Wireless software defined networks: 5G or beyond 4G

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1 Wireless software defined networks: 5G or beyond 4G Dr. Yoram haddad Jerusalem College of Technology- Lev Academic center cc.jct.ac.il/~haddad DST - CSