WAN & Branch QoS Design BRKRST-2501

Transcription

1 WAN & Branch QoS Design BRKRST-2501

2 WAN & Branch QoS Design Agenda Business and Technical Drivers for QoS Design Updates WAN & Branch QoS Design MPLS VPN Subscriber QoS Design 2

3 Business and Technical Drivers for QoS Design Updates

4 Why WAN QoS Designs Need Updating Business and Technical Drivers New Business and Application Requirements Explosion of Video Apps Impact of HD Blurring of Voice/Video/Data application boundaries New Standards and RFCs RFC 4594 New Platforms and Technologies New Routing Platforms and Software Features 4

5 New Business Requirements Cisco Visual Networking Index Findings Global IP traffic will quadruple from 2009 to Global Internet video traffic will surpass global peer-to-peer (P2P) traffic by the end of For the first time since 2000, P2P traffic will not be the largest Internet traffic type. The global online video community will surpass 1 billion users by the end of Internet video is now over one-third of all consumer Internet traffic, and will approach 40 percent of consumer Internet traffic by the end of 2010, not including the amount of video exchanged through P2P file sharing. The sum of all forms of video (TV, video on demand, Internet, and P2P) will exceed 91 percent of global consumer traffic by 2014 Advanced Internet video (3D and HD) will increase 23-fold between 2009 and By 2014, 3D and HD Internet video will comprise 46 percent of consumer Internet video traffic. Video communications traffic growth is accelerating. Video communications traffic will increase sevenfold from 2009 to Real-time video is growing in importance. By 2014, Internet TV will be over 8 percent of consumer Internet traffic, and ambient video will be an additional 5 percent of consumer Internet traffic. Video-on-demand (VoD) traffic will double every two and a half years through Consumer IPTV and CATV traffic will grow at a 33 percent CAGR between 2009 and

6 New Application Requirements The Impact of HD on the Network 5 4 Mbps 3 2 Min Max 1 0 (H.323) DVD (H.264) 720p (H.264) 1080p User demand for HD video has a major impact on the network (H.264) 720p HD video requires twice as much bandwidth as (H.323) DVD (H.264) 1080p HD video requires twice as much bandwidth as (H.264) 720p 6

7 New Application Requirements Stringent Tolerances of HD Media Applications 1920 lines of Vertical Resolution (Widescreen Aspect Ratio is 16:9) 1080 lines of Horizontal Resolution 1080 x 1920 lines = 2,073,600 pixels per frame x 3 colors per pixel x 1 Byte (8 bits) per color x 30 frames per second = 1,492,992,000 bps or 1.5 Gbps Uncompressed Cisco H.264-based HD Codecs transmit 3-5 Mbps per 1080p image which represents over 99.67% compression (300:1) Therefore packet loss is proportionally magnified in overall video quality Users can notice a single packet lost in 10,000 Making HD Video One Hundred Times More Sensitive to Packet Loss than VoIP! 7

8 New Applications Requirements VoIP vs. HD Video At the Packet Level 1400 Voice Packets 1400 Video Frame Video Packets Video Frame Video Frame Bytes 600 Audio Samples Time 20 msec 33 msec 8

9 New Application Requirements Trends in Voice, Video and Data Media Applications Video Voice IP Video Conf IP Telephony Unmanaged Video Voice Internet Streaming Internet VoIP YouTube MySpace Other IP Video Conf Surveillance Video Telephony HD Video Conf VoD Streaming IP Telephony HD Audio Softphone Other VoIP Ad-Hoc App TelePresence Web Messaging Data Apps App Sharing Web/Internet Messaging Data Apps App Sharing Web/Internet Messaging WebEx 9

10 New Standards and RFCs Cisco Medianet DiffServ QoS Recommendations (RFC 4594-Based) Application Per-Hop Admission Queuing & Application Class Behavior Control Dropping Examples VoIP Telephony EF Required Priority Queue (PQ) Cisco IP Phones (G.711, G.729) Broadcast Video CS5 Required (Optional) PQ Cisco IP Video Surveillance / Cisco Enterprise TV Realtime Interactive CS4 Required (Optional) PQ Cisco TelePresence Multimedia Conferencing AF4 Required BW Queue + DSCP WRED Cisco Unified Personal Communicator, WebEx Multimedia Streaming AF3 Recommended BW Queue + DSCP WRED Cisco Digital Media System (VoDs) Network Control CS6 BW Queue EIGRP, OSPF, BGP, HSRP, IKE Call-Signaling CS3 BW Queue SCCP, SIP, H.323 Ops / Admin / Mgmt (OAM) CS2 BW Queue SNMP, SSH, Syslog Transactional Data AF2 BW Queue + DSCP WRED ERP Apps, CRM Apps, Database Apps Bulk Data AF1 BW Queue + DSCP WRED , FTP, Backup Apps, Content Distribution Best Effort DF Default Queue + RED Default Class Scavenger CS1 Min BW Queue (Deferential) YouTube, itunes, BitTorent, Xbox Live 10

11 New Standards and RFCs RFC 2597 Clarification: Endpoints can Mark at AFx2 and AFx3 Application Class PHB Marking Admission Control PHB Queuing & Dropping Application Examples VoIP Telephony EF Required Priority Queue (PQ) Cisco IP Phones Broadcast Video CS5 Required (Optional) PQ Cisco IPVS / Enterprise TV Realtime Interactive CS4 Required (Optional) PQ Cisco TelePresence AF41 TANDBERG EX / MXP MM-Conferencing AF42 Required BW Queue + DSCP WRED CUPC / TANDBERG Movi AF43 Cisco WebEx AF3 Cisco Cast MM-Streaming AF32 Recommended BW Queue + DSCP WRED Cisco Show-and-Share AF33 Cisco Digital Signs Network Control CS6 BW Queue EIGRP, OSPF, BGP, IKE Call-Signaling CS3 BW Queue SCCP, SIP, H.323 OAM CS2 BW Queue SNMP, SSH, Syslog AF21 Order Processing Apps Transactional Data AF22 BW Queue + DSCP WRED CRM / ERP Apps AF23 Messaging Apps AF11 Bulk Data AF12 BW Queue + DSCP WRED FTP AF13 Backups Best Effort DF Default Queue + RED Default Class Scavenger CS1 Min BW Queue YouTube, itunes, BitTorent 11

