Contents Introduction A Comprehensive Survey of Nature-Inspired Routing Protocols

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1 1 Introduction MotivationoftheWork ProblemStatement Hypotheses An Engineering Approach to Nature-Inspired Routing Protocols TheScientificContributionsoftheWork A Simple, Distributed, Decentralized Multi-Agent System A Comprehensive Routing System An Empirical Comprehensive Performance Evaluation Framework A Scalability Framework for (Nature-Inspired) Agent-Based Routing Protocols Protocol Engineering of Nature-Inspired Routing Protocols ANature-InspiredLinuxRouter The Protocol Validation Framework The Formal Framework for Nature-Inspired Protocols A Simple, Efficient, and Scalable Nature-Inspired Security Framework Emerging Mobile and Wireless Sensors Ad Hoc Networks OrganizationoftheBook A Comprehensive Survey of Nature-Inspired Routing Protocols Introduction Organization of the Chapter NetworkRoutingAlgorithms Features Landscape of a Modern Routing Algorithm Taxonomy of Routing Algorithms Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) Routing Algorithms for Fixed Networks Important Elements of ACO in Routing Ant-Based Control (ABC) for Circuit-Switched Networks.. 28

2 XVI Ant-Based Control (ABC) for Packet-Switched Networks AntNet Ant Colony Routing (ACR) and AntNet+SELA QoS-Aware Routing ABriefHistoryofResearchinAntNet Evolutionary Routing Algorithms for Fixed Networks Important Elements of EA in Routing GARA ASGA and SynthECA DGA Related Work on Routing Algorithms for Fixed Networks Artificial Intelligence Community NetworkingCommunity Summary From The Wisdom of the Hive to Routing in Telecommunication Networks Introduction Organization of the Chapter An Agent-Based Investigation of a Honeybee Colony Labor Management The Communication Network of a Honeybee Colony ReinforcementLearning Distributed Coordination and Planning Energy-EfficientForaging Stochastic Selection of Flower Sites GroupOrganization BeeHive: The Mapping of Concepts from Nature to Networks The Bee Agent Model Estimation Model of Agents Goodness of a Neighbor Communication Paradigm of Agents Packet-SwitchingAlgorithm BeeHiveAlgorithm The Performance Evaluation Framework for Nature-Inspired RoutingAlgorithms RoutingAlgorithmsUsedforComparison AntNet DGA OSPF Daemon SimulationEnvironmentforBeeHive simplenet NTTNet Node

3 XVII 3.9 Discussion of the Results from the Experiments Congestion Avoidance Behavior Queue Management Behavior Hot Spots Router Crash Experiments Bursty Traffic Generator SessionlessNetworkTraffic SizeofRoutingTable Summary A Scalability Framework for Nature-Inspired Routing Algorithms Introduction Existing Work on Scalability Analysis Organization of the Chapter The Scalability Model for a Routing Algorithm Cost Model Power Model of an Algorithm Scalability Metric for a Routing Algorithm Simulation Environment for Scalability Analysis simplenet NTTNet Node Node Node Node Discussion of the Results from the Experiments Throughput and Packet Delivery Ratio PacketDelay Control Overhead and Suboptimal Overhead Agent and Packet Processing Complexity RoutingTableSize Investigation of the Behavior of AntNet Towards an Empirically Founded Scalability Model for Routing Protocols Scalability Matrix and Scalability Analysis Scalability Analysis of BeeHive Scalability Analysis of AntNet Scalability Analysis of OSPF Summary BeeHive in Real Networks of Linux Routers Introduction Organization of the Chapter Engineering of Nature-Inspired Routing Protocols Structural Design of a Routing Framework

4 XVIII Structural Semantics of the Network Stack SystemDesignIssues Natural Routing Framework: Design and Implementation Algorithm-Independent Framework Algorithmic-Dependent BeeHive Module Protocol Verification Framework The Motivation Behind the Design and Structure of Experiments Discussion of the Results from the Experiments Quantum Traffic Engineering Real-World Applications Traffic Engineering Hybrid Traffic Engineering Summary A Formal Framework for Analyzing the Behavior of BeeHive Introduction Organization of the Chapter Goodness Analytical Model NodeTraffic LinkFlows CalculationofDelays Throughput Empirical Verification of the Formal Model Example Example Summary An Efficient Nature-Inspired Security Framework for BeeHive Introduction Organization of the Chapter Robustness and Security Analysis of a Routing Protocol Security Threats to Nature-Inspired Routing Protocols Existing Works on Security of Routing Protocols BeeHiveGuard: A Digital Signature-Based Security Framework Agent Integrity RoutingInformationIntegrity Architecture of BeeHiveGuard BeeHiveAIS: an Immune-Inspired Security Framework for BeeHive ArtificialImmuneSystems(AISs) Behavioral Analysis of BeeHive for Designing an AIS The AIS Model of BeeHiveAIS Top-Level BeeHiveAIS Simulation Models of Our Security Frameworks Attack Scenarios on Simple Topologies

5 XIX Analysis of Attacks and Effectiveness of Security Frameworks NTTNet Node Summary Bee-Inspired Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks Introduction Existing Works on Nature-Inspired MANET Routing Protocols Organization of the Chapter Bee Agent Model Packers Scouts Foragers Beeswarm ArchitectureofBeeAdHoc Packing Floor Entrance Dance Floor SimulationFramework Metrics Node Mobility Behavior BeeAdHocinReal-WorldMANETs A Performance Evaluation Framework for Real MANETs inlinux Results of Experiments Security Threats in BeeAdHoc Challenges for Routing Protocols in Ad Hoc Sensor Networks Existing Works on Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks BeeSensor: Architecture and Working BeeSensor Agent s Model Protocol Description A Performance Evaluation Framework for Nature-Inspired Routing Protocols for WSNs Metrics Results Summary Conclusion and Future Work Conclusion FutureResearch Quality of Service (QoS) Routing

6 XX CyclicPaths Intelligent and Knowledgeable Network Engineering Bee Colony Metaheuristic Natural Engineering: The Need for a Distinct Discipline References Index

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