IMPLEMENTATION OF BI-DIRECTIONAL BLUETOOTH ZIGBEE GATEWAY FOR MULTIPURPOSE APPLICATIONS IN IOT

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1 Volume 117 No , ISSN: (printed version); ISSN: (on-line version) url: ijpam.eu IMPLEMENTATION OF BI-DIRECTIONAL BLUETOOTH ZIGBEE GATEWAY FOR MULTIPURPOSE APPLICATIONS IN IOT P. Gopi Krishna 1, K Sreenivasa Ravi 2, P. Bhavya Sai sireesha 3 1 Research scholar, Dept. of ECE, K L University, Vaddeswaram, A.P., India 2 Professor, Dept. of ECM, K L University, Vaddeswaram, A.P., India 3 P.G. Student, Dept. of ECM, K L University, Vaddeswaram, A.P., India 1 gopikrishna.popuri@gmail.com Abstract: The pervasiveness of smart wireless devices is rapidly growing irrespective to the technology and applications. All these smart devices are connected to internet for monitoring, analyzing and controlling. There are many wireless protocols such as ZigBee, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Wi-max and ultra wide band. Every protocol has its advantages and disadvantages based on data rate, power, cost, size. In the recent era there is rapid development of ZigBee in smart applications. This paper presents a design of low cost wireless monitoring and controlling system using Bluetooth and ZigBee by taking a smart home application. All the sensor nodes are configured with ZigBee (TICC1101) protocol and the gateway consists of ZigBee module and Bluetooth module. The gateway is capable of renovating Bluetooth protocol to ZigBee protocols and vice-versa. The received data at the gateway is pushed into internet through smart phone. This paper describes the design and implementation process of gateway hardware and software to connect to internet. We solve the bottle neck caused by two protocol transmission rates and introduces a bi-direction data renovation method. Keywords: Bluetooth, Smart Mobile Phone, Wireless Sensor Network, ZigBee, Gateway, IoT 1. Introduction The accumulation of wireless sensor networks can deliver wide range of applications. It plays essential role when it comes to monitoring and analyzing. Using wireless sensor networks [1] is a fundamental factor in applications such as home automation [2], healthcare [3], environment monitoring [4], patient monitoring[5] industrial automation etc. Bluetooth and Zigbee are two major wireless network protocols that are used in most of the applications [6]. As they have many key factors that can support most of the applications. These two are short range of applications where Bluetooth is one to one communication and Zigbee is one too many. Both are low power devices [7]. Using wireless sensor networks the devices can connect or contact over the internet. Using the web server the devices can advertise and operate any time and from anywhere. Internet of things (IoT) is a system that has the potential to transfer the data over the network without human effort [8]. It collects the data from sensor nodes and sends to internet using wireless sensor networks. It plays foremost role in automations [9]. By using IoT one can control the devices from anywhere irrespective to the distance and time. The IoT system is compatible with different types of communication protocols such as Zigbee, Bluetooth, WI-Fi, WI-Max etc. It obeys multiprotocol transceiver concept. Many of the IoT systems communicate through Bluetooth. There are many freely available IoT web servers which can be connected through smart phone by a simple Bluetooth device. The applications of the IoT system are shown in Figure 1. The encoding capability is one of the main advantages of IoT system. Both Zigbee and Bluetooth perform at very low frequency i.e. 2.4GHz. And they work for short distance applications [4]. Both Zigbee gateway and Bluetooth gate way are designed and implemented successively. Together combining these two gate ways one can achieve greater results with low power and low data loss and less cost. We can connect up to devices for a single Zigbee network. 583

