Figure 1. (43) International Publication Date WO 2015/ Al 9 July 2015 ( ) W P O P C T. [Continued on nextpage]

Transcription

1 (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2015/ Al 9 July 2015 ( ) W P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every H04W 8/12 ( ) H04W 28/22 ( ) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, (21) International Application Number: BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, PCT/IB2013/ DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, (22) International Filing Date: HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KN, KP, KR, 3 1 December 2013 ( ) KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, (25) Filing Language: English OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, (26) Publication Language: English SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, (71) Applicant: TURKCELL TEKNOLOJI ARASTIRMA ZW. VE GELISTIRME A.S. [TR/TR]; Tubitak Marmara Ara stirma Merkezi, Gebze Yerleskesi, Teknoloji Serbest Bol- (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every gesi Gebze, Kocaeli (TR). kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, (72) Inventor: UZUN, Orcun; Turkcell Teknoloji Arastirma UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, TJ, Ve Gelistirme A.s., Tubitak Marmara Arastirma Merkezi TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, Gebze Yerleskesi Gebze, Kocaeli (TR). EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, LV, MC, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, SE, SI, SK, SM, (74) Agent: TRITECH PATENT TRADEMARK CON TR), OAPI (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, GQ, GW, SULTANCY INC.; Buklum Sokak No. 119/7 Kavaklidere KM, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG). Cankaya, Ankara (TR). (54) Title: MODIFYING MOBILE DATA SPEED OF AN OUTBOUND ROAMER [Continued on nextpage] Figure 1 (57) Abstract: The present invention is basically related to a system and method for modifying 1 mobile data speed of an outbound roamer in real m e depending on different criteria such as the visited operator, inter-operator agreements, type of mobile device and subscriber segment. The said system (1) comprises visitor SGSN (2), HLR (3), roaming data speed determination unit (4) and a database (41).

2 Published: w o 2015/ A llll II II 11III II I 1 1III II I II II III II I II

3 MODIFYING MOBILE DATA SPEED OF AN OUTBOUND ROAMER Technical Field The present invention is basically related to a system and method for modifying mobile data speed of an outbound roamer in real time depending on different criteria such as the visited operator, inter-operator agreements, type of mobile device and subscriber segment. Background of the Invention Mobile devices and mobile networks are being used at an enormously increasing rate in today's world. With the growing capabilities of mobile devices, the types of services received and used by mobile devices and usage volume of them are changing day by day. Most mobile subscribers are now using data services nearly as much as voice and texting services. Therefore it is a necessity for mobile operators to provide data services to subscribers in high quality not just in their home networks but also in foreign networks by roaming procedures. Data services in roaming are one of the most important revenue sources of mobile operators. Therefore it is crucial to provide and modify the data services in roaming in a way that supplies maximum profit to mobile operator and maximum satisfaction to subscriber. Inter-operator agreements determine the behavior of a mobile operator towards other operators. For the roaming case, some of the operators are preferred operators as the home operator has the most beneficial roaming agreement and also the foreign operator provides high quality mobile services. Some of the

4 operators are not-preferred or forbidden as the home operator does not have beneficial agreements with them. Especially for mobile data services, the need for real time optimization depending on different contributors is critical. Depending on the roaming agreements, operator service quality, the access technology (2G, WCDMA, HSPA, LTE etc.), subscription type of subscriber, mobile device type, the home operator needs to change (increase or decrease) the mobile data speed within the visited operator. Since there is not a solution in state of the art for modifying roaming mobile data speeds in real time, mobile operators lose revenue when an outbound roamer registers with forbidden foreign mobile operator and uses data services at high volume. Moreover, when an outbound roamer registers with a forbidden operator which has a poor service of quality and experience difficulties with using data services at high data speeds, this brings customer dissatisfaction for the mobile operator. Different kind of dissatisfaction may occur with existing steering of roaming products. If there is no coverage other than the forbidden operator in the area where subscriber is and an existing steering of roaming product of home mobile operator is preventing subscriber from registering with forbidden operator constantly, this means subscriber will not be able to use mobile network services at said area. If there is no possibility of steering subscriber to a preferred mobile operator in an area, it would increase customer satisfaction to modify services of subscriber (decreasing the mobile data speed to decrease volume of data usage) instead of completely preventing subscriber to use service. Both loss of revenue and customer dissatisfaction are two important problems for mobile operators caused by not being able to change the roaming mobile data speed of outbound roamers in real time.

