AlphaGateway SMG-00LI-01 Technical Manual Effective: May 2018

Transcription

1 AlphaGateway SMG-00LI-01 Technical Manual Effective: May 2018

2 Safety Notes Alpha considers customer safety and satisfaction its most important priority. To reduce the risk of injury or death and to ensure continual safe operation of this product, certain information is presented differently in this manual. Alpha tries to adhere to ANSI Z535 and encourages special attention and care to information presented in the following manner: WARNING! GENERAL HAZARD GENERAL HAZARD WARNING provides safety information to PREVENT INJURY OR DEATH to the technician or user. WARNING! ELECTRICAL HAZARD ELECTRICAL HAZARD WARNING provides electrical safety information to PREVENT INJURY OR DEATH to the technician or user. WARNING! FUMES HAZARD FUMES HAZARD WARNING provides fumes safety information to PREVENT INJURY OR DEATH to the technician or user. WARNING! FIRE HAZARD FIRE HAZARD WARNING provides flammability safety information to PREVENT INJURY OR DEATH to the technician or user. There may be multiple warnings associated with the call out. Example: CAUTION! WARNING! ELECTRICAL & FIRE HAZARD This WARNING provides safety information for both Electrical AND Fire Hazards CAUTION provides safety information intended to PREVENT DAMAGE to material or equipment. NOTICE: NOTICE provides additional information to help complete a specific task or procedure. ATTENTION: ATTENTION provides specific regulatory/code requirements that may affect the placement of equipment and /or installation procedures. The following sections contain important safety information that must be followed during the installation and maintenance of the equipment and batteries. Read all of the instructions before installing or operating the equipment, and save this manual for future reference.

3 AlphaGateway SMG-00LI-01 Technical Manual B0-001, Rev. A Effective Date: May by Alpha Technologies, Inc. Disclaimer Images contained in this manual are for illustrative purposes only. These images may not match your installation. Operator is cautioned to review the drawings and illustrations contained in this manual before proceeding. If there are questions regarding the safe operation of this powering system, please contact Alpha Technologies or your nearest Alpha representative. Alpha shall not be held liable for any damage or injury involving its enclosures, power supplies, generators, batteries or other hardware if used or operated in any manner or subject to any condition not consistent with its intended purpose or is installed or operated in an unapproved manner or improperly maintained. Contact Information Sales information and customer service in USA (7AM to 5PM, Pacific Time): Complete technical support in USA (7AM to 5PM, Pacific Time or 24/7 emergency support): Sales information and technical support in Canada: Website:

4 Table of Contents AlphaGateway SMG Safety and Compliance Notes Introduction AlphaGateway SMG Connections and Indicators Kit Contents and Part Numbers Installation Standard Installation Procedure Horizontal Installation Procedure External Dipole Antenna Installation Procedure Start-Up and Verification Network Configuration Provisioning the DHCP Server with the MAC Addresses Establishing IP Connectivity The DOCSIS Configuration File Setting Communication Options Managing the SMG Remote Access - Web Interface Navigating the SMG Web Page LoRaWAN Operation Definitions Faults Alarm Reporting LED Strategy Technical Specifications Figures Fig. 1-1, AlphaGateway SMG Connections and Ports Fig. 2-1, Strand Mount Bracket Installation Fig. 2-2, Strand Mount Clamp Installation Fig. 2-3, Antenna Installation Fig. 2-4, SMG and Antenna Bracket Orientation Fig. 2-5, Ground Lug Connection Fig. 2-6, Horizontal Bracket Installation Fig. 2-7, Horizontal Clamp Installation Fig. 2-8, Horizontal Setup Fig. 2-9, Antenna Bracket and Hardware Fig. 2-10, External Dipole Antenna on Strand Fig. 2-11, Status LEDs Fig. 3-1, Locations of MAC Address Labels Fig. 4-1, SMG Home Page Fig. 4-2, Navigation Pane Links Fig. 4-3, System Link, Navigation Pane Fig. 4-4, Gateway Data Fig. 4-5, DOCSIS Data Fig. 4-6, Alarms Page

5 Figures, Continued Fig. 4-7, History Pages Fig. 4-8, Modem Log Page Fig. 4-9, Tools Pages Fig. 4-10, QAM Constellation Tool Fig. 4-11, Normal (Good Quality) and Individual Cell Characteristics Fig. 4-12, Fuzzy (Low CNR and/or Low MER) and Individual Cell Characteristics Fig. 4-13, Doughnuts (Coherent Interference) and Individual Cell Characteristics Fig. 4-14, Gaussian Noise and Individual Cell Characteristics Fig. 4-15, Regular vs. Square (I-Q Imbalance) and Entire Constellation Shape Fig. 4-16, Corners Squeezed to Center (Gain Compression) and Entire Constellation Shape Fig. 4-17, Circular Smear (Phase Noise) and Entire Constellation Shape Fig. 4-18, Twisted or Skewed (Quadrature Distortion) and Entire Constellation Shape Fig. 4-19, Microreflections Tool Fig. 4-20, Spectrum Tool Fig. 4-21, Spectrum Tables Tables Table 2-1, Status LEDs and Indications Table 3-1, Modem Community String Parameters - docsdevnmaccess Method Table 3-2, Modem Community String Parameters - Coexistence Method Table 3-3, Trap Destination Addresses - docsdevnmaccess Method Table 3-4, Trap Destination Addresses - docsdevnmaccess Method Table 3-6, Communications Parameters Table 4-1, Spectrum Tool Buttons Table 4-2, Spectrum Table Details Table 5-1, Faults Table 5-2, Alarms Table 5-3, LED Strategy Table 6-1, SMG-00LI-01 Specifications Table 6-2, CH2P900 Antenna Specifications Table 6-3, ET915NJMR Antenna Specifications