12 New Platforms and Technologies New Routing Platforms and Software Features HQF ISR G2 ASR SIP/SPA IntServ/DiffServ Integration 12

13 WAN & Branch QoS Design Agenda Business and Technical Drivers for QoS Design Updates WAN & Branch QoS Design MPLS VPN Subscriber QoS Design 13

14 WAN & Branch QoS Design Considerations & Design Recommendations

15 WAN QoS Design Considerations & Design Medianet WAN & Branch Router Platforms WAN Link Media & Speeds QoS Mechanisms & Operations Control Plane Policing Medianet WAN Interface Roles (DiffServ) WAN QoS Design (4-Class, 8-Class & 12-Class Models) Link-Specific WAN QoS Design (Leased-Line, ATM PVC, POS) Platform-Specific WAN QoS Design RSVP Overlay WAN QoS Design 15

16 WAN QoS Considerations Medianet WAN & Branch Routers Campus A WAN Aggregation Routers Campus B Private WAN MPLS VPN Metro Ethernet Access Distribution Core WAN Services Block Medianet WAN Aggregation Routers: Cisco ASR 1000 Cisco 6500/7600 with SIP/SPA IPSec VPN Branch Routers Branch A Branch B Medianet Branch Routers: Cisco ISR G Cisco ISR G

17 WAN QoS Considerations Medianet WAN Aggregation Routing Platform Capacities WAN Aggregation Router Platform Cisco Catalyst 6500 / 7600 with SIP-200 Performance Capacity 1 Gbps Cisco Catalyst 6500 / 7600 with SIP Gbps Cisco Catalyst 6500 / 7600 with SIP Gbps Cisco ASR 1002 with ESP 2.5, ESP5, or ESP Gbps, 5 Gbps or 10 Gbps, respectively Cisco ASR 1004 with ESP10 or ESP20 10 Gbps or 20 Gbps, respectively 17

18 Branch QoS Considerations Medianet Branch Routing Platform Capacities Branch Router Platform Performance Capacity Cisco 3945E Sub-rate GE (350Mbps) Cisco 3925E Sub-rate GE (250Mbps) Cisco 3945 Line-rate FE+ (150Mbps) Cisco 3925 Line-rate FE+ (100Mbps) Cisco 2951 VDSL2+, Sub-rate FE (75Mbps) Cisco 2921 VDSL2+, Sub-rate FE (50Mbps) Cisco 2911 VDSL2+, Sub-rate FE (35Mbps) Cisco T1/E1, EFM (25Mbps) 18

19 WAN QoS Considerations Medianet WAN/VPN Link Media and Speeds Media Serial Line Rates / Speeds T3 (45 Mbps) ATM DS3 (45 Mbps) to OC48/STM16 (2.5 Gbps) POS OC3/STM1 (155 Mbps) to OC192/STM64 (10 Gbps) Ethernet 10 Mbps to 10 Gbps 19

20 WAN QoS Mechanisms and Operation Tx-Ring Operation IOS Interface Buffers interface Serial2/0 tx-ring-limit 4 Packets In Tx-Ring Packets Out If the Tx-Ring is filled to capacity, then the IOS software knows that the interface is congested and it should activate any LLQ/CBWFQ policies that have been applied to the interface 20

21 WAN QoS Mechanisms and Operation Fair-Queuing Operation (Flow-Based Fair-Queuing) Packets In policy-map FQ class class-default fair-queue Fair-Queuing Sorter/Pre-Sorter Packets Out A flow is defined by five matching tuples: Source Address + Source Port Destination Address + Destination Port Layer 4 Protocol (TCP or UDP) 21

22 WAN QoS Mechanisms and Operation CBWFQ Operation Packets In FQ FQ FQ FQ FQ IOS Interface Buffers Network Control CBWFQ Call Signaling CBWFQ OAM CBWFQ Multimedia Conferencing CBWFQ Multimedia Streaming CBWFQ Transactional Data CBWFQ Bulk Data CBWFQ FQ Best Effort / Default CBWFQ Pre-Sorters CBWFQ Scheduler policy-map CBWFQ class NETWORK-CONTROL bandwidth percent 5 class CALL-SIGNALING bandwidth percent 5 class OAM bandwidth percent 5 class MM-CONFERENCING bandwidth percent 10 fair-queue Tx-Ring Packets Out Scavenger CBWFQ 22

23 WAN QoS Mechanisms and Operation (Single) LLQ Operation IOS Interface Buffers 1 Mbps VoIP Policer LLQ policy-map LLQ class VOIP priority 1000 Packets In Packets Out CBWFQ Scheduler Tx-Ring FQ Pre-Sorters CBWFQ 23

24 WAN QoS Mechanisms and Operation Multi-LLQ Operation 1 Mbps VoIP Policer 4 Mbps Bscst-Video Policer 5 Mbps RT-Interactive Policer IOS Interface Buffers LLQ policy-map MULTI-LLQ class VOIP priority 1000 class BROADCAST-VIDEO priority 4000 class REALTIME-INTERACTIVE priority 5000 Packets In CBWFQ Scheduler Tx-Ring Packets Out CBWFQ 24

25 WAN QoS Mechanisms and Operation DSCP-Based WRED Operation Fair- Queue Pre- Sorter Tail of Queue Bulk Data CBWFQ policy-map BULK-WRED class BULK bandwidth percent 10 random-detect dscp-based Front of Queue Direction of Packet Flow AF13 Minimum WRED Threshold: Begin randomly dropping AF13 Packets AF12 Minimum WRED Threshold: Begin randomly dropping AF12 Packets AF11 Minimum WRED Threshold: Begin randomly dropping AF11 Packets Maximum WRED Thresholds for AF11, AF12 and AF13 are set to the tail of the queue in this example 25

26 Branch QoS Considerations AutoQoS Considerations Two versions of AutoQoS in the WAN: AutoQoS VoIP (2001) AutoQoS Enterprise (2005) AutoQoS Enterprise automatically detects and provisions up to 10 application classes Some markings and classes differ from Cisco Medianet QoS Model (slide 10) Policies will vary according to traffic profiles sampled AutoQoS Enterprise Traffic Class IP Routing Interactive Voice Interactive Video Streaming Video Telephony Signaling Transactional/Interactive Network Management DSCP CS6 EF AF41 CS4 CS3 AF21 CS2 1) Discovery Mode: interface Serial2/0 auto discovery qos 2) Configuration Mode: interface Serial2/0 auto qos Bulk Data AF11 Best Effort 0 Scavenger CS1 26