2 In infinite length the frame will repeat after every 255 bits. Figure 1. Applications of IoT The Zigbee (TIcc1101) module works at ultra low frequency GHz and it can operate at different frequency bands i.e. 315/433/868/915 MHz s. It is a low power RF transceiver. The data rate of the module depends on the crystal frequency. The formula for data rate is given below (1) Figure 3. Infinite length format Both Zigbee and Bluetooth works under same frequency where the Zigbee sub module cc1101 can be able to work at a frequency of 1MHz. This makes the design of converter more feasible. Zigbee and Bluetooth converter uses duel stack as it has both Zigbee and Bluetooth protocols. 2. Block Diagram Of The Converter To find the values for the given data rate the formulae are given below (2) (3) The transmission speed and data delay depends on the data rate. The frame size and frame format of the Zigbee (TI cc1101) module can be selected based on the required application. It can be either 255 bit length (r) infinite length. The frame format of Zigbee module (TIcc1101) is characterized in two ways i.e. fixed format and infinite length Figure 4. Block diagram In this we placed three sensor nodes temperature sensor, LDR, and smoke sensor. All three sensor nodes are placed at a distance of 100 meters. In this each sensor node contains corresponding sensor module, a micro controller and a Zigbee module (TI cc1101). The two way communication is achieved through the data transfer between Zigbee to Bluetooth and from Bluetooth to Zigbee. Figure 2. Fixed length format 584

3 3. Flowchart It contains a processor and a serial communicator to interface a Zigbee (TIcc1101) module and a Bluetooth module (a) (b) Figure 5. Flowchart for Zigbee to Bluetooth data Transfer ( c ) (d) Figure 7. Hardware models :(a) Gateway (b) Temperature Sensor Module (c) LDR Sensor module d) Smoke Sensor module 4.2 Methodology: Figure 6. Flowchart for Bluetooth to Zigbee data transfer Both Figure 5 and Figure 6 shows the data transmission between Zigbee and Bluetooth. In Figure 6 the commands are passed from either IoT server page or from Bluetooth mobile app. Commands should be in between 1 to 6. Once the power is ON to the sensor node the microcontroller reads the sensor value through ADC converter at a resolution of 12 bit. So the maximum value will be 4096 bits. Once the data is read by micro controller it analysis the data and convert it into the required Zigbee format by using the formula Temp = (value from ADC/51) * 3 LDR= (value from ADC/41) + 80 SMK= (value from ADC/54) +180 Once the data is converted it fed to Zigbee through UART. Now the Zigbee will encode the data as per standards at 2.4 GHz and fed to antenna which radiates in to air. In the gateway side the Zigbee receives the data which is radiated to the air by the sensor node and gives to the processor through a serial communicator. The processor decodes the data and converts to the Bluetooth frame format from Zigbee frame format. 4. Hardware Implementation 4.1 Bluetooth and Zigbee gate way: 585

4 received in the Bluetooth app will send to the thingspeak account based on the API.API is a unique identity code which is generated at the time of account creation. Processor working: At the processor, the received data is 12 bit length which is scaled down to 8 bit by multiplying the scaling factor. Now the received data will be in the range of 0 to 255. The three sensor values are scaled with I n this range in order to accommodate. (Temp: (0-80); LDR : (81-180) ; SMK : ( )) Scaling process: Temp = (received value *51) /3 LDR= (received value *41) - 80 SMK= (received value *54) -180 Once the data is decoded it will store in buffer register. The size one the buffer is 32 bit. The data storing and fetching will be done serially. 7. Two Way Communication Figure 8. Zigbee to Bluetooth protocol conversion 5. Smart Mobile Phone App In order to analyze and monitor we developed a smart phone application which is capable to control and analyze. The mobile Bluetooth is paired up with the Bluetooth module at the processor side. Now the data will display in mobile app. The controlling to the sensor nodes will done by both the smart phone and IoT server. The commands are form 1 to 6.we placed a fan and LEDs at sensor nodes to observe the bi- directional communication. 1 Fan at temp sensor ON 2 Fan at temp sensor OFF 3 - LED at LDR sensor ON 4 LED at LDR sensor OFF 5 LED at SMK sensor ON 6 LED at SMK sensor OFF All this commends are done in coding. When the command 1 is given through the mobile the Bluetooth at the processor receives the CMD and gives it to the processor. The processor decodes the information and coverts the Bluetooth protocol to Zigbee protocol. Figure 9. Bluetooth Connected Mobile Application 6. Thingspeaks The Cloud All the received data is stored in thingspeak server through IoT cloud. It is a freely available IoT server. We can analyze and monitor the data through it. The data will be shown in a graphical format. Whatever the data Figure 10. Protocol conversion process 586