6 AlphaGateway SMG Safety and Compliance Notes Safety Precautions CAUTION! Only qualified personnel should service the Gateway Verify the voltage requirements of the equipment to be protected (load), the AC input voltage to the Gateway (line) and the output voltage of the system prior to installation. When connecting the load, DO NOT exceed the output rating of the Gateway. WARNING! ELECTRICAL HAZARD The Gateway contains hazardous voltage. Only qualified personnel should service the Gateway. WARNING! ELECTRICAL & FIRE HAZARD CAUTION: FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST RISK OF FIRE, REPLACE ONLY WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING OF FUSE: F2 2AG, Slo-Blo Fuse Littlefuse 229/230 Series Type Rated 125V, 7A or equivalent. WARNING! GENERAL HAZARD Observe the safety information contained in the technical manuals for the various system components (Gateways, Antennas, Power Passing Taps, Cables, and Connectors) as well as local codes for servicing electrical systems and working at height. FCC Compliance Contains FCC ID: 2ALEPT ATTENTION: This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. This product has been inspected by regulatory for use as described in the manual. If your intended use is different, it is your responsibility to ensure your combination conforms to your local regulatory requirements and the Gateway and components remains within its environmental specifications. Grounding and Earth Connection Notes In order to provide a ready, reliable source of power, it is necessary to connect the Gateway to an effective grounding and earthing system. This not only provides for the safety of the service personnel responsible for its operation and maintenance, but also facilitates the proper operation and protection of the equipment within the network. Such a grounding system provides protection with respect to operator safety, system communication and equipment protection. Lightning strikes, grid switching or other aberrations on the power line and/or communications cable have the potential to cause high-energy transients that can damage the powering or communications systems. The most viable method available to protect the system from damage is to divert these unwanted high-energy transients along a low-impedance path to earth. A low-impedance path to earth prevents these currents from reaching high voltage levels and posing a threat to equipment. 6

7 1.0 Introduction The SMG-00LI-01 is a strand-mounted HFC-powered, DOCSIS 3.0 LoRaWAN Gateway that utilizes the power, backhaul and real-estate of the Broadband Access Network s areal coax network to enable LoRaWAN communications. The SMG-00LI-01 has the following key features: Passively cooled carrier-grade design (IP67) Full-Duplex Operation 2x LoRaWAN RF antenna connections Supports multicarrier LoRaWAN transmission Full LoRaWAN uplink channel support Flexible uplink channel configuration (eg. 32 channel full Rx diversity or 56 channel + 8 channel Rx diversity) Ethernet Backhaul via DOCSIS3.0 GPS-based position and synchronized timing 1.1 AlphaGateway SMG Connections and Indicators Ground Lug Connection LoRaWAN Antenna Ports Coaxial F Connector Port (Provides power to the SMG via a power passing tap as well as data backhaul and status monitoring to the HFC network) Status LEDs Fig. 1-1, AlphaGateway SMG Connections and Ports 7

8 1.0 Introduction, continued 1.2 Kit Contents and Part Numbers SMG-00LI configurations: SMG-00LI-01-00SL with 3 Strand Brackets, Vertical Orientation (PN: ) SMG-00LI-01-00S2 with 2 Strand Brackets, Horizontal Orientation (PN: ) Bracket Kits: 3 Strand Mount Bracket Kit for Vertical Orientation (PN: ) NOTICE: A vertical SMG-00LI installation configured with the 2-in-1 Combo Antenna requires two sets of the 3 Strand Mount Bracket Kits (PN: ). 2 Strand Mount Bracket Kit for Horizontal Orientation (PN: ) includes: 2 Strand Mount Bracket Kit for SMG-00LI (PN: ) 2 Strand Mount Bracket Kit for 2-in-1 Combo Antenna (PN: ) Right-Angle Adaptor for GPS Antenna, Horizontal Orientation (PN: ) Antenna Kits: External Dipole Antenna Kit (PN: ) includes: (2) External Dipole Antenna ET915NJMR (PN: ) (1) Antenna Cable 50 (PN: ) (1) Antenna Cable 75 (PN: ) (2) Strand Mount Bracket Kit for External Dipole Antenna (PN: ) 2-in-1 Combo Antenna Kit (PN: ) includes: (1) 2-in-1 Combo Antenna CH2P900 (PN: ) (1) Antenna Cable 50 (PN: ) (1) Antenna Cable 75 (PN: ) 8

9 2.0 Installation Prior to Installation: Provision the SMG s DOCSIS Modem and RF MAC Address. This can include, but is not limited to: Assign a cable modem configuration file with the EMS as a trap destination, CPE enabled, and the bandwidth set properly. Set up a billing account (if applicable) Install a power-passing tap on the hard coax. Required Tools and Materials (User-Supplied): Torque Wrench 3/8 (10mm) Socket 1/2 (13mm) Socket NOTICE: Main enclosure bolts are required to be torqued to in-lbs (5 6 N-m). 2.1 Standard Installation Procedure 1. Using the hex head bolts, lock washers, and flat washers, secure the strand brackets (PN: ) to the SMG (PN: ), torquing to in-lbs (5 6 N-m). Verify proper orientation as shown in the image below. Bracket Hex head bolt Lock washer Flat washer SMG Fig. 2-1, Strand Mount Bracket Installation 9