27 WAN QoS Considerations Control Plane Policing Control Plane Management SNMP, Telnet ICMP IPv6 Routing Updates Management SSH, SSL.. Input to the Control Plane Output from the Control Plane Control Plane Policing (Mitigating DoS Attack) Silent Mode (Reconnaissance Prevention) Processor Switched Packets control-plane service-policy input CPP-POLICY service-policy output CPP-POLICY Packet Buffer CEF/FIB Lookup ACL URPF NAT Output Packet Buffer

28 WAN/VPN Services Block WAN QoS Design Medianet WAN Interface Roles WAN Aggregation Routers Private WAN MPLS VPN Metro Ethernet IPSec VPN Switch Port to Switch Port or Router Interface: Trust-DSCP 1P3QyT or 1P7QyT Queuing WAN/VPN Edge Router Interface: No Trust (IOS default) LLQ/CBWFQ policies Additional VPN-specific QoS policies (as required) Router Interface to Switch Port : No Trust (IOS Default) (Optional) LLQ/CBWFQ policies (only if potential for congestion exists in WAN-to-LAN direction) (Optional) RSVP-Enabled WAN/VPN Edge Router Interface + RSVP bandwidth reservation policies + (Optional) Application ID RSVP policies 28

29 WAN QoS Design Design Recommendations Bandwidth Provisioning Guidelines for Realtime Traffic Limit LLQ(s) to 33% Bandwidth Provisioning Guidelines for Best Effort Traffic Provision at least 25% for the Best Effort Queue Bandwidth Provisioning Guidelines for Scavenger Traffic Provision Scavenger to a minimum bandwidth (such as 1%) Guidelines for Enabling Fair-Queuing Pre-Sorters Enable FQ Pre-Sorters on all classes except control & scavenger classes Guidelines for Enabling WRED Enable DSCP-based WRED on all AF classes Configure min-thresholds at 60% (AFx3), 70% (AFx2) and 80% (AFx1) Configure all max-thresholds at 100% 29

30 WAN QoS Design WAN Edge Class-Expansion Models 4-Class Model 8-Class Model Voice 12-Class Model Voice Realtime Signaling / Control Critical Data Best Effort Interactive Video Streaming Video Call Signaling Network Control Critical Data Best Effort Scavenger Realtime Interactive Multimedia Conferencing Broadcast Video Multimedia Streaming Call Signaling Network Control Network Management Transactional Data Bulk Data Best Effort Scavenger Time 30

31 WAN QoS Design Bandwidth Allocation Models Voice 10% Best Effort 25% Broadcast Video 10% Real2me 33% Interac2ve Video 23% Scavenger 1% 0% Bulk Data 4% 0% 0% Cri2cal Data 35% Control 0% 7% 0% Real2me Interac2ve 13% Transac2onal Data 10% Cri2cal Data 24% Mul2media Conferencing 10% Network Control 0% 5% Signaling 2% 0% Mul2media Streaming 10% Management 3% Signaling 2% 0% 0% Network Control 2% 31

32 WAN QoS Design 4-Class WAN Model Part 1 of 2 class-map match-any REALTIME match dscp ef! Matches VoIP match dscp cs5! Matches Broadcast Video match dscp cs4! Matches Realtime-Interactive class-map match-any CONTROL match dscp cs6! Matches Network-Control match dscp cs3! Matches Signaling (control-plane traffic for voice/video infrastructure) match dscp cs2! Matches Network Management class-map match-any CRITICAL-DATA match dscp af41 af42 af43! Matches Multimedia Conferencing on AF4 match dscp af31 af32 af33! Matches Multimedia Streaming on AF3 match dscp af21 af22 af23! Matches Transactional Data on AF2 match dscp af11 af12 af13! Matches Bulk Data on AF1 4-Class Model Realtime Critical Data Best Effort Control 32 EF CS5 CS4 CS6 / CS3 / CS2 AF4 AF3 AF2 AF1

33 WAN QoS Design 4-Class WAN Model Part 2 of 2 policy-map WAN-EDGE-4-CLASS class REALTIME priority percent 33! Provisions 33% LLQ for REALTIME class class CONTROL bandwidth percent 7! Provisions 7% CBWFQ for CONTROL class class CRITICAL-DATA bandwidth percent 35! Provisions 35% CBWFQ for CRITICAL-DATA class fair-queue! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on CRITICAL-DATA class random-detect dscp-based Best Effort 25%! Enables DSCP-based WRED on CRITICAL-DATA class! <Optionally WRED Thresholds may be tuned> class class-default bandwidth percent 25! Provisions 25% CBWFQ for default (Best-Effort) class fair-queue! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on default (Best-Effort) class random-detect dscp-based! Enables DSCP-based WRED on default (Best-Effort) class! <Optionally WRED Thresholds may be tuned> 0% Cri2cal Data 35% Real2me 33% Control 0% 7% 0% Verification Commands: show class-map show policy-map 33

34 WAN QoS Design 8-Class WAN Model Part 1 of 4 class-map match-all VOICE match dscp ef! Matches VoIP class-map match-any INTERACTIVE-VIDEO match dscp cs5! Matches Broadcast Video match dscp cs4! Matches Realtime-Interactive class-map match-any NETWORK-CONTROL match dscp cs6! Matches Network Control match dscp cs2! Matches Network Management class-map match-all SIGNALING match dscp cs3! Matches Signaling EF CS5 CS4 CS6/CS2 CS3 AF3 AF4 AF2 AF1 8-Class Model Voice Interactive Video Network Control Call Signaling Streaming Video Critical Data Best Effort CS1 Scavenger 34

35 WAN QoS Design 8-Class WAN Model Part 2 of 4 class-map match-all MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING match dscp af31 af32 af33! Matches Multimedia-Streaming on AF3 class-map match-any CRITICAL-DATA match dscp af41 af42 af43! Matches Multimedia-Conferencing on AF4 match dscp af21 af22 af23! Matches Transactional-Data on AF2 match dscp af11 af12 af13! Matches Bulk-Data on AF1 EF CS5 CS4 CS6/CS2 CS3 AF3 8-Class Model Voice Interactive Video Network Control Call Signaling Streaming Video class-map match-all SCAVENGER match dscp cs1! Matches Scavenger AF4 AF2 AF1 Critical Data CS1 Best Effort Scavenger 35