5 Regarding said problems, an inventive solution which allows modifying data speed of outbound roamers depending on the subscription type of subscribers, mobile operator agreements, foreign mobile operator service type and capabilities, mobile device type etc. by actively monitoring GPRS Mobility Signaling, is needed. The United States patent document no. US , an application in the state of the art, discloses a method and system for data session establishment from a mobile device in a multiple networks scenario, the method including, checking whether an identifier for an first network is on a blacklist on the mobile device; if the first network identifier is not on the blacklist, attempting to establish a data connection with the first network; and if the first network identifier is on the blacklist, establishing a data connection with a second network. The method and system for data session establishment include deriving and maintaining the blacklist. Summary of the Invention An objective of the present invention is to modify mobile data speed of an outbound roamer in real time depending on different criteria such as the visited operator, inter-operator agreements, type of mobile device and subscriber segment by actively monitoring GPRS Mobility Signaling. Description of the Invention "A System and Method for Modifying Mobile Data Speed of an Outbound Roamer" realized to fulfill the objectives of the present invention is shown in the figures attached, in which:

6 Figure 1 is a schematic block diagram of the inventive system. Figure 2 is a flowchart of the inventive method. The components illustrated in the figures are individually numbered, where the numbers refer to the following: 1. System 2. Visitor SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node) 3. HLR (Home Location Register) 4. Roaming data speed determination unit 41. Database A system (1) which enables modifying mobile data speed of an outbound roamer: at least one visitor SGSN (2) which is responsible for the delivery of data packets from and to the subscribers roaming within its geographical service area in VPLMN, at least one HLR (3) which is in HPLMN and keeps subscription data of subscriber and provides said data to SGSN (2) when registration request for roaming subscriber is received from SGSN (2), at least one roaming data speed determination unit (4) which is located in HPLMN, monitors and receives registration request related messages sent from SGSN (2) to HLR (3) before HLR (3), extracts subscriber, mobile device, SGSN (2) related data from said message, obtains subscriber, mobile device and foreign operator related information corresponding the extracted data, determines the appropriate roaming mobile data speed of the outbound roamer according to obtained information, monitors and receives registration request related messages sent from HLR (3) to SGSN (2) before SGSN (2) and modifies the message related to roaming mobile data by

7 changing the maximum data speed value to determined roaming mobile data speed in said message before message reaches SGSN (2), at least one database (41) which is included in roaming data speed determination unit (4) and stores information that enables roaming data speed determination unit (4) to determine appropriate roaming mobile data speed for outbound roamer (Figure 1). SGSN (2) is the component which is responsible for the delivery of data packets from and to the subscribers roaming within its geographical service area in VPLMN. Its (2) tasks include packet routing and transfer, mobility management (attach/detach and location management), logical link management, and authentication and charging functions. The location register of the SGSN (2) stores location information and subscriber data of all GPRS users registered with it. SGSN (2) sends registration requests towards HLR (3) to obtain subscription data of the subscribers who are roaming outside of HPLMN within a MSC's (Mobile Switching Center) location area in VPLMN. SGSN (2) belongs to the foreign mobile operator which is in VPLMN and requests registering outbound roaming subscriber of subscriber's home mobile operator in HPLMN. Registration request related message from SGSN (2) is received by roaming data speed determination unit (4) before HLR (3) in HPLMN. HLR (3) is a database in HPLMN containing subscription data regarding to subscribers and provides said data to SGSN (2) in multiple messages when registration request for roaming subscriber is received from SGSN (2).