10 2.0 Installation, Continued 2. Hang both brackets on the strand through the clamps on the bracket as shown. For thicker 3/8 strands, reverse the orientation of the clamp so that the larger concave side faces the strand. Insert the carriage bolt through the back of the bracket and tighten the hex head nut, lock washer, and flat washer against the clamp on the front of the bracket, torquing to in-lbs (9 10 N-m). Repeat for the second bracket. Hex head nut Lock washer Flat washer Carriage bolt Clamp Strand Bracket Fig. 2-2, Strand Mount Clamp Installation 3. Remove the plugs from the top of the 2-in-1 Combo Antenna (PN: ) and secure two strand-mounting brackets (PN: ) in their place. Position the strand-mounting brackets around the strand and verify proper orientation as shown. Use the hex head bolts, lock washers, and flat washers to secure the strand brackets to the antenna module, torquing to in-lbs (5 6 N-m). Bracket Hex head bolt Lock washer Flat washer Antenna Fig. 2-3, Antenna Installation 10

11 2.0 Installation, Continued 4. Hang the antenna on the strand about 36 from the ports on the side of the SMG. For thicker 3/8 strands, reverse the orientation of the clamp so that the larger concave side faces the strand. Insert the carriage bolt through the back of the bracket and tighten the hex head nut, lock washer, and flat washer against the clamp on the front of the bracket, torquing to in-lbs (9 10 N-m). Repeat for the second bracket. 36 Fig. 2-4, SMG and Antenna Bracket Orientation 5. Attach the antenna cables to the SMG Antenna ports on one end and to the antenna housing on the other. Torque connectors to in-lbs ( N-m). 6. Properly ground the SMG by connecting a #6 AWG wire from the grounding lug on the outside of the enclosure to either a driven ground rod or the strand ground on the pole to which the unit is mounted. Apply anti-oxidant compound (e.g. Noalox or equivalent) to the ground connection. Torque to 44.3 in-lbs (5 N-m). Ground Lug Connection Fig. 2-5, Ground Lug Connection 7. Proceed to the Start-Up and Verification section. 11

12 2.0 Installation, Continued 2.2 Horizontal Installation Procedure 1. Attach the GPS Antenna (PN: ) to the SMG (PN: ) using a 13/16 wrench and the included right angle adapter (PN: ) as shown in the image below. Torque to in-lbs ( N-m). 2. Using the hex head bolts, lock washers, and flat washers, secure the strand brackets (PN: ) to the SMG, torquing to in-lbs (5 6 N-m). Verify proper orientation as shown in the image below. Fig. 2-6, Horizontal Bracket Installation 3. Hang both brackets on the strand through the clamps on the bracket as shown. For thicker 3/8 strands, reverse the orientation of the clamp so that the larger concave side faces the strand. Insert the carriage bolt through the back of the bracket and tighten the hex head nut, lock washer, and flat washer against the clamp on the front of the bracket, torquing to in-lbs (9 10 N-m). Repeat for the second bracket. Fig. 2-7, Horizontal Clamp Installation 12

13 2.0 Installation, Continued 4. Using the hex head bolts, lock washers, and flat washers, secure the strand brackets (PN: ) to the dual antenna module, torquing to in-lbs (5 6 N-m). 5. Hang the antenna on the strand about 36 from the ports on the side of the SMG. For thicker 3/8 strands, reverse the orientation of the clamp so that the larger concave side faces the strand. Insert the carriage bolt through the back of the bracket and tighten the hex head nut, lock washer, and flat washer against the clamp on the front of the bracket, torquing to in-lbs (9 10 N-m). Repeat for the second bracket. Fig. 2-8, Horizontal Setup 6. Attach the antenna cables to the SMG Antenna ports on one end and to the antenna housing on the other. Torque connectors to in-lbs ( N-m). 7. Properly ground the SMG by connecting a #6 AWG wire from the grounding lug on the outside of the enclosure to either a driven ground rod or the strand ground on the pole to which the unit is mounted. Apply anti-oxidant compound (e.g. Noalox or equivalent) to the ground connection. Torque to 44.3 in-lbs (5 N-m). 8. Proceed to the Start-Up and Verification section. 13

14 2.0 Installation, Continued 2.3 External Dipole Antenna Installation Procedure 1. Follow the standard installation steps 1 and 2 for hanging the SMG on the strand. 2. Attach each external dipole antenna to a strand mount bracket (PN: ) using the included hardware, as shown below. Torque to in-lbs (9 10 N-m). Hex head bolt Flat washer Lock washer Hex head nut Fig. 2-9, Antenna Bracket and Hardware 3. With each antenna secured, hang the brackets on the strand at about 36 and 60 away from the ports on the side of the SMG. For thicker 3/8 strands, reverse the orientation of the clamp so that the larger concave side faces the strand. Insert the carriage bolt through the bottom of the bracket and tighten the hex head nut, lock washer, and flat washer against the clamp on the top of the bracket, torquing to in-lbs (9 10 N-m). Repeat for the second bracket. 4. Attach the antenna cables to the SMG Antenna ports on one end and to each antenna on the other. Torque connectors to in-lbs ( N-m). Fig. 2-10, External Dipole Antenna on Strand 5. Properly ground the SMG by connecting a #6 AWG wire from the grounding lug on the outside of the enclosure to either a driven ground rod or the strand ground on the pole to which the unit is mounted. Apply anti-oxidant compound (e.g. Noalox or equivalent) to the ground connection. Torque to 44.3 in-lbs (5 N-m). 6. Proceed to the Start-Up and Verification section. 14

