Introduc)on to Biology. Review Sheet Answers

Transcription

1 Introduc)on to Biology Review Sheet Answers

2 Microscope History and Cell Basics Name and describe the two most common types of LIGHT* microscopes? Simple: Only have one lens. Compound: It has two lenses.

3 Microscope History and Cell Basics What is a cell? The most basic unit of structure and func)on in a living organism.

4 Microscope History and Cell Basics Robert Hooke and Anton van Leeuwenhoek are two important individuals in science. What did they contribute? Hooke discovered cells for the first )me. van Leeuwenhoek was the first person to see bacteria with the microscope.

5 Microscope Care Why is it important to be careful with the lenses? How can you help to protect them? If you aren t careful, fingerprints and dust may collect on the lenses. Also, the lenses are very easily scratched. To protect them, NEVER touch them not even the eye piece. If you no)ce one is blurry, and the microscope is focused, let Mrs. Denley know.

6 Microscope Care How should you carry the microscope? With two hands: One on the arm One on the base

7 Microscope Care When you finish using a microscope, there are two things you must do to the microscope before you clean up. What are they? Rotate the objec)ve lenses so that the lowest power is above the stage. Cover the microscope with the dust cover.

8 Microscope Care At the end of the lab, it is your responsibility to clean up. What does this mean? Clean all slides Clean up your materials Clean your work area (THROW AWAY YOUR TRASH!!)

9 Microscope Anatomy These are both a review, but they are concepts you need to con<nue to know and understand. You don t have to write anything for them here, but they will be on your quiz, so make sure you study them! Be able to label the microscope. Know the func)ons of each of the parts.

10 Using the Microscope Fill- in- the- Blank Make sure your objec)ve lens is on LOW power before you place the slide on the stage. Always place the specimen directly above the APERTURE; otherwise you won t be able to see your image. To begin focusing the microscope, only use the COARSE adjustment knob. For a clearer image, use the FINE adjustment knob. On medium and high powers, you can only use the FINE adjustment knob. If you have difficulty focusing your image, always go back to LOW power and begin focusing again.

11 Using the Microscope Fill- in- the- Blank When you observe an image under the microscope, you ll no)ce is that it is UPSIDE DOWN and BIGGER. If you move the slide to the right, the image appears to move to the LEFT. Alterna)vely, if you move the slide to the le\, the image appears to move to the RIGHT. Everything seems to be the OPPOSITE of what it really is.

12 Microscope Magnifica<on 1. Magnifica)on power of the lowest objec)ve lens: 4X 2. Magnifica)on power of the medium objec)ve lens: 10X 3. Magnifica)on power of the highest objec)ve lens: 40X 4. Magnifica)on power of the eyepiece: 10X 5. Power of magnifica)on of the lowest objec)ve lens: 40X 6. Power of magnifica)on of the medium objec)ve lens: 100X 7. Power of magnifica)on of the highest objec)ve lens: 400X

13 Microscope Magnifica<on 1. What is the difference between magnifica)on power and power of magnifica)on? Magnifica)on power is the magnifica)on of each objec)ve lens and the eye piece. The power of magnifica)on is the combina)on of the eyepiece and the individual objec)ve lens. To determine this, you mul)ply the two magnifica)ons together.

14 Microscope Magnifica<on

15 Abio)c/Bio)c 1. Compare and contrast abio)c and bio)c. Abio)c: Has never lived and will never live. Bio)c: Was once alive, is living, or was made from something that was once alive. 2. Give two examples of both bio)c and abio)c (4 total). Abio)c: Weather, Rocks, Minerals, Water, etc. Bio)c: Plants, Animals, Food, etc.

16 What is cellular organiza)on? Cell: The most basic unit of structure and func)on in a living organism. Unicellular: Single- celled Organism Mul)- cellular Organisms are composed of many cells.

17 What is Life? What is the most abundant chemical in an organism? Water Why do organisms need energy? Give two examples of energy use? Energy is needed to perform all the things organisms do. Ex: sleeping, talking, breathing, ea)ng, playing sports

18 How are growth and development different? Growth: The organism gets bigger Develop: The organism changes into something more complex

19 Define response and s)mulus. Give an example of each. S)mulus: Change in an organism s surroundings. Ex: A doorbell Response: An organism s reac)on to a s)mulus Ex: The dog barks

20 What is spontaneous genera)on? The mistaken idea that living organisms can come from non- living sources.

21 In class, we discussed two controlled experiments performed by two different scien)sts. Pick one experiment and describe it. You will need to label the variable in your descrip)on! Redi wanted to prove that maggots did not come from meat. He placed raw meat into two jars. He covered one with cloth, but le\ the other one uncovered. The uncovered one ajracted flies, and thus, had maggots, while the covered one did not. Variable: One covered jar; one uncovered jar. Another example is by Louis Pasteur

22 What are the four basic needs of all living organisms? Energy Water Living Space Stable Internal Condi)ons What is the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph? H: Must get food from another source A: Can make their own food.

23 What is living space? Organisms must have a place to obtain food, water, and shelter. Define homeostasis. The ability to maintain stable internal condi)ons despite a change in the environment.