A Roadmap for Hardware and Software Support for Developing Energy-Efficient Sensor Networks
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1 A Roadmap for Hardware and Software Support for Developing Energy-Efficient Sensor Networks Christoph Weyer, Christian Renner, Volker Turau, and Hannes Frey GI/ITG Fachgespräch "Sensornetze" (FGSN 09) 14. August 2009 Institute of Telematics Hamburg University of Technology TUHH
2 Motivation Development Support for WSNs? Problem: Debugging new implementations Logging of internal information Comparing existing implementations Extracting comparable metrics Looking for: Development support tools Solution: Automated approach Instrumentation & Evaluation Real Hardware & Testbed Christian Renner A Roadmap for Hardware and Software Support for Developing Energy-Efficient Sensor Networks 1
3 TinyAID The Bright Side of Life Automated Development Support Goals: Extract information without any manual interventions Gather essential information about network state State of nodes Message flows within the network Small memory footprint and low runtime overhead Preconditions: Coding conventions are required TinyOS provides some kind of conventions Christian Renner A Roadmap for Hardware and Software Support for Developing Energy-Efficient Sensor Networks 2
4 TinyAID The Bright Side of Life Information Gathered by TinyAID Call-chain logging Occurrence of events reflects change of node state e.g., TinyOS events Timer.fired Currently executed component Part of the C function name that is called Monitoring what components are turned on/off Tracing specific events, e.g., Radio.startDone Message logging Sending and receiving a packet Tracking of packets over multiple hops Adding timestamps to logged data Christian Renner A Roadmap for Hardware and Software Support for Developing Energy-Efficient Sensor Networks 3
5 TinyAID The Bright Side of Life Instrumentation TinyOS nescc plain C file TOSSIM library nesc file instrumenter instrument. C file remaining tool chain code template + config.cfg main.ihex Christian Renner A Roadmap for Hardware and Software Support for Developing Energy-Efficient Sensor Networks 4
6 TinyAID The Bright Side of Life Configuration of Call-Chain Logging -d /opt/tinyos-2.x/.* # exclude everything in /opt/tinyos-2.x +f Test.nc # include everything in file Test.nc +h fired # include all fired event handler +h booted # include all booted event handler Instrumentation code is inserted based on configuration Configuration includes (+) or exclude (-) Directories (d) Files (f) Commands or Events (h) First match decides action If no match is found no instrumentation is inserted Christian Renner A Roadmap for Hardware and Software Support for Developing Energy-Efficient Sensor Networks 5
7 TinyAID The Bright Side of Life Message Logging Multi-hop packet tracing Adding additional fields to each packet Originating node Unique sequence number for each node Information is inserted by calling Packet.clear() Trace: creating, sending, and receiving of packets node time [ms] action type src dest origin seqno c s c s r c Christian Renner A Roadmap for Hardware and Software Support for Developing Energy-Efficient Sensor Networks 6
8 TinyAID The Bright Side of Life Message Logging Multi-hop packet tracing Adding additional fields to each packet Originating node Unique sequence number for each node Information is inserted by calling Packet.clear() Trace: creating, sending, and receiving of packets node time [ms] action type src dest origin seqno c s c s r c Christian Renner A Roadmap for Hardware and Software Support for Developing Energy-Efficient Sensor Networks 6
9 TinyAID The Bright Side of Life Concept Evaluation: Packet Types 8 9 TYMO DSR Greedy Visualization of network activities based on packet types Identification of protocol execution Christian Renner A Roadmap for Hardware and Software Support for Developing Energy-Efficient Sensor Networks 7
10 Hardware Adapter The Not so Bright Side of Life The Need for a Hardware Adapter Goals: Run applications on real hardware Gather information provided by TinyAID node and network state Low overhead Energy supply control Solution: Design and build a hardware adapter Combine many adapters to form a testbed Christian Renner A Roadmap for Hardware and Software Support for Developing Energy-Efficient Sensor Networks 8