36 WAN QoS Design 8-Class WAN Model Part 3 of 4 policy-map WAN-EDGE-8-CLASS class VOICE priority percent 10! Provisions 10% LLQ for VOICE class (dual LLQ-policy) class INTERACTIVE-VIDEO priority percent 23! Provisions 23% LLQ for INTERACTIVE-VIDEO class (dual-llq policy) class NETWORK-CONTROL bandwidth percent 5! Provisions 5% CBWFQ for NETWORK-CONTROL class class SIGNALING bandwidth percent 2! Provisions 2% CBWFQ for SIGNALING class class MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING bandwidth percent 10! Provisions 10% CBWFQ for MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING class fair-queue! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING class random-detect dscp-based! Enables DSCP-based WRED on MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING class! <Optionally WRED Thresholds may be tuned> 0% 0% 0% 36

37 WAN QoS Design 8-Class WAN Model Part 4 of 4 class CRITICAL-DATA bandwidth percent 24! Provisions 24% CBWFQ for CRITICAL-DATA class fair-queue! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on CRITICAL-DATA class random-detect dscp-based! Enables DSCP-based WRED on CRITICAL-DATA class! <Optionally WRED Thresholds may be tuned> class SCAVENGER bandwidth percent 1! Constrains Scavenger class to 1% CBWFQ class class-default bandwidth percent 25! Provisions 25% CBWFQ for default (Best-Effort) class fair-queue! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on default (Best-Effort) class random-detect dscp-based! Enables DSCP-based WRED on default (Best-Effort) class! <Optionally WRED Thresholds may be tuned> 0% 0% 0% Verification Commands: show class-map show policy-map 37

38 WAN QoS Design 12-Class WAN Model Part 1 of 5 class-map match-all VOICE match dscp ef! Matches VoIP class-map match-all BROADCAST-VIDEO match dscp cs5! Matches Broadcast Video class-map match-all REALTIME-INTERACTIVE match dscp cs4! Matches Realtime-Interactive class-map match-all NETWORK-CONTROL match dscp cs6! Matches Network Control class-map match-all SIGNALING match dscp cs3! Matches Signaling class-map match-all NETWORK-MANAGEMENT match dscp cs2! Matches Network Management EF CS5 CS4 CS6 CS3 CS2 AF4 AF3 AF2 AF1 CS1 12-Class Model Voice Broadcast Video Realtime Interactive Network Control Call Signaling Network Management Multimedia Conferencing Multimedia Streaming Transactional Data Bulk Data Best Effort Scavenger 38

39 WAN QoS Design 12-Class WAN Model Part 2 of 5 class-map match-any MULTIMEDIA-CONFERENCING match dscp af41 match dscp af42 match dscp af43! Matches Multimedia-Conferencing EF CS5 CS4 CS6 CS3 12-Class Model Voice Broadcast Video Realtime Interactive Network Control Call Signaling class-map match-any MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING match dscp af31 match dscp af32 match dscp af33! Matches Multimedia-Streaming class-map match-any TRANSACTIONAL-DATA match dscp af21 match dscp af22 match dscp af23! Matches Transactional-Data class-map match-any BULK-DATA match dscp af11 match dscp af12 match dscp af13! Matches Bulk-Data + CS2 AF4 AF3 AF2 AF1 CS1 Network Management Multimedia Conferencing Multimedia Streaming Transactional Data Bulk Data Best Effort Scavenger class-map match-all SCAVENGER match dscp cs1! Matches Scavenger 39

40 WAN QoS Design 12-Class WAN Model Part 3 of 5 policy-map WAN-EDGE-12-CLASS class VOICE priority percent 10! Provisions 10% LLQ to VOICE class (multi-llq policy) class BROADCAST-VIDEO priority percent 10! Provisions 10% LLQ to BROADCAST-VIDEO class (multi-llq policy) class REALTIME-INTERACTIVE priority percent 13! Provisions 13% LLQ to REALTIME-INTERACTIVE class (multi-llq policy) class NETWORK-CONTROL bandwidth percent 2! Provisions 2% CBWFQ to NETWORK-CONTROL class class SIGNALING bandwidth percent 2! Provisions 2% CBWFQ to SIGNALING class class NETWORK-MANAGEMENT bandwidth percent 3! Provisions 3% CBWFQ to NETWORK-MANAGEMENT class 40

41 WAN QoS Design 12-Class WAN Model Part 4 of 5 class MULTIMEDIA-CONFERENCING bandwidth percent 10! Provisions 10% CBWFQ to MULTIMEDIA-CONFERENCING class fair-queue! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on MULTIMEDIA-CONFERENCING class random-detect dscp-based! Enables DSCP-based WRED on MULTIMEDIA-CONFERENCING class! <Optionally WRED Thresholds may be tuned> class MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING bandwidth percent 10! Provisions 10% CBWFQ to MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING class fair-queue! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING class random-detect dscp-based! Enables DSCP-based WRED on MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING class! <Optionally WRED Thresholds may be tuned> class TRANSACTIONAL-DATA bandwidth percent 10! Provisions 10% CBWFQ to TRANSACTIONAL-DATA class fair-queue! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on TRANSACTIONAL-DATA class random-detect dscp-based! Enables DSCP-based WRED on TRANSACTIONAL-DATA class! <Optionally WRED Thresholds may be tuned> 41

42 WAN QoS Design 12-Class WAN Model Part 5 of 5 class BULK-DATA bandwidth percent 4! Provisions 4% CBWFQ to BULK-DATA class fair-queue! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on BULK-DATA class random-detect dscp-based! Enables DSCP-based WRED on BULK-DATA class! <Optionally WRED Thresholds may be tuned> class SCAVENGER Verification Commands: show class-map show policy-map bandwidth percent 1! Constrains Scavenger to 1% CBWFQ class class-default bandwidth percent 25! Provisions 25% CBWFQ for default (Best-Effort) class fair-queue! Enables fair-queuing pre-sorter on default (Best-Effort) class random-detect dscp-based! Enables DSCP-based WRED on default (Best-Effort) class! <Optionally WRED Thresholds may be tuned> 42