5 Once the conversion is done the Zigbee will radiates the value to air. At the other side the Zigbee in the sensor nodes will collect it based on the value and performs the operation. 8. Results Data collected from sensor nodes given to Bluetooth through Zigbee and displaying results in mobile app paired through Bluetooth shown below (b) Figure 10. (a) & (b) App Showing Sensor Values Data uploaded to IoT server (Thingspeak) through mobile app are shown below. The data will be uploaded after every 15 seconds. The variations in the reading are shown using graphical representation. All the sensor nodes are plotted separately. The readings taken time and date are shown in the figure. (c) Figure 11. (a) Temp sensor readings in IoT server page (b) LDR sensor readings in IoT server page (c) SMK sensor readings in IoT server page Results showing bidirectional data transfer (a) (a) 587

6 Protocols:Bluetooth, UWB, ZigBee, and Wi-Fi The 33rd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON) Nov. 5-8, 2007, [2] Carles Gomez and Josep Paradells Wireless Home Automation Networks:A Survey of Architectures and Technologies IEEE Communications Magazine /10/june 2010 (b) [3] Zimu Li, Guodong Feng, Fenghe Liu, Jia Q Dong, Dr. Ridha Kamoua, Dr. Wendy Tang Wireless Health Monitoring System DOI number: / [4] Ismo Hakala, Merja Tikkakoski and Ilkka Kivel Wireless Sensor Network in Environmental Monitoring - Case Foxhouse The Second International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications DOI /SENSOR COMM (c) Figure 12. (a) LED Turns ON (b) Fan Turns ON (c) Commands sent through App. 9. Conclusion and Futuroscope The basic micro processor for this paper is raspberry pi. And the core devices for designing and implementation of wireless gateway are Bluetooth and Zigbee modules. The gateway establishes the short-distance transmission of Zigbee and remote data transmission of Bluetooth. It is effective in transforming Bluetooth protocol information or Zigbee protocol information vice versa and transmitting them to one another. Through performance test we can decide whether the performance and stability of wireless gateway suits for multipurpose. By using effective devices we can use this model for all types of automations and for monitoring at a low frequency with low cost. It is very effective in real time environment for data acquisition. By using Zigbee and Bluetooth conversion it is easy to monitor. By using IoT the ease for monitoring and controlling becomes easier. References [1] Jin-Shyan Lee, Yu-Wei Su, and Chung-Chou Shen A Comparative Study of Wireless [5] S. Numbenthan and s. Shalom A wireless continuous patient monitoring system for bengue: wimon 6 th national conference on technology and management [6] Hung-Chi Chu, Shih-Lung Chang, Ying-Hsiang Liao, and Yan-Ting Pan Design and Implementation of Heterogeneous Wireless Gateway /09/$ IEEESMC 2009 [7] R.Piyare, M.Tazil. Bluetooth Based Home Automation System Using Cell Phone. IEEE 15th International Symposium on Consumer Electronics, [8] Li Da Xu, Wu He, Shancang Li. Internet of Things in Industries: A Survey. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. DOI /TII [9] R. Gunasagaran, L.M. Kamarudin, R. Visvanathan. Internet of Things: Sensor to Sensor Communication. IEEE. ISN: / [10] Ms. P Bharathi, Dr. T R V Anandharajan, N Logeshwari & M Suganya Design and Implementation of Efficient Random Number Generator for cryptographic applications International Innovative Research Journal of Engineering and Technology ISSN NO: Volume 2 Issue No:1 September

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