11 Hardware Adapter The Not so Bright Side of Life Hardware Adapter Building Blocks Wireless Sensor Node e.g., IRIS, MICAz,... Flashing & Control Call Chain & Message Logs Power Log Power Measurement Power Control Power Supply Atmel NGW100 Power over Ethernet Control Packets Logging Packets Ethernet Christian Renner A Roadmap for Hardware and Software Support for Developing Energy-Efficient Sensor Networks 9
12 Hardware Adapter The Not so Bright Side of Life Measuring Current and Dynamic Power Supply Requirements: Fine-grained, periodic sampling of current drawn by sensor node Precise measuring over several orders of magnitudes Sleeping node: a few µa (10 6 A) Radio active: some ma (10 3 A) High load plus active sensors: up to 100 ma (10 1 A) Dynamic power supply for energy-aware applications Christian Renner A Roadmap for Hardware and Software Support for Developing Energy-Efficient Sensor Networks 10
13 Hardware Adapter The Not so Bright Side of Life Retrieving TinyAID-Generated Log Data Log as less as possible to avoid affecting the node s function Use I/O pins of µc 8bits for call-chain logging 1 bit to indicate entering/leaving of functions 7 bits to identify function all zeros indicating that no data is available Message logging requires one byte for each origin, sequence number, type, sender, (intended) receiver Additional data retrieved by hardware adapter e.g., time, local node, or energy consumption Christian Renner A Roadmap for Hardware and Software Support for Developing Energy-Efficient Sensor Networks 11
14 Hardware Adapter The Not so Bright Side of Life Communicating Data Central management unit Exchange of data via Ethernet e.g., firmware images, configurations, log data I/O pin as switch to turn on/off logging Christian Renner A Roadmap for Hardware and Software Support for Developing Energy-Efficient Sensor Networks 12
15 Hardware Adapter The Not so Bright Side of Life Hardware Prototype The Trouble Child Output Voltage Regulator: Considered two different, suitable voltage regulators Tested ability to reproduce sine and square wave with sampling rates between 50 Hz and 200 khz Only one of the regulators is generally suitable, but it cannot drive a node under full load Measuring Current: Considered various instrumentation amplifiers feeding a logarithmic amplifier No precise measuring possible over 5 orders of magnitude at 1 khz Christian Renner A Roadmap for Hardware and Software Support for Developing Energy-Efficient Sensor Networks 13
16 Conclusion Conclusion Where we are: TinyAID: valuable support for TinyOS programming Simple practicability on legacy source code Instant information about internal sequences Automated packet tracing Hardware support requires additional effort And where we ll go: Design and build better suited hardware adapter Apply TinyAID to real hardware Christian Renner A Roadmap for Hardware and Software Support for Developing Energy-Efficient Sensor Networks 14
17 A Roadmap for Hardware and Software Support for Developing Energy-Efficient Sensor Networks Christoph Weyer, Christian Renner, Volker Turau, and Hannes Frey GI/ITG Fachgespräch "Sensornetze" (FGSN 09) 14. August 2009 Institute of Telematics Hamburg University of Technology TUHH
18 Call-Chain Logging Node ID Time [ms] Direction Handler ID > > > < < < > < > < Christian Renner A Roadmap for Hardware and Software Support for Developing Energy-Efficient Sensor Networks 15
19 Call-Chain Logging Node ID Time [ms] Direction Handler ID > > > < < < > < > < Christian Renner A Roadmap for Hardware and Software Support for Developing Energy-Efficient Sensor Networks 15
20 Concept Evaluation: Event Tracing node time Shortcomings of the random number generator in TOSSIM Christian Renner A Roadmap for Hardware and Software Support for Developing Energy-Efficient Sensor Networks Christian Renner A Roadmap for Hardware and Software Support for Developing Energy-Efficient Sensor Networks 16 16
21 Concept Evaluation: State Tracing node time Visualization of program states over time Christian Renner A Roadmap for Hardware and Software Support for Developing Energy-Efficient Sensor Networks 17
22 Concept Evaluation: Packet Flow TYMO DSR Greedy Visualization of number of sent packets over a link Identifying routing path decisions Christian Renner A Roadmap for Hardware and Software Support for Developing Energy-Efficient Sensor Networks 18
23 Concept Evaluation: Energy Consumption TYMO DSR Greedy Energy consumption based on communication efforts Identification of hot-spots Christian Renner A Roadmap for Hardware and Software Support for Developing Energy-Efficient Sensor Networks 19
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