15 2.0 Installation, Continued 2.4 Start-Up and Verification NOTICE: RF levels at the power-passing tap need to be balanced according to WiFi HFC Plant RF Design Specifications. Status LEDs Coaxial F Connector Port (Provides power to the SMG via a power passing tap as well as data backhaul and status monitoring to the HFC network) DS US ONLINE LoRa Fig. 2-11, Status LEDs 1. Connect the powered-coax from the coaxial F connector port to the power-passing tap or directional coupler. When installing the coax to the F Connector, torque to 35 in-lbs (4.0 N-m). 2. Verify that the unit powers up by looking at the DOCSIS Modem DS LED. Status LEDs and Indications LoRa LED or Connector ONLINE: (Online status) US: Upstream ranging and registration lock DS: Downstream RF Carrier detection and lock Status Behavior Indication GREEN RED GREEN GREEN GREEN OFF / ON ON OFF / ON ON OFF OFF / ON ON OFF OFF / ON ON OFF OFF / ON ON Module is initializing Module is operational with an application (e.g. Packet forwarder) running. LoRaWAN uplink and downlink packets are supported. Failure related to interfaces - technician to check connections, run interface Built in Self Tests (BIST), check software versions and upgrade if required. Unit is in fault condition and requires service No Communications Activity Flashes while performing early authentication, IP connectivity, BPI intialization. Online and Operational No power, upstream frequency undetermined Power on, downstream locked, upstream frequency ranging Initial CM ranging completed No Power / Downstream Carrier Power on, downstream carrier frequency searching Downstream carrier lock Table 2-1, Status LEDs and Indications 15

16 3.0 Network Configuration 3.1 Provisioning the DHCP Server with the MAC Addresses On the DHCP server, assign the cable modem s CM MAC address with a DOCSIS Configuration File to set modem communication options. (See Section 3.3, The DOCSIS Configuration File for instructions on how to create a DOCSIS Configuration File). The CM and CPE MAC addresses are located near the hinges on the bottom of the SMG. Record this information before continuing with network configuration. MAC Address Label Fig. 3-1, Locations of MAC Address Labels 16

17 3.0 Network Configuration, Continued 3.2 Establishing IP Connectivity NOTICE: The Alpha SMG / LoRaWAN currently supports IPv4 only. 3.3 The DOCSIS Configuration File A cable modem s DOCSIS Configuration File is a type-length-value (TLV) file that contains important operational parameters as defined by the DOCSIS standards. It provides certain settings for the cable modem. In addition to standard entries, settings in the DOCSIS Configuration File should include the modem s community strings and if an upgrade is necessary, firmware upgrade parameters. Place the Configuration File in the TFTP root directory. The transponder s cable modem interface can support both IPv4 and IPv6 addressing schemes. The required DOCSIS Configuration File operational parameters will differ depending on company policies, cable modem firmware versions and IP addressing schemes. The following DOCSIS Configuration File details listed in this manual are general guidelines. Please consult the published DOCSIS Specification resources (CableLabs) for additional DOCSIS Configuration File details and guidelines. NOTICE: The modem community strings should be set in the DOCSIS Configuration File. Failure to set community strings will result in a less secure system. The modem follows standard DOCSIS process for upgrading firmware. To build a DOCSIS Configuration File, use a DOCSIS TLV editor program. See the example Configuration Files in Sections and

18 3.0 Network Configuration, Continued Setting Modem Community Strings - docsdevnmaccess Method (IPv4 Only) Set the modem community strings with the DOCSIS Configuration File by including the following SNMP parameters. Modem Community String Parameters docsdevnmaccess Method MIB Parameter Object ID Description Value docsdevnmaccessip x The IP address (or subnet) of the NMS e.g docsdevnmaccessipmask x The IP subnet mask of the NMS e.g docsdevnmaccesscommunity x The community string matched to this IP address net mask entry Table 3-1, Modem Community String Parameters - docsdevnmaccess Method alphanumeric string docsdevnmaccesscontrol x The level of access granted 1-3 None, Read Only, Read / Write docsdevnmaccessinterfaces x Specifies the set of interfaces from which requests from this NMS will be accepted docsdevnmaccessstatus x Controls and reflects the status of rows in this table Note: X denotes the index of the SNMP entry 0x40 : Cable interface (typical) 0x80 : Ethernet interface 0xC0 or 0x00 : Both interfaces 4 18

19 3.0 Network Configuration, Continued Setting Modem Community Strings - Coexistence Method Set the modem community strings with the DOCSIS Configuration File for an IPv4 or IPv6 network by including the following SNMP parameters: TLV Type 53 SNMPv1v2c Coexistence Configuration Modem Community String Parameters Coexistence Method TLV Parameter Description Value 53.1 SNMPv1v2c Community Name 53.2 SNMPv1v2c Transport Address Access SNMPv1v2c Transport Address SNMPv1v2c Transport Address Mask 53.3 SNMPv1v2c Access View Type 53.4 SNMPv1v2c Access View Name This object specifies the SNMPv1v2c Coexistence Access Control configuration of the CM. This TLV creates entries in SNMPv3 tables as specified in [DOCSIS OSSIv3.0] This sub-tlv specifies the Community Name (community string) used in SNMP requests to the CM. This sub-tlv specifies the Transport Address and Transport Address Mask pair used by the CM to grant access to the SNMP entity querying the CM. Specifies the Transport Address to use in conjunction with the Transport Address Mask used by the CM to grant access to the SNMP entity querying the CM. Length is 6 bytes for IPv4 and 18 bytes for IPv6. Two additional bytes are added to the IP address length for the port number. Specifies the Transport Address Mask to use in conjunction with the Transport Address used by the CM to grant access to the SNMP entity querying the CM. Length is 6 bytes for IPv4 and 18 bytes for IPv6. Two additional bytes are added to the IP address length for the port number. Specifies the type of access to grant to the community name of this TLV. If not specified, default read-only is used. Specifies the name of the view that provides the access indicated in sub-tlv SNMPv1v2c Access View Type. Composite Text (e.g. AlphaRead) Variable Transport Address (e.g /0 or 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0/0) Transport Address (e.g /0 or 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0/0) 1 = Read Only 2 = Read / Write String (e.g. docsismanagerview) Table 3-2, Modem Community String Parameters - Coexistence Method 19

