Substances of concern in E&E products Kaisa-Reeta Koskinen Nokia Oyj

Transcription

1 Substances of concern in E&E products Kaisa-Reeta Koskinen Nokia Oyj Nokia Vaaralliset aineet elektroniikkalaitteissa/krk

2 Mains drivers for the change of consumer mindsets 1. Climate change / global warming 2. Diminishing resources 3. Legislation is still one of the principal drivers of for sustainability 4. Consumer & customer pressure can be a fickle thing but can also have a big impact Nokia Vaaralliset aineet sähkölaitteissa/krk

3 We do have our watchdogs Nokia Vaaralliset aineet sähkölaitteissa/krk

4 EU RoHS Directive Came into force on 1 July 2006 Restricted substances: Pb Hg Cr6+ 2 Brominated flame retardant (PBB & PBDE) Cd Threshold 0,1% (0,01% for cadmium) in homogeneous materials Exemptions for certain applications and uses At the moment directive is under a review process Nokia Vaaralliset aineet sähkölaitteissa/krk

5 New proposed substances from Öko Institute The following substances have been suggested by the Oeko Insitute for a likely additional ban under a revised RoHS directive: TBBPA HBCDD MCCP, SCCP (medium and short chained chloro paraffins) Nonylphenol & nonylphenol ethoxylates DEHP, BBP, DBP (phthalates banned under the toys directive) Pls note that this is a proposal only! Nokia Vaaralliset aineet sähkölaitteissa/krk

6 RoHS Testing IEC 62321: ELECTROTECHNICAL PRODUCTS DETERMINATION OF LEVELS OF SIX REGULATED SUBSTANCES (LEAD, MERCURY, CADMIUM, HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM, POLYBROMINATED BIPHENYLS, POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS Substance/compound: PBB & PBDE Cr6+ Hg Pb, Cd Method(s) to be used: GC-MS Spot test CV-AAS, AFS, ICP-OES, ICP-MS ICP-OES, ICP-MS, AAS Nokia Vaaralliset aineet sähkölaitteissa/krk

7 RoHS kind of legislation world wide Similar kind of legislation in China ( China RoHS ) Restricted substances and thresholds harmonized with EU Self declarations required CCC certificate (3rd party testing certificate) is required for products listed in the product cataloque Proposed or already existing legislation for example in Australia, Japan and USA (in some states) Nokia Vaaralliset aineet sähkölaitteissa/krk

8 USE OF REGULATED SUBSTANCES IN COMMON EXTERNAL PARTS EXTERNAL PART Plastic enclosures, fasteners, clips, screws, etc. REGULATED SUBSTANCE Lead Cadmium PBDEs USE Additive to plastic Additive to plastic; plastic colorant Flame retardant Glass and ceramics Lead Additive to glass Metal enclosures, fasteners, clips, screws, etc Cables, cords, wires Hexavalent Chromium Lead Plating surface treatment; conversion coating Additive to plastic; stabilizer Cadmium Additive to plastic; stabilizer Decorative name plates, buttons etc Mercury Additive to certain plastics; curing agent Nokia Vaaralliset aineet sähkölaitteissa/krk

9 USE OF REGULATED SUBSTANCES IN COMMON INTERNAL PARTS INTERNAL PART REGULATED SUBSTANCE USE Plastic parts, housings, fasteners, clips, screws etc Glass and ceramic part such as resistors, diodes etc Metal fasteners, clips, screws etc Cables, cords, wires Printed circuit boards Electrical components Inks Switches, relays Bulbs Lead Cadmium PBDEs Lead Hexavalent Chromium Lead Cadmium Lead PBDE Lead Lead Cadmium Hexavalent chromium Mercury Mercury Additive to plastic Additive to plastic; plastic colorant Flame retardant Additive to glass Plating surface treatment; conversion coating Additive to plastic Additive to plastic Solder, finishes Flame retardant Solder on terminal finishes Additive Additive Additive Component of switch/relay Used in florescent bulbs Nokia Vaaralliset aineet sähkölaitteissa/krk

10 HISTORICAL USE OF REGULATED SUBSTANCES IN PLASTIC COLORANTS COLORANT Brightly colored plastics Yellow Orange Red Green REGULATED SUBSTANCE Cadmium, Lead and Chromium VI (as lead chromate) Nokia Vaaralliset aineet sähkölaitteissa/krk

11 HISTORICAL USE OF PBB/PBDE IN PLASTIC RESINS PLASTIC RESIN Polystyrene (PS) High-impact polystyrene (HIPS) Acrylonitrile/Butadiene /Styrene (ABS) Modified polyphenylene ether (PPE) Polycarbonate (PC) PC+ABS COMPATIBLE WITH PBB/PBDE? Yes Yes Yes No No No Nokia Vaaralliset aineet sähkölaitteissa/krk

12 REACH-legislation Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals Came into force on 1st June 2007 Aims to protect human health and the environment Any chemical produced or imported in significant quantities has to be tested unless sufficient safety information already exists The cost should be born by the producer or the importer Nokia Vaaralliset aineet sähkölaitteissa/krk

13 REACH-legislation Business will be able to use "substances of very high concern" only if they have authorisation from a new European Chemicals Agency Polymers are not covered by REACH (by now); monomers have to be registered ~If the chemical is not registered, then the data on them will not be available and as a result, chemical can not be manufactured or supplied legally! The amount of data required is proportional to the amount of substance manufactured or supplied Nokia Vaaralliset aineet sähkölaitteissa/krk

14 Substances of very high concern Cause cancer, or mutation or interfere with the body's reproductive function (CMRs) Take a long time to break down, accumulate in the body and are toxic (PBTs) Take a very long time to break down and accumulate in the body (vpvbs) Have serious and irreversible effects on humans and the environment, for example substances that disturb the body's hormone system Nokia Vaaralliset aineet sähkölaitteissa/krk

15 REACH Article 33a: Consumers shall have the right to ask the producer or importer for information on the substances present in an article produced or imported by him. Producers or importers shall, on request and within 15 working days, enable any individual consumer to obtain, free of charge, full details of safety and use information concerning the substances present in any article they have produced or imported Nokia Vaaralliset aineet sähkölaitteissa/krk

16 Substances under discussion Nokia Vaaralliset aineet elektroniikkalaitteissa/krk

17 Halogenated compounds Main concerns bromine and chlorine Main use in flame retardants (additive and reactive) Problem: during uncontrolled incineration may produce dioxin and furans Some companies are voluntarily phasing out these substances Possible substitution: halogen-free flame retardants, halogen-free materials (substitutive depends on material!) Nokia Vaaralliset aineet sähkölaitteissa/krk

18 Antimony trioxide Main use: synergist with halogenated flame retardant Problem: antimony is toxic Some companies are voluntarily phasing out antimony trioxide Possible substitution: halogen-free flame retardants, halogen-free materials (substitutive depends on material!) Nokia Vaaralliset aineet sähkölaitteissa/krk

19 PVC Main concerns: contain chlorine in a basic polymeric structure (~ same problems as halogenated compounds) harmful additives Main use in cables Problem: during uncontrolled incineration may produce dioxin and furans, additive emissions during the use and EoL Some companies are voluntarily phasing out PVC Possible substitution: other polymers Nokia Vaaralliset aineet sähkölaitteissa/krk

20 Arsenic & compounds Main use: Doping in semiconductors Main concern: Carsinogen, derivates highly toxic Proposed to be banned in Norway Possible substitution: silicon Nokia Vaaralliset aineet sähkölaitteissa/krk

21 Beryllium Main concerns: Lung problems if inhalated Main use: Be-alloys: connectors BeO: High performance semiconductor parts (in applications where good thermal conductivity and good electrical insulation is needed) BeO-components need to separated before EoL treatment Nokia Vaaralliset aineet sähkölaitteissa/krk

22 Criterias for substances of concern Environmental criterias GWP Human Health Bioaccumulation Toxicant effects Social Responsibility RISK vs HAZARD Nokia Vaaralliset aineet sähkölaitteissa/krk

23 Nokia Vaaralliset aineet elektroniikkalaitteissa/krk