43 Link-Specific WAN QoS Design Serial/Leased-Line Design interface Serial2/0 description CAMPUS-TO-BRANCH-SERIAL-T3 bandwidth ip address load-interval 30! Minimizes the interface-statistics sampling-period (optional) tx-ring-limit 10! Optimizes the T3 Tx-Ring for medianet dsu bandwidth framing c-bit cablelength 10 serial restart-delay 0 service-policy output WAN-EDGE-4-CLASS! Attaches a service policy to serial T3 interface Verification Commands: show class-map show policy-map show controllers show interface show policy-map interface 43

44 Link-Specific WAN QoS Design ATM PVC Design interface ATM4/0 description CAMPUS-TO-BRANCH-ATM-OC3 bandwidth no ip address load-interval 30 no atm ilmi-keepalive no atm enable-ilmi-trap!! interface ATM4/0.1 point-to-point description CAMPUS-TO-BRANCH-ATM-OC3-SUB-INT ip address no atm enable-ilmi-trap pvc 0/112 description CAMPUS-TO-BRANCH-ATM-OC3-PVC vbr-rt ! Verification Commands: show class-map show policy-map show interface show atm pvc show policy-map interface! Defines the ATM traffic contract: Variable Bit Rate - Realtime service-policy output WAN-EDGE-8-CLASS! Attaches service policy to the physical ATM interface 44

45 Link-Specific WAN QoS Design POS Design interface POS6/0 description CAMPUS-TO-BRANCH-POS-OC3 bandwidth ip address load-interval 30! service-policy output WAN-EDGE-12-CLASS! Attaches service policy to the physical POS interface! Verification Commands: show class-map show policy-map show interface show policy-map interface 45

46 Platform-Specific WAN QoS Design SIP/SPA WAN QoS Feature Support Matrix Congestion Management and Avoidance Feature Cisco 7600 SIP-200 Cisco 7600 SIP-400 Cisco 7600 SIP-600 Class-based Weighted Fair Queuing: bandwidth and queue-limit commands Supported for all SPAs Supported for all SPAs Supported for all SPAs Flow-based Queuing: fair-queue command Supported for all SPAs. Not supported Not supported Low Latency Queuing: priority command Strict priority only Supported for all SPAs Strict priority only Supported for all SPAs Supported for all SPAs Weighted Random Early Detection: random-detect commands Supported for all SPAs Supported for all SPAs Not supported Aggregate Weighted Random Early Detection random-detect aggregate and random-detect dscp (aggregate) commands Supported for ATM SPA PVCs only Cisco IOS Release 12.2(18)SXE and later. Supported for ATM SPA PVCs only Cisco IOS Release 12.2(18)SXE and later. Supported for all SPAs. 46

47 Platform-Specific WAN QoS Design SIP/SPA Workaround: LLQ without Implicit Policer Single LLQ: policy-map WAN-EDGE-4-CLASS-SIP-SPA class REALTIME police 50 mbps! Defines an explicit policer to police LLQ traffic to 50 Mbps priority! Enables strict priority queuing on traffic admitted by the policer Multi-LLQ Example: policy-map WAN-EDGE-12-CLASS-SIP-SPA class VOICE police 15 mbps! Defines an explicit policer to police LLQ traffic to 15 Mbps priority! Enables strict priority queuing on traffic admitted by the policer class BROADCAST-VIDEO police 15 mbps! Defines an explicit policer to police LLQ traffic to 15 Mbps priority! Enables strict priority queuing on traffic admitted by the policer class REALTIME-INTERACTIVE police 20 mbps! Defines an explicit policer to police LLQ traffic to 15 Mbps priority! Enables strict priority queuing on traffic admitted by the policer 47

48 Platform-Specific WAN QoS Design SIP/SPA Workaround: Aggregate WRED on ATM PVCs policy-map WAN-EDGE-4-CLASS-SIP-SPA-ATM-PVC class REALTIME police 50 mbps priority class CONTROL bandwidth percent 6 class CRITICAL-DATA bandwidth percent 35 random-detect dscp-based aggregate! Enables Aggregate DSCP-based WRED random-detect dscp values af13 af23 af33 af43 minimum-thresh 6600 maximum-thresh 11009! Tunes WRED min-thresh for AFx3 to 6600 and max-thresh to packets random-detect dscp values af12 af22 af32 af42 minimum-thresh 7700 maximum-thresh 11009! Tunes WRED min-thresh for AFx2 to 7700 and max-thresh to packets random-detect dscp values af11 af21 af31 af41 minimum-thresh 8800 maximum-thresh 11009! Tunes WRED min-thresh for AFx1 to 8800 and max-thresh to packets class class-default bandwidth percent 25 random-detect dscp-based aggregate! Enables Aggregate DSCP-based WRED random-detect dscp values cs1 minimum-thresh 5600 maximum-thresh 7500! Tunes WRED min-thresh for CS1 to 5600 and max-thresh to 7500 packets random-detect dscp values default minimum-thresh 7500 maximum-thresh 9360! Tunes WRED min-thresh for DF to 7500 and max-thresh to 9360 packets 48

49 Platform-Specific WAN QoS Design ASR Internal QoS Potential Oversubscription Points Embedded Service Processor (active) Route Processor (active) Route Processor (standby) Embedded Service Processor (standby) Interconnect QoS 3 SIP10 into 1 ESP10 30Gbps -> 10 Gbps Cisco QFP Interconnect. Interconnect. Interconnect. ESP10 Egress QoS Cisco QFP into SPI 30Gbps -> 10 Gbps Scheduled by ESP10 QPM Interconnect. Midplane SIP10 ingress QoS 4 SPAs into 1 interconnect 40Gbps -> 10 Gbps Interconnect. Interconnect. Interconnect. SIP10 egress QoS 10 Gbps into SIP10 Up to 10Gbps SPA SPA SPA SPA SPA SPA ESI, 11.5Gbps each direction SPA-SPI, 11.2Gbps each direct Hypertransport, 8Gbps each direction 49

50 Platform-Specific WAN QoS Design ASR Internal QoS: Internal Scheduling SPA-Based Internal Scheduling Classification Example interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 plim qos input map ip dscp-based! Designates that internal scheduling is to be DSCP-based plim qos input map ip dscp cs4 cs5 ef queue strict-priority! Maps CS4 (Realtime Interactive) & CS5 (Broadcast Video) to the internal PQ! EF is already mapped to the internal PQ by default SIP-Based Internal Scheduling Classification Example ingress-class-map 1 map ip dscp-based! Designates that internal scheduling is to be DSCP-based map ip dscp queue strict-priority! Maps CS4 (Realtime Interactive) & CS5 (Broadcast Video) to the internal PQ! EF is already mapped to the internal PQ by default interface POS0/1/0 plim qos input class-map 1! Attaches the ingress-queuing class-map to the interface Verification Command: show platform hardware interface type sip/spa/interface plim qos input map 50