20 3.0 Network Configuration, Continued Setting SNMP Trap Destination Addresses - docsdevnmaccess Method NOTICE: If an SNMP monitoring system is not deployed to access the Gateway, please contact Alpha Technical Support to disable communications watchdog routines. Set the SNMP Trap Destination Addresses via the DOCSIS Configuration File by including the following SNMP parameters. Trap Destination Addresses IPv4 Method MIB Parameter Object ID Description Value docsdevnmaccessip x IP address of trap destination, e.g. NMS server docsdevnmaccessipmask x Must be set to per RFC 4639 docsdevnmaccesscommunity x Community string used by NMS to query transponder docsdevnmaccesscontrol x Level of SNMP access to DM3.0 Series Transponder from IP address specified in docsdevnmaccessipmask docsdevnmaccessinterfaces x Specifies the set of interfaces from which requests from this NMS will be accepted docsdevnmaccessstatus x Controls and reflects the status of rows in this table Note: X denotes the index of the SNMP entry e.g alphanumeric string 4=Read/Only plus Trap 5=Read/Write plus Trap 6=Trap only, no SNMP access 0x40 : Cable interface (typical) 0x80 : Ethernet interface 0xC0 or 0x00 : Both interfaces 4 Table 3-3, Trap Destination Addresses - docsdevnmaccess Method 20

21 3.0 Network Configuration, Continued Setting SNMP Trap Destination Addresses - Coexistence Method Set the SNMP Trap Destination Addresses via the DOCSIS Configuration File by including the following SNMP parameters: TLV Type Trap Destination Addresses IPv4 Method TLV Parameter Description Value SNMPv3 Notification Receiver SNMPv3 Notification Receiver IP Address SNMPv3 Notification Receiver UDP Port Number SNMPv3 Notification Receiver Trap Type SNMPv3 Notification Receiver Timeout SNMPv3 Notification Receiver Retries SNMPv3 Notification Receiver Filtering Parameters This config file element specifies an NMS that will receive notifications from the modem when it is in Coexistence mode. Up to 10 of these elements may be included in the configuration file. This sub-tlv specifies the IP address of the notification receiver. This sub-tlv specifies the UDP port number of the notification receiver. If this sub-tlv is not present, the default value of 162 should be used. This sub-tlv specifies the type of trap to send. This sub-tlv specifies the timeout value to use when sending an Inform message to the notification receiver. This sub-tlv specifies the number of times to retry sending an Inform message if an acknowledgement is not received. Object Identifier of the snmptrapoid value that identifies the notifications to be sent to the notification receiver. This notification and all below it will be sent. Composite 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 (e.g.fc00:168:1:0:0:0:0:32) (e.g ) UDP port number (e.g. 162) The trap type may take values: 1 = SNMP v1 trap in an SNMP v1 packet 2 = SNMP v2c trap in an SNMP v2c packet 3 = SNMP inform in an SNMP v2c packet 4 = SNMP v2c trap in an SNMP v3 packet 5 = SNMP inform in an SNMP v3 packet Time in milliseconds (e.g ) Number of retries (e.g. 3) Filter OID (e.g ) Table 3-4, Trap Destination Addresses - docsdevnmaccess Method 21

22 3.0 Network Configuration, Continued Sample DOCSIS Configuration File Entries - docsdevnmaccess Method SNMP MIB Object (11) [Len=21]:docsDevNmAccessStatus.1/4 SNMP MIB Object (11) [Len=21]:docsDevNmAccesslp.1/ SNMP MIB Object (11) [Len=21]:docsDevNmAccesslpMask.1/ SNMP MIB Object (11) [Len=25]:docsDevNmAccessCommunity.1/ RW STRING SNMP MIB Object (11) SNMP MIB Object (11) [Len=21]:docsDevNmAccessControl.1/3 SNMP MIB Object (11) [Len=21]:docsDevNmAccessStatus.2/4 SNMP MIB Object (11) [Len=21]:docsDevNmAccesslp.2/ SNMP MIB Object (11) [Len=21]:docsDevNmAccesslpMask.2/ SNMP MIB Object (11) [Len=25]:docsDevNmAccessCommunity.2/ RW Trap string SNMP MIB Object (11) SNMP MIB Object (11) [Len=21]:docsDevNmAccessControl.2/5 Software Upgrade Filename(9) [Len=24]: ModemFirmwareFile.bin SNMP MIB Object (11) [Len=20]:docsDevSwAdminStatus.0/2 Software Upgrade TFTP Server (21) [Len=4]: Manufacturer Code Verification Certificate (32) [Len=254]: A Manufacturer Code Verification Certificate (32) [Len=254]: 04 0A D... Manufacturer Code Verification Certificate (32) [Len=254]: 04 0C 30 0A Manufacturer Code Verification Certificate (32) [Len=36]: 11 A3 41 A6 A7 D9... Legend Sets Read-Write community string. Set the IP address, netmask and community string to fit your system. Sets the IP address of where the SNMP traps will be sent. This is typically set to match the IP address of the Network Managements System Server. Sets firmware download parameters. Specifies the IP address of the TFTP server used for upgrading firmware. Sets Code Verification Certificate (CVC) for firmware upgrade security per the DOCSIS specification. 22