8 HLR (3) belongs to the outbound roaming subscriber's home mobile operator which is in HPLMN. Roaming data speed determination unit (4) is the unit which is located in HPLMN, monitors and receives registration request related messages sent from SGSN (2) to HLR (3) before HLR (3), extracts subscriber, mobile device, SGSN (2) related data from said message, obtains subscriber, mobile device and foreign operator related information from database (41) corresponding the extracted data, determines the appropriate roaming mobile data speed according to obtained information from database (41), monitors and receives registration request related messages sent from HLR (3) to SGSN (2) before SGSN (2) and modifies the message related to roaming mobile data by changing the maximum data speed value to determined roaming mobile data speed in said message before message reaches SGSN (2). In preferred embodiment of the invention, roaming data speed determination unit (4) monitors and receives GPRS LU (GPRS Location Update) message sent from SGSN (2) to HLR (3) before HLR (3). Extracted data from GPRS LU message are EVISI and SGSN Address data. In an embodiment of the invention IMEI of mobile device is also extracted if EVIEI is available within GPRS LU message. Obtained information from database (41) includes subscription type information of outbound roamer based on EVISI, mobile device type information based on IMSI or EVIEI, foreign mobile operator identification information based on SGSN Address, supported access type information of identified foreign mobile operator and roaming agreements of mobile operator in HPLMN with foreign operator identified. In one embodiment of the invention, based on obtained information from database (41), roaming data speed determination unit (4) determines appropriate roaming mobile data speed in the following manner:

9 If there is a roaming agreement between home mobile operator and foreign mobile operator (i.e. foreign mobile operator is a preferred mobile operator) and outbound roaming subscriber has a postpaid subscription and a reputable loyalty with home mobile operator, roaming mobile data speed is set to be highest available that foreign mobile operator can provide based on access type information of foreign mobile operator and mobile device of subscriber can use based mobile device type of outbound roaming subscriber. If the foreign operator is not a preferred one and/or if the subscriber has a pre-paid subscription and/or if foreign mobile operator access type information defines a low speed mobile data service of foreign mobile operator and/or mobile device of subscriber is technologically sufficient to use highest speed available, roaming data speed determination unit (4) determines appropriate roaming mobile data speed as a lower rate than the highest one or even lowest rate available by considering conditional statements above. In other words, roaming data speed determination unit (4) determines roaming mobile data speed based on obtained information from database (41) in a way that subscriber's mobile data usage in outbound roaming with the foreign mobile operator which owns SGSN (2) will provide maximum profit to home mobile operator in HPLMN and if possible also the lowest roaming mobile data cost to subscriber. In preferred embodiment of the invention, roaming data speed determination unit (4) monitor and receives ISD (Insert Subscriber Data) messages sent from HLR (3) to SGSN (2) before SGSN (2). Modified message by roaming data speed determination unit (4) is the ISD message that contains GPRS Subscription Data. Roaming data speed determination unit (4) modifies maximum downlink and

10 uplink data speed value in this message by changing said value to appropriate mobile data speed value which is previously determined by it (4). Database (41) is included in roaming data speed determination unit (4) and stores information that enables roaming data speed determination unit (4) to determine appropriate roaming mobile data speed for outbound roamer. In preferred embodiment of the invention, database (41) stores subscription type information (prepaid, postpaid) of subscribers paired with IMSI, mobile device type information paired with IMSI or IMEI, foreign mobile operators identification paired with SGSN Address, supported access type information of foreign mobile operators, roaming agreements of mobile operator in HPLMN with foreign operators in VPLMN. A method (100) which enables modifying mobile data speed of an outbound roamer comprises steps of: - SGSN (2) sending a GPRS LU message towards HLR (3) (101); - roaming data speed determination unit (4) receiving GPRS LU message before HLR (3) (102); - roaming data speed determination unit (4) extracting subscriber, mobile device, SGSN (2) related data from GPRS LU message (103); - roaming data speed determination unit (4) obtaining subscriber, mobile device and foreign operator related information from database (41) corresponding the extracting data (104); - roaming data speed determination unit (4) determining the appropriate roaming mobile data speed according to obtained information from database (41) (105); - roaming data speed determination unit (4) relaying GPRS LU message to HLR (3) (106); - HLR (3) sending ISD messages towards SGSN (2) to complete registration (107);

11 - roaming data speed determination unit (4) receiving ISD messages before SGSN (2) (108), - roaming data speed determination unit (4) modifying only the ISD message which contains GPRS Subscription Data by changing the maximum data speed parameter value to determined roaming mobile data speed (109), - roaming data speed determination unit (4) relaying modified ISD message to SGSN (2) ( 110) (Figure 2). Although the inventive system (1) and method (100) are described in GPRS networks, one skilled in the art can comprehend that they (1, 100) are applicable on LTE networks as well. It is possible to develop various embodiments of the inventive system (1) and method (100), it cannot be limited to examples disclosed herein and it is essentially according to claims.

12 CLAIMS A system (1) which enables which enables modifying mobile data speed of an outbound roamer comprising at least one visitor SGSN (2) which is responsible for the delivery of data packets from and to the subscribers roaming within its geographical service area in VPLMN, at least one HLR (3) which is in HPLMN and keeps subscription data of subscriber and provides said data to SGSN (2) when registration request for roaming subscriber is received from SGSN (2), at least one roaming data speed determination unit (4) which is located in HPLMN and determines the appropriate roaming mobile data speed of an outbound roamer, at least one database (41) which is included in roaming data speed determination unit (4) and stores information that enables roaming data speed determination unit (4) to determine appropriate roaming mobile data speed for outbound roamer and characterized by at least one roaming data speed determination unit (4) which is located in HPLMN, monitors and receives registration request related messages sent from SGSN (2) to HLR (3) before HLR (3), extracts subscriber, mobile device, SGSN (2) related data from said message, obtains subscriber, mobile device and foreign operator related information corresponding the extracted data, determines the appropriate roaming mobile data speed according to obtained information, monitors and receives registration request related messages sent from HLR (3) to SGSN (2) before SGSN (2) and modifies the message related to roaming mobile data by changing the maximum data speed value to determined roaming mobile data speed in said message before message reaches SGSN (2).

13 A system (1) according to Claim 1, characterized by roaming data speed determination unit (4) which monitors and receives GPRS LU (GPRS Location Update) message sent from SGSN (2) to HLR (3) before HLR (3). A system (1) according to Claim 1 or Claim 2, characterized by roaming data speed determination unit (4) which extracts IMSI and SGSN Address data from GPRS LU message. A system (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by roaming data speed determination unit (4) which extracts IMEI of mobile device from GPRS LU message. A system (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by roaming data speed determination unit (4) which obtains subscription type information of outbound roamer based on IMSI, mobile device type information based on IMSI or IMEI, foreign mobile operator identification information based on SGSN Address, supported access type information of identified foreign mobile operator and roaming agreements of mobile operator in HPLMN with foreign operator identified, from database (41). A system (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by roaming data speed determination unit (4) which determines appropriate roaming mobile data speed in the following manner: if there is a roaming agreement between home mobile operator and foreign mobile operator (i.e. foreign mobile operator is a preferred mobile operator) and outbound roaming subscriber has a postpaid subscription and a reputable loyalty with home mobile operator, roaming mobile data speed is set to be highest available that foreign mobile operator can provide based on access type information of foreign mobile operator and mobile device of subscriber can use based mobile device type of outbound roaming subscriber.