51 RSVP WAN QoS Mechanisms and Operation Resource Reservation Protocol Operation (RSVP) If Bandwidth on Any Link Throughout the Network Is Not Sufficient, the Reservation Fails RSVP-Unaware Routers Ignore and Forward All RSVP Messages If There Is Sufficient Bandwidth Throughout the Network, the Reservation Succeeds RSVP Bandwidth Pool Provisioned on Each Router Interface Device 2 Device 4 Device 1 RSVP Signaling Uses Same IP Route as the Data Stream That Needs Reservation Device interface Serial2/0 ip rsvp bandwidth

52 RSVP WAN QoS Mechanisms and Operation RSVP IntServ/DiffServ Model (a.k.a RSVP Scalability Enhancements) IntServ Model NO IntServ / DiffServ Model NO RSVP Signaling? YES Call Admission Control RSVP Signaling YES? Call Admission Control RSVP Control Plane Data Plane Data interface Serial2/0 ip rsvp data-packet classification Control Plane none ip rsvp resource-provider none service-policy output WAN-EDGE-DIFFSERV-POLICY Data Plane RSVP Data LLQ/CBWFQ Scheduling + Policing Scheduling + Policing 52

53 RSVP WAN QoS Mechanisms and Operation RSVP Application ID (App ID) Object Introduced in RFC 2872 as part of RSVP policy element associates RSVP reservation with a specific application and sub-application Allows routers to admit reservations based on the application requesting bandwidth Protects bandwidth resources across applications In Cisco IOS, App ID s are associated to RSVP local policies which define corresponding behavior Usage example: in presence of voice and video calls, prevent video calls from using all available bandwidth App ID X App ID X App ID X ip rsvp policy identity RSVP-VIDEO policy-locator.*videostream.* App ID Y ip rsvp policy identity RSVP-VOICE policy-locator.*audiostream.* interface Serial2/0 ip rsvp policy local identity RSVP-VIDEO ip rsvp policy local identity RSVP-VOICE Local Policy X Local Policy Y ip rsvp bandwidth ip rsvp bandwidth Without App ID With App ID 53

54 RSVP Overlay WAN QoS Design Basic IntServ/DiffServ RSVP Design interface Serial2/0 description CAMPUS-TO-BRANCH-SERIAL-T3-WITH-RSVP bandwidth 44210! service-policy output WAN-EDGE-DIFFSERV-POLICY! Attaches the DiffServ MQC policy to the interface ip rsvp bandwidth 15000! Specifies the amount of reservable BW (should match LLQ BW) ip rsvp signalling dscp 24! Marks RSVP signaling traffic to CS3 ip rsvp data-packet classification none! Enables the IntServ/DiffServ model by disabling RSVP for classification ip rsvp resource-provider none! Enables the IntServ/DiffServ model by disabling RSVP for scheduling! Verification Commands: show class-map show policy-map show interface show policy-map interface show ip rsvp interface show ip rsvp interface detail show ip rsvp installed 54

55 RSVP Overlay WAN QoS Design Advanced RSVP Design (with APP-ID) Part 1 of 2 interface Serial2/0 description CAMPUS-TO-BRANCH-SERIAL-T3-WITH-RSVP bandwidth 44210! service-policy output WAN-EDGE-DIFFSERV-POLICY! Attaches the DiffServ MQC policy to the interface ip rsvp policy local identity RSVP-VIDEO maximum bandwidth group forward all! Defines a local RSVP policy to admit up to 12.5 Mbps of video flows ip rsvp policy local identity RSVP-VOICE maximum bandwidth group 2500 forward all! Defines a local RSVP policy to admit up to 2.5 Mbps of voice flows ip rsvp bandwidth 15000! Specifies the amount of reservable BW (should match LLQ BW) ip rsvp signalling dscp 24! Marks RSVP signaling traffic to CS3 ip rsvp data-packet classification none! Enables the IntServ/DiffServ model by disabling RSVP for classification ip rsvp resource-provider none! Enables the IntServ/DiffServ model by disabling RSVP for scheduling! 55

56 RSVP Overlay WAN QoS Design Advanced RSVP Design (with APP-ID) Part 2 of 2! This section defines the regular expressions to match RSVP Application IDs ip rsvp policy identity RSVP-VIDEO policy-locator.*videostream.*! RSVP AppIDs with the string "VideoStream" will be! Associated with the RSVP-VIDEO local RSVP policy ip rsvp policy identity RSVP-VOICE policy-locator.*audiostream.*! RSVP AppIDs with the string "AudioStream" will be! Associated with the RSVP-VIDEO local RSVP policy Verification Commands: show class-map show policy-map show interface show policy-map interface show ip rsvp interface show ip rsvp interface detail show ip rsvp installed show ip rsvp policy local show ip rsvp policy local detail 56

57 WAN & Branch QoS Design Agenda Business and Technical Drivers for QoS Design Updates WAN & Branch QoS Design MPLS VPN Subscriber QoS Design 57

58 MPLS VPN Subscriber QoS Design Considerations & Design Recommendations

59 MPLS VPN QoS Design Considerations QoS Paradigm Shift MPLS VPN DiffServ Tunneling Modes Enterprise-to-Service Provider Mapping Models Sub-Line-Rate Access Design 59

60 MPLS VPN QoS Considerations QoS Requirements over MPLS VPNs CE Egress (Subscriber): Queuing/Dropping/Shaping/Remarking MPLS VPN P Routers PE Router CE Router PE Router CE Router PE Ingress (Provider): Policing and Remarking Core DiffServ and/or MPLS TE Policies (Provider) PE Egress (Provider): Queuing/Dropping/Shaping 60

61 MPLS VPN QoS Considerations QoS Implication of MPLS VPNs Paradigm Shift: Enterprises must co-manage QoS with their MPLS VPN service providers; their policies must be consistent and complementary 61