23 3.0 Network Configuration, Continued Sample DOCSIS Configuration File Entries - Coexistence Method SNMPv1v2c Coexistence Configuration SNMPv1v2c Community Name:ReadWrite SNMPv1v2c Transport Address Access SNMPv1v2c Transport Address: /0 SNMPv1v2c Transport Address Mask: /0 SNMPv1v2c Transport Address Access SNMPv1v2c Transport Address:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0/0 SNMPv1v2c Transport Address Mask:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0/0 SNMPv1v2c Access View Type:read-write SNMPv1v2c Access View Name:docsisManagerView Docsis V3 Notification Receiver UDP Port number of trap receiver:162 Type of trap:snmp v1 trap in an SNMP v1 packet Timeout for sending inform:15000 Number of retries:3 Filtering Parameters:1.3.6 IPv6 Address of trap receiver:fc00:168:1:0:0:0:0:32 Docsis V3 Notification Receiver IP Address of trap receiver: UDP Port number of trap receiver:162 Type of trap:snmp v1 trap in an SNMP v1 packet Timeout for sending inform:15000 Number of retries:3 Filtering Parameters:1.3.6 Software Upgrade Filename:ModemFirmwareFile.bin Software Upgrade IPv6 TFTP Server:fc00:168:1:0:0:0:0:51 Manufacturer Code Verification Certificate: B30820 Manufacturer Code Verification Certificate:040A C5 Manufacturer Code Verification Certificate:FF040C300A060 Manufacturer Code Verification Certificate:257939C848CE0 Legend Sets Read-Write community string. Set the IP address, netmask and community string to fit your system. Sets the IP address of where the SNMP traps will be sent. This is typically set to match the IP address of the Network Managements System Server. Sets firmware download parameters. Specifies the IP address of the TFTP server used for upgrading firmware. Sets Code Verification Certificate (CVC) for firmware upgrade security per the DOCSIS specification. NOTICE: DOCSIS configuration files vary from system to system. Take into consideration your company s policies, and test the file on a local system prior to widescale deployment. 23

24 3.0 Network Configuration, Continued 3.4 Setting Communication Options Communications Settings may be changed through the Alpha MIB remotely using an SNMP MIB browser or automatically by placing the SNMP parameters into the DOCSIS Configuration File. NOTICE: Before setting options, verify UDP ports 37, 69, 161, 162 and TCP port 80 are not blocked. Communications Parameters SNMP Parameter Type Description Value atimgmtsyssnmptimeout OID: atimgmtsyshttpaccess OID: Integer Integer Time SMG-00LI will wait before reset if SNMP traffic is not detected (minutes) HTTP Web Server 240 (Default) Note: If set to zero, watchdog will be disabled. 1 = Disabled 2 = Enabled (default) Table 3-6, Communications Parameters NOTICE: The SMG-00LI will inherit the cable modem community string settings provided by the DOCSIS Configuration File. 24

25 4.0 Managing the SMG 4.1 Remote Access - Web Interface To access the SMG s Web interface remotely via Web browser, use the following procedure: 1. Connect the laptop or computer s network interface port to the company s Ethernet network. 2. Open a Web browser. 3. Enter the SMG s DHCP designated IP address into the Web browser s address field (Use square brackets when entering IPv6 addresses: [FC00:168:40::124]). 4. The SMG s Web page will load. 4.2 Navigating the SMG Web Page The home page offers a brief summary of the primary elements of the SMG. Detailed system information, history logs, and analytical tools can be accessed via the navigation pane in the left column. Fig. 4-1, SMG Home Page

26 4.0 Managing the SMG, Continued Select a link in the navigation pane and the page specific to the topic will open, enabling real-time data and parameters to be observed and configured. Gateway: System information, such as the name of the device, location, and the type and version of the current firmware. View status and configuration of different system parameters. Commonly used parameters for quick diagnostics of the SMG (Alarm Summary, System Summary, and Communications Summary). DOCSIS: Offers a summary of communications parameters, such as parameters for the upstream, downstream and network configurations. Alarms: A summary of the alarms/alarm parameters on the device. Constellation: Provides a constellation view of the DOCSIS channel for troubleshooting impairments. Microreflections: Provides details about impairments on the network and the approximate distance(s) of those impairment(s). Requires the Adaptive equalization feature to be enabled on the CMTS. Modem Log: A real time log of events relating to the DOCSIS modem with a time-stamp, count, priority level, description and ID. Also provides the ability to Reset Log via radio button. Spectrum: Displays the Full Band Capture data by directly sampling and digitizing the entire 1GHz downstream spectrum. Fig. 4-2, Navigation Pane Links 26

27 4.0 Managing the SMG, Continued System Pages Selecting the System link in the navigation pane enables the user to access three areas: Gateway Page - View system information. DOCSIS Page - View details about the cable modem communications link. Alarms Page - View the current alarms, and view alarm settings. Fig. 4-3, System Link, Navigation Pane 27

28 4.0 Managing the SMG, Continued Gateway Page Open the Gateway page by selecting System Gateway on the main menu. Fig. 4-4, Gateway Data For the Gateway page port control function, security authorization is needed before carrying out selectable function. Use Alpha default username Alpha and password AlphaSet to control Gateway page editable functions like port control and clear DOCSIS log. 28

29 4.0 Managing the SMG, Continued DOCSIS Page Open the DOCSIS page by selecting System DOCSIS on the main menu. The DOCSIS page displays detailed information about the DOCSIS modem including a quick communications summary, downstream and upstream data, and network communications data. Fig. 4-5, DOCSIS Data Three data points on this page can also be enabled with alarm settings. These data points are Downstream Power and SNR (RxMER) in the Downstream section and Upstream Power in the Upstream section. 29