14 7. A system (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by roaming data speed determination unit (4) which determines appropriate roaming mobile data speed in the following manner: if the foreign operator is not a preferred one and/or if the subscriber has a pre-paid subscription and/or if foreign mobile operator access type information defines a low speed mobile data service of foreign mobile operator and/or mobile device of subscriber is technologically sufficient to use highest speed available, roaming data speed determination unit (4) determines appropriate roaming mobile data speed as a lower rate than the highest one or even lowest rate available by considering conditional statements above. 8. A system (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by roaming data speed determination unit (4) which monitors and receives ISD (Insert Subscriber Data) messages sent from HLR (3) to SGSN (2) before SGSN (2). 9. A system (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by roaming data speed determination unit (4) which modifies the ISD message that contains GPRS Subscription Data. 10. A system (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by roaming data speed determination unit (4) which modifies maximum downlink and uplink data speed value in ISD message that contains GPRS Subscription Data by changing said value to appropriate mobile data speed value which is previously determined by it (4). 11. A system (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by database (41) which stores subscription type information (prepaid, postpaid) of subscribers paired with IMSI, mobile device type information paired with

15 EVISI or V E I, foreign mobile operators identification paired with SGSN Address, supported access type information of foreign mobile operators, roaming agreements of mobile operator in HPLMN with foreign operators in VPLMN. 12. A method (100) which enables modifying mobile data speed of an outbound roamer characterized in that: - SGSN (2) sending a GPRS LU message towards HLR (3) (101); - roaming data speed determination unit (4) receiving GPRS LU message before HLR (3) (102); - roaming data speed determination unit (4) extracting subscriber, mobile device, SGSN (2) related data from GPRS LU message (103); - roaming data speed determination unit (4) obtaining subscriber, mobile device and foreign operator related information from database (41) corresponding the extracting data ( 104); - roaming data speed determination unit (4) determining the appropriate roaming mobile data speed according to obtained information from database (41) (105); - roaming data speed determination unit (4) relaying GPRS LU message to HLR (3) (106); - HLR (3) sending ISD messages towards SGSN (2) to complete registration (107); - roaming data speed determination unit (4) receiving ISD messages before SGSN (2) (108), - roaming data speed determination unit (4) modifying only the ISD message which contains GPRS Subscription Data by changing the maximum data speed parameter value to determined roaming mobile data speed (109), - roaming data speed determination unit (4) relaying modified ISD message to SGSN (2) ( 110)

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18 A. CLASSIFICATION O F SUBJECT MATTER INV. ADD. H04W8/12 H04W28/22 According to International Patent Classification (IPC) or to both national classification and IPC B. FIELDS SEARCHED Minimum documentation searched (classification system followed by classification symbols) H0 4 Documentation searched other than minimum documentation to the extent that such documents are included in the fields searched Electronic data base consulted during the international search (name of data base and, where practicable, search terms used) EPO-Internal, COMPENDEX, INSPEC, WPI Data C. DOCUMENTS CONSIDERED TO B E RELEVANT Category* Citation of document, with indication, where appropriate, of the relevant passages Relevant to claim No. WO 2012/ Al (ERICSSON TELEFON AB L M 1-12 [SE] ; SANDER ANN-CHRISTINE [SE] ; KELLER RALF [ ) 19 July 2012 ( ) page 6, l i ne 23 - page 8, l i ne 28 page 9, l i ne 25 - page 10, l i ne 23 ; f i gure 3 page 10, l i ne 25 - page 14, l i ne 2 ; f i gure 4 W0 2009/ Al ( I PWI RELESS INC [US] ; 1-12 ZISIM0P0UL0US HARIS [GB] ; W0RRALL CHANDRI KA [GB] ) 26 February 2009 ( ) page 7, l i ne 7 - page 13, l i ne 3 page 17, l i ne 28 - page 2 1, l i ne 3 ; f i gure 4 -/- X Further documents are listed in the continuation of Box C. See patent family annex. * Special categories of cited documents : "A" document defining the general state of the art which is not considered to be of particular relevance "T" later document published after the international filing date or priority date and not in conflict with the application but cited to understand the principle or theory underlying the invention "E" earlier application or patent but published o n or after the international "X" document of particular relevance; the claimed invention cannot be filing date considered novel or cannot be considered to involve an inventive "L" documentwhich may throw doubts on priority claim(s) orwhich is step when the document is taken alone cited to establish the publication date of another citation or other "Y" document of particular relevance; the claimed invention cannot be special reason (as specified) considered to involve an inventive step when the document is "O" document referring to an oral disclosure, use, exhibition or other combined with one o r more other such documents, such combination means being obvious to a person skilled in the art "P" document published prior to the international filing date but later than the priority date claimed "&" document member of the same patent family Date of the actual completion of the international search Date of mailing of the international search report 30 September /10/2014 Name and mailing address of the ISA/ Authorized officer European Patent Office, P.B Patentlaan 2 NL HV Rijswijk Tel. (+31-70) , Fax: (+31-70) Grimal do, Mi chel e

