, rain, snow, birds, etc. EARLY WARNING ON COUNTY ROAD Will detect the presence of a loitering or stopped vehicle, based on rules selected

50 Video analytics Detects, classifies, tracks, logs, and alarms on events or behaviors that you specify > Entering / exiting a restricted zone > Loitering People or Objects > Trespassing Crossing a virtual trip wire > A person climbing a fence > Objects merged Meeting an accomplice > Traveling in the wrong direction (vehicles or people) > Illegal U-turns > Failure to stop > Objects split > Object started/stopped moving > Person began running

51 System Design

52 Video surveillance design > Plan the solution > Select camera types and imaging requirements > Determine initial system selection type > Calculate bandwidth and storage values > Develop bandwidth/network routing maps > Verify infrastructure compatibility > Apply topology requirements > Encourage convergence > Make resolution adjustments > Verify recording, control and management system design

53 Video surveillance design > Check common network usage scenarios > Develop a comprehensive performance specification for a videobased surveillance system > Publish a network video commissioning statement > Pre-project diagram development > Project management > Testing > Acceptance test based on specified expectation of video surveillance system performance > Framework for continuous performance verification > Develop master bill of material > Project diagram development

54 Upgrades > The Video surveillance designer should consider the life cycle of the solution and always keep track of technology refreshes available and their possible savings > When to and how to upgrade can have great impact on the design process

55 Upgrade considerations > The path to an IP video upgrade leads to great benefits and can work over virtually any infrastructure with the appropriate media converters > Should the upgrade include Interoperate, Integrate or Interface to various systems > Should the user postpone interoperability, and what are the ramifications > Should the running of concurrent systems be a consideration > Is Quality of Service and Fault Tolerance improved with the upgrade > Logical and Network Security Issues for the Integration upgrade

56 Legacy systems > Both financial and operations efficiencies can be realized through legacy system upgrade and a technology refresh. Keep what works and enhance/replace with solutions and devices that contribute directly as relevant tools for the end user.

57 Manpower and video surveillance > There is always a continuing, controversial discussion about whether technology should be used to replace or enhance the security guard force, and how can video surveillance can specifically be used > There are multiple, global case studies showing that manned security has been significantly enhanced and in some cases replaced with video-based technology > Will the balance of manpower and technology change in the next ten years?

58 Privacy and legal Video surveillance continues to be a sensitive issue in many workplaces > Use video surveillance only when justified by a legitimate business purpose > Limit video surveillance to the least intrusive time, place, and method > Use only visible cameras > Obtain written employee consent to video surveillance for legitimate business purposes. > Do not use video surveillance in areas where employees have a reasonable expectation of privacy

59 Privacy and legal, continued > Do not use video surveillance devices that capture or record sound without complying with federal and state wiretap laws > If the workplace is unionized, comply with any provisions in the collective bargaining agreement concerning video surveillance > Do not use video surveillance in connection with union activities > Do not select employees for video surveillance in a manner that might be considered discriminatory > Do not select employees for video surveillance in retaliation for exercising rights under any law

60 Privacy and legal, continued > Determine whether the company is subject to a state or local law dealing with video surveillance and comply with that law > Train supervisors in the legal issues involved in video surveillance > Treat information obtained through video surveillance as confidential, and limit access > Adopt procedural safeguards to avoid unintended or improper use of work-related video recordings

61 The future > It s always fun to imagine what will be useful to users of video surveillance systems in the future One possibility might be in the way cameras communicate with each other. Cameras that not only become intelligent by way of small programs or specialized algorithms written for them will, when multiplied, become an intelligent "Security Net" or "Intelligent Hive" that can communicate in a peer to peer manner, analyzing and tracking potential threats, dynamically reallocating collective computing power and learning from the results. The collective "intelligence" of years of metadata and event results will work for the end user and be pro-active in providing the most appropriate response to a given situation. The use of the cloud to support all of these efforts is evolutionary, not revolutionary

62 partner network Axis HDTV open camera megapixel leader worldwide network video Thank you! safe environment innovation protect Get the Axis picture. Stay one step ahead. competence leader image usability easy installation thermal global focus convergence intelligent outdoor ease of use H.264 integration video encoder