30 4.0 Managing the SMG, Continued Alarms Page Open the Alarms page by selecting System Alarms on the main menu. The Alarms page consists of three main sections: Alarms - Any items currently in alarm, first listed as a summary and then by category. Limit Properties - Configuration of alarms generated by exceeding numeric limits. Discrete Properties - Configuration of alarms generated by entering a specific discrete status. Fig. 4-6, Alarms Page The Alarms section presents a quick list of every current alarm, not just the first few shown on the Home page. The alarm details, including the current value, are then listed by category. The Limit Properties section shows all the SNMP objects in this gateway that can generate an alarm based on numeric limits. 30

31 4.0 Managing the SMG, Continued History Pages Selecting the History link in the navigation pane enables the user to access one area: Modem Log Page - A real time log of events relating to the DOCSIS modem. Fig. 4-7, History Pages 31

32 4.0 Managing the SMG, Continued Modem Log Page Open the Modem Log page by selecting History Modem Log on the main menu. The Modem Log page records the system events including the time, alarm count, priority, event description, and the ID of the alarm. Fig. 4-8, Modem Log Page Security authorization is needed before carrying out selectable functions. Use Alpha default username Alpha and password AlphaSet to control editable parameters. 32

33 4.0 Managing the SMG, Continued Tools Pages Selecting the Tools link in the navigation pane enables the user to access three areas: Constellation Page - Provides a constellation view of the DOCSIS channel for troubleshooting impairments. Microreflections Page - Provides details about impairments on the network. Spectrum Page - Displays the Full Band Capture data by directly sampling and digitizing the entire 1GHz downstream spectrum. Fig. 4-9, Tools Pages 33

34 4.0 Managing the SMG, Continued Constellation Page The Constellation page provides a constellation view of the DOCSIS channel that may assist in identifying and troubleshooting common network impairments. The page will automatically refresh until the samples remaining counter reaches 0. Clicking the Restart button refreshes the constellation tool, and clicking the Stop button halts the analysis. The number of samples can be changed from 100 (default) on the sampling control to either 150 or 50 for more or less sample rates. Fig. 4-10, QAM Constellation Tool The tables on the right hand side of the screen provide a summary of common parameters associated with QAM Constellation analysis. Here s a breakdown of the parameters listed: Frequency - The tuned downstream frequency given in MHz. Power Downstream power given in dbmv. SNR / (RxMER) Downstream signal quality. Modulation Error Ratio (SNR) EVM Error Vector Magnitude (from hardware MER (Modulation Error Ratio) / software MER). CER Interval Codeword Error Rate (CER) refresh rate. Pre FEC CER Codeword Error rate (CER) BEFORE forward error correction is applied. Post FEC CER Codeword Error rate (CER) AFTER forward error correction is applied. 34

35 4.0 Managing the SMG, Continued QAM Constellation Common Impairments Several common impairments tend to reveal themselves on the constellation display which can help determine the cause of the reduced MER levels. Below are examples of several of these common impairments and their footprints. Individual Cells and Entire QAM Constellation Fig. 4-11, Normal (Good Quality) and Individual Cell Characteristics Individual Cells and Entire QAM Constellation Fig. 4-12, Fuzzy (Low CNR and/or Low MER) and Individual Cell Characteristics 35

36 4.0 Managing the SMG, Continued Individual Cells and Entire QAM Constellation Fig. 4-13, Doughnuts (Coherent Interference) and Individual Cell Characteristics Individual Cells and Entire QAM Constellation Fig. 4-14, Gaussian Noise and Individual Cell Characteristics 36

37 4.0 Managing the SMG, Continued Entire QAM Constellation Fig. 4-15, Regular vs. Square (I-Q Imbalance) and Entire Constellation Shape Entire QAM Constellation Fig. 4-16, Corners Squeezed to Center (Gain Compression) and Entire Constellation Shape 37

38 4.0 Managing the SMG, Continued Entire QAM Constellation Fig. 4-17, Circular Smear (Phase Noise) and Entire Constellation Shape Entire QAM Constellation Fig. 4-18, Twisted or Skewed (Quadrature Distortion) and Entire Constellation Shape 38

39 4.0 Managing the SMG, Continued Microreflections Tool The Microreflections page provides details about impairments on the DOCSIS network and the approximate distance(s) of the impairment(s). In order to provide the analysis and a display of possible impairments, this tool requires the Adaptive Equalization function to be enabled on the CMTS. Fig. 4-19, Microreflections Tool Click on a particular bar in the graph to display the details of the impairment such as time, distance (feet & meters) and amplitude (See Fig. 4-19). The selected bar will turn a slightly different shade of color compared to other bars in the graph. 39

40 4.0 Managing the SMG, Continued Spectrum Tool A full-range display spanning MHz, the Spectrum page provides a detailed, full-band capture analysis of DOCSIS Channels. This tool assists in identifying and troubleshooting common impairments throughout the range of DOCSIS Channels. Fig. 4-20, Spectrum Tool Feature Range Channel Frequency Restart Stop Max Hold Save 1 Save 2 Clear Spectrum Tool Buttons Function This drop down menu allows the user to select the window s span of measurement - Full, 3 Channel, or 1 Channel. The channel number in the center of the display. The frequency (in MHz) in the center of the display. Restarts the spectrum display. Stops the spectrum display from refreshing. Marks the highest power seen. (Only applies to the Live view.) Saves the current trace (1) and display. Saves the current trace (2) and display. This clears the Max Hold, Save 1 and Save 2 traces. Table 4-1, Spectrum Tool Buttons 40