62 MPLS VPN QoS Considerations MPLS DiffServ Tunneling Modes Uniform Pipe Short Pipe IP CE1 PE1 IP/MPLS PE2 CE2 IP 62

63 MPLS VPN QoS Considerations MPLS Uniform Mode DiffServ Tunneling Shaded Area Represents Customer/Provider DiffServ Domain Assume a Policer Remarks Out-of-Contract Traffic s Top-Most Label to MPLS EXP 0 Here CE Router PE Router MPLS VPN PE Router CE Router P Routers IPP3/DSCP AF31 MPLS EXP 3 MPLS EXP 0 MPLS EXP 0 IPP0/DSCP 0 Packet Initially Marked to IPP3/ DSCP AF31 MPLS EXP 3 IPP3/DSCP AF31 By Default IPP Values Will Be Copied to MPLS EXP Labels MPLS EXP 3 IPP3/DSCP AF31 Top-Most Label Is Marked down by a Policer IPP3/DSCP AF31 Top-Most Label Is Popped, and EXP Value Is Copied to Underlying Label MPLS EXP Value Is Copied to IP ToS Byte Direction of Packet Flow 63

64 MPLS VPN QoS Considerations MPLS Uniform Mode DiffServ Tunneling Design Impact Enterprise Customers May Need to Remark on Ingress from Their MPLS VPN SP to Restore DiffServ Markings That May Have Been Changed in Transit Through the Cloud Ingress Marking from LAN MPLS VPN CE Router Ingress Remarking from MPLS VPN 64

65 MPLS VPN QoS Considerations MPLS Pipe Mode DiffServ Tunneling Shaded Area Represents Provider DiffServ Domain Assume a Policer Remarks Out-of-Contract Traffic s Top- Most Label to MPLS EXP 0 Here Unshaded Areas Represent Customer DiffServ Domain CE Router PE Router MPLS VPN PE Edge (to CE) Policies Are Based on Provider Markings P Routers PE Router CE Router MPLS EXP 0 IPP3/DSCP AF31 MPLS EXP 4 MPLS EXP 0 MPLS EXP 4 IPP3/DSCP AF31 Packet Initially Marked to IPP3/ DSCP AF31 MPLS EXP 4 IPP3/DSCP AF31 MPLS EXP Values Are Set Independently from IPP/DSCP Values MPLS EXP 4 IPP3/DSCP AF31 Top-Most Label Is Marked down by a Policer IPP3/DSCP AF31 No Penultimate Hop Popping (PHP) Original Customer- Marked IP ToS Values Are Preserved Direction of Packet Flow 65

66 MPLS VPN QoS Considerations MPLS Short-Pipe Mode DiffServ Tunneling Assume a Policer Remarks Out-of-Contract Traffic s Top-Most Label to MPLS EXP 0 Here CE Router Shaded Area Represents Provider DiffServ Domain PE Router MPLS VPN P Routers Unshaded Areas Represent Customer DiffServ Domain PE Edge (to CE) Policies Are Based on Customer Markings PE Router CE Router IPP3/DSCP AF31 MPLS EXP 4 MPLS EXP 0 MPLS EXP 0 IPP3/DSCP AF31 Packet Initially MPLS EXP 4 Marked to IPP3/ IPP3/DSCP AF31 DSCP AF31 MPLS EXP Values Are Set Independently from IPP/DSCP Values Direction of Packet Flow MPLS EXP 4 IPP3/DSCP AF31 Topmost Label Is Marked Down by a Policer IPP3/DSCP AF31 Top-Most Label Is Popped (PHP), but Egress Policy Is Based on EXP 0 of Topmost Label Original Customer- Marked IP ToS Values Are Preserved 66

67 MPLS VPN QoS Design MPLS VPN Port QoS Roles Campus VPN Block E E F F MPLS VPN F F E E Branch 1 Branch 2 CE Routers PE Routers CE Routers Enterprise Subscriber (Unmanaged CE Routers) 33% of BW E Outbound Policies: Inbound Policies: HQoS Shaper (if required) + LLQ for VoIP (EF) Trust DSCP + LLQ or BDCST-Video and/or RT-Interactive + Remark traffic (as necessary) + Restore markings (if necessary) + CBWFQ for other traffic classes + Remark traffic (if necessary) + Restore markings (if necessary) Service Provider: Outbound Policies: Inbound Policies: F + LLQ for Real-Time Trust DSCP + CBWFQ for Critical Data Police on a per-class Basis 67

68 MPLS VPN QoS Design 12-Class CE to 4-Class PE Model Application DSCP 4-Class SP Model Network Control VoIP Telephony Broadcast Video CS6 EF CS5 EF CS5 SP-Real-Time (RTP/UDP) 30% Multimedia Conferencing AF4 AF2 Realtime Interactive Multimedia Streaming CS4 CS5 AF3 AF2 Signaling CS3 Transactional Data AF2 AF3 OAM CS2 CS6 AF3 CS3 AF2 CS2 SP-Critical 1 (TCP) 20% SP-Critical 2 (UDP) 20% Bulk Data AF1 Scavenger Best Effort CS1 DF DF SP-Best Effort 30% 68

69 MPLS VPN QoS Design 12-Class CE to 4-Class PE Model Part 1 of 2 policy-map WAN-EDGE-12CLASS-TO-4CLASS class VOICE priority percent 10 class BROADCAST-VIDEO priority percent 10 class REALTIME-INTERACTIVE priority percent 10 set dscp cs5! Remarks Realtime-Interactive to CS5 to gain admission to SP-Realtime Class class NETWORK-CONTROL bandwidth percent 2 class SIGNALING bandwidth percent 2 class NETWORK-MANAGEMENT bandwidth percent 3 class MULTIMEDIA-CONFERENCING bandwidth percent 10 fair-queue random-detect dscp-based set dscp af21! Remarks Multimedia-Conferencing to gain admission to SP-Critical-2 Class Optional: WRED thresholds may be tuned 69

70 MPLS VPN QoS Design 12-Class CE to 4-Class PE Model Part 2 of 2 class MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING bandwidth percent 10 fair-queue random-detect dscp-based set dscp af21! Remarks Multimedia-Streaming to gain admission to SP-Critical-2 Class class TRANSACTIONAL-DATA bandwidth percent 10 fair-queue random-detect dscp-based set dscp af31! Remarks Transactional-Data to gain admission to SP-Critical-1 Class class BULK-DATA bandwidth percent 4 fair-queue random-detect dscp-based class SCAVENGER bandwidth percent 1 class class-default bandwidth percent 25 fair-queue random-detect dscp-based Optional: WRED thresholds may be tuned 70