19 C(Continuation). DOCUMENTS CONSIDERED TO BE RELEVANT Category* Citation of document, with indication, where appropriate, of the relevant passages Relevant to claim No. US 2011/ Al (NAS PETRUS I LHELMUS 1-12 ADRIANUS JACOBUS MARIA [NL] ) 8 September 2011 ( ) paragraph [0005] - paragraph [0009] paragraph [0022] - paragraph [0038] ; f i gure 1 US 2010/ Al (RALEIGH GREGORY G [US] ) July 2010 ( ) paragraph [0115] - paragraph [0120] ; f i gures 3, 4 paragraph [0204] paragraph [0207] paragraph [0221] paragraph [0243] - paragraph [0245] paragraph [0268] paragraph [0277] 0 02/ Al (ERICSSON TELEF0N AB L M 1-12 [SE] ; KEUTMANN HEINZ-PETER [DE] ; KOBRIGER PETE) 6 September 2002 ( ) page 3, l i ne 1 - page 7, l i ne 2 1

20 Patent document Publication Patent family Publication cited in search report date member(s) date WO Al CN A EP Al US Al WO Al WO Al CN A EP Al EP A EP A EP A EP A EP Al GB A P B P B P B P B J P A J P A J P A J P A KR A US Al US Al US Al US Al US Al US Al WO Al US Al NONE US Al AU Al AU Al AU Al AU Al AU Al AU Al AU Al AU Al AU Al AU Al AU Al AU Al AU Al AU Al AU Al AU Al AU Al AU Al AU Al CA Al CA Al CA Al CA Al CA Al CA Al CA Al page 1 of 4

21 Patent document Publication Patent family Publication cited in search report date member(s) date CA Al CA Al CA Al CA Al CA Al CA Al CA Al CA Al CA Al CA Al CA Al CA Al CN A CN A CN A CN A CN A CN A CN A CN A CN A CN A CN A CN A CN A CN A CN A CN A CN A CN A CN A EP Al EP Al EP Al EP Al EP Al EP Al EP Al EP Al EP Al EP Al EP Al EP Al EP Al EP Al EP Al EP Al EP Al EP Al EP Al KR A KR A KR A KR A KR A KR A KR A KR A page 2 of 4

22 Patent document Publication Patent family Publication cited in search report date member(s) date KR A KR A KR A KR A KR A KR A KR A KR A KR A KR A KR A NZ A NZ A NZ A NZ A NZ A NZ A NZ A NZ A NZ A NZ A NZ A NZ A NZ A NZ A NZ A NZ A NZ A NZ A NZ A US Bl US Al US Al US Al US Al US Al US Al US Al US Al US Al US Al US Al us Al us Al us Al us Al us Al us Al us Al us Al us Al us Al us Al us Al us Al us Al us Al us Al page 3 of 4

23 Patent document Publication Patent family Publication cited in search report date member(s) date US A l us A l us A l us A l us A l us A l us A l us A l us A l us A l us A l us A l us A l us A l us A l us A l us A l us A l us A l us A l us A l us A l us A l us A l us A l us A l us A l us A l us A l o A l o A l wo A l wo A l wo A l wo A l wo A l wo A l wo A l wo A l wo A l wo A l wo A l wo A l wo A l wo A l wo A l wo A l wo A l WO A l CN A EP A l US A l WO A l page 4 of 4