41 4.0 Managing the SMG, Continued The tables on the right of the Spectrum page detail the X-Axis (Frequency), the Y-Axis (Amplitude) and the settings for the Spectrum display. Fig. 4-21, Spectrum Tables Feature Frequency (X-Axis) Center Frequency (MHz) Span (MHz) Start Frequency (MHz) Stop Frequency (MHz) Resolution Bandwidth (MHz) Amplitude (Y-Axis) Maximum (dbmv) Minimum (dbmv) Measurements Peak (dbmv) Peak Position (MHz) Horizontal Markers Show Markers H1 Power (dbmv) H2 Power (dbmv) Power (dbmv) Vertical Markers Show Markers V1 Frequency (MHz) V2 Frequency (MHz) Frequency (MHz) V1 Power (dbmv) V2 Power (dbmv) Power (dbmv) Spectrum Tool Features The frequency in the center of the display. The range of frequencies in the display. The frequency at the left end of the display. Function The frequency at the right end of the display. The frequency range represented by each point on the spectral display. Enter a maximum power level in dbmv to control the scale of the Y-axis on the display. Enter a minimum power level in dbmv to control the scale of the Y-axis on the display. The highest power level shown on the display. The reported value is dependant upon the Resolution Bandwidth. The approximate frequency with the highest power level on the display. Show markers for H1 and/or H2 Enter a power level in dbmv Enter a power level in dbmv The difference in power between the two markers. Show markers for V1 and/or V2 Enter a frequency level in MHz Enter a frequency level in MHz The difference in frequency between the two markers. The V1 power level The V2 power level The difference in power between the two markers. Table 4-2, Spectrum Table Details 41

42 5.0 LoRaWAN Operation The LoRaWAN software architecture supports a multi-processing environment. Linux is used as the operating system and multiple applications can be executed simultaneously 1, with each process running in its own memory space. Further details can be found in LoRa Macro Gateway: Software Design Specification v0.1, TEKTELIC Communications Inc., Calgary, Within the LoRaWAN architecture, there are two applications that support operations, administration and maintenance (OAM): Built In Self Tests (BIST) Application - used by the system on start up to self-test all the device on board System Health Monitor (SHM) Application - used during run time to monitor various hardware and software components. This application is used in concert with a hardware Watch Dog Timer (WDT) which is used by the SHM to reset the system in cases of un-recoverable failures. 5.1 Definitions Fault: a failure in hardware or software that prevents the normal operation of the gateway. Faults can be detected via hardware circuits or software algorithms. There can be many sources of faults and multiple fault detection mechanisms. Alarms: Reporting of gateway faults. Alarm information can be communicated via software protocol or visually, using LEDs. It is not necessary to have a one-to-one correspondence between faults and unique alarms. There are two severity levels for alarms: Critical the gateway has been shut down to prevent hardware damage or to prevent violation of regulatory requirements. The gateway is out of service and appropriate steps should be taken to minimize the service outage. Major the gateway is still operation but it is operating in a degraded state where performance is impacted. The issue and/or the environmental conditions at the gateway site should be investigated when practical. BIST: there are two types of Built In Self Tests (on-target execution): Intrusive operator initiated self-test that is potentially service impacting. Non-Intrusive non service impacting built in self tests that check the gateway interfaces POST: Power On Self Tests these are service impacting tests that check the hardware devices on the gateway. These on-target tests are executed automatically immediately after a system reset, or immediately upon power up. KonaFT: Kona Field Tool - an off-target PC tool used for configuring and monitoring a LoRaWAN gateway. The GUI based tool communicates with the gateway via SNMP. 1 Within the constraints of task switching controlled by the real-time operating system. 42

43 5.0 LoRaWAN Operation, Continued 5.2 Faults Table 5-1 shows a list of faults that are detectable on the LoRaWAN platform. Faults Fault Description Fault ID Condition for clearing fault Radio Startup Fault Radio Operational Fault GPS Holdover Expiry HAL configuration alarms ported to the customer visible interface. Asserted prior to the start of the packet forwarder or other LoRa utilities. See Table 5.4 for more details. HAL initialization alarms ported to the customer visible interface. Asserted after the packet forwarder, or other LoRa utility, has been started. See Table 5.5 for more details. Too much time has elapsed since the GPS was last in the locked state. Transmit and Receive performance may be degraded. 0x01 0x02 0x03 Cleared when gateway is reset Cleared when gateway is reset Cleared when condition has ceased or when gateway is reset Cellular Backhaul Fault If cellular backhaul is the backup link, this condition could be communicated to the customer. 0x04 Cleared when condition has ceased or when gateway is reset Gateway Temperature Warning Gateway temperature exceeds warning threshold 0x05 Cleared when temperature falls 5 C below warning threshold or when gateway is reset Gateway Temperature Shutdown Gateway temperature exceeds shutdown threshold 0x06 Cleared when temperature falls 5 C below shutdown threshold or when gateway is reset Network Server Connection No Network Server Connection 0x07 Cleared when condition has ceased or when gateway is reset Table 5-1, Faults 43

44 5.0 LoRaWAN Operation, Continued 5.3 Alarm Reporting Simplified Alarm Reporting It is preferred to reduce the number of alarms in such a way that, for each unique alarm, there is a specific action to be taken by the operator. Within each reported alarm, there can be additional descriptive text strings that can be used to debug the specific fault condition. The list of LoRa gateway alarms is shown in Table 5-2. Alarms Alarm Description Severity Fault IDs linked to this alarm Gateway shutdown Gateway Interface Alarm Critical Major 0x01 0x02 2 0x03 0x04 0x07 Action to be taken - Reset the gateway. - Execute BIST. - Check software versions and upgrade if required - If condition does not clear, replace the gateway Associated LED state Solid RED - Check the gateway interfaces Blinking RED Gateway Performance Degradation Major 0x05 - Check environmental conditions at the gateway site No change Gateway high temperature shutdown Critical 0x06 - Check environmental conditions at the gateway site Solid RED Status Update Minor - Review periodic BIST report No change Table 5-2, Alarms 2 Some radio operational faults have critical severity others have major severity 44