71 MPLS VPN QoS Design 12-Class CE to 6-Class PE Model Application DSCP 6-Class SP Model VoIP Telephony Broadcast Video EF CS5 EF CS5 SP-Realtime 30% Realtime Interactive Multimedia Conferencing Multimedia Streaming Network Control Signaling CS4 CS5 AF4 AF3 CS6 CS3 AF4 CS6 CS4 AF3 CS6 CS3 SP-Critical 1 10% SP-Critical 2 15% Network Management Transactional Data CS2 AF2 CS2 AF2 SP-Critical 3 15% Bulk Data Best Effort Scavenger AF1 DF CS1 SP-Best Effort 25% 71 DF AF1 CS1 SP-Scavenger 5%

72 MPLS VPN QoS Design 12-Class CE to 6-Class PE Model Part 1 of 2 policy-map WAN-EDGE-12CLASS-TO-6CLASS class VOICE priority percent 10 class BROADCAST-VIDEO priority percent 10 class REALTIME-INTERACTIVE priority percent 10 set dscp cs5! Remarks Realtime-Interactive to CS5 to gain admission to SP-Realtime Class class NETWORK-CONTROL bandwidth percent 2 class SIGNALING bandwidth percent 2 class NETWORK-MANAGEMENT bandwidth percent 3 class MULTIMEDIA-CONFERENCING bandwidth percent 10 fair-queue random-detect dscp-based Optional: WRED thresholds may be tuned 72

73 MPLS VPN QoS Design 12-Class CE to 6-Class PE Model Part 2 of 2 class MULTIMEDIA-STREAMING bandwidth percent 10 fair-queue random-detect dscp-based class TRANSACTIONAL-DATA bandwidth percent 10 fair-queue random-detect dscp-based class BULK-DATA bandwidth percent 4 fair-queue random-detect dscp-based class SCAVENGER bandwidth percent 1 class class-default bandwidth percent 25 fair-queue random-detect dscp-based Optional: WRED thresholds may be tuned 73

74 MPLS VPN QoS Design Sub-Line-Rate Access Design MPLS VPN or Metro Ethernet Network HQoS Capable Switch or Router Sub-Line Rate Ethernet Access Circuit Network-Facing Provider Edges (N-PE) Trust DSCP + Queuing Policy Trust DSCP + Hierarchical QoS (HQoS) shaping policy (to sub-line access rate with nested queuing policy 74

75 WAN/VPN QoS Mechanisms and Operation Hierarchical QoS (Queuing & Shaping) Operation policy-map ACCESS-EDGE class VOIP priority 1000 class REALTIME priority class CALL-SIGNALING bandwidth x class TRANSACTIONAL bandwidth y class BULK-DATA bandwidth z class class-default fair-queue policy-map HQoS-50MBPS class class-default shape average service-policy ACCESS-EDGE Queuing policies will not engage unless the interface is congested A shaper will guarantee that traffic will not exceed the contracted rate A nested queuing policy will force queuing to engage at the contracted sub-line-rate to prioritize packets prior to shaping Packets in 1 Mbps VOIP Policer 15 Mbps REALTIME Policer FQ 16 Mbps PQ (FIFO Between VOIP and VIDEO) Call-Signaling CBWFQ Transactional CBWFQ Bulk Data CBWFQ Default Queue CBWFQ Scheduler Class- Based Shaper GE Interface with a sub-line-rate access service (e.g. 50 Mbps) TX Ring Packets out 75

76 MPLS VPN QoS Design Sub-Line-Rate Access Hierarchical QoS Policy Part 1 of 2 Queuing policies by default do not engage at sub-line rates Additionally, to ensure that transmission rates do not exceed the contracted rate, a shaper must be used IOS allows for Hierarchical QoS (HQoS) policies One QoS policy may be nested within another Thus a queuing policy may be nested within a shaping policy In which case packets are prioritized within a sub-line (shaped) rate As with policers, Cisco IOS shapers operate on a token-bucket principle using the formula: (Tc) Burst (Bc) = Shaped Rate * Shaping Time Interval 76

77 Cisco TelePresence MPLS VPN Design Sub-Line-Rate Access Hierarchical QoS Policy Part 2 of 2 CE Egress Shaping burst must be no more than half of the PE Ingress Policing Burst! Example: An SP s ingress policer is configured with a 50 KB burst parameter Therefore the CE egress shaper can be calculated as: SP s PE ingress burst is 50 KB 400,000 bps (50KB * 8 = 400 kbps) The optimal value for CE egress shaping burst is: Policing Burst (in bps) / 2 The resulting configuration: Bc = 400,000 / 2 Bc = 200,000 bps (200 kbps) policy-map HQoS-50MBPS class class-default shape average ! Average shaping (not peak) service-policy ACCESS-EDGE! Nested queuing policy 77

78 MPLS VPN QoS Design Sub-Line-Rate Access (Ethernet) Design Example policy-map WAN-EDGE-4-CLASS class REALTIME priority percent 33 class CONTROL bandwidth percent 7 class CRITICAL-DATA bandwidth percent 25 fair-queue class class-default bandwidth percent 25 fair-queue Optional: WRED thresholds may be tuned policy-map HQoS-50MBPS class class-default shape average ! CE shaper burst is set to SP s policer burst / 2 service-policy WAN-EDGE-4-CLASS! Nested queuing policy to pre-order packets prior to shaping interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 service-policy output HQoS-50MBPS! HQoS (shaping with nested queuing) policy is attached to the GE interface 78

79 References & Resources

80 References Cisco Visual Networking Index Enterprise Medianet Quality of Service Design Medianet Campus QoS Design Medianet WAN QoS Design Cisco IOS QoS Configuration Guides Cisco Hierarchical QoS Framework Configuration Guide qos_frhqf_support_ps10591_tsd_products_configuration_guide_chapter.html Cisco 6500/7600 SIP/SPA QoS module_installation_and_configuration_guides_chapter09186a html#wp Cisco ASR 1000 QoS Architecture solution_overview_c _ps9343_product_solution_overview.html 80

81 Additional Related Sessions BRKRST-2500 Campus QoS Design COCEVT-1229 Cisco on Cisco: Cisco IT Infrastructure Support for Video COCEVT-1300 Cisco on Cisco: Pervasive Video Strategy TECRST-1501 Enterprise QoS Case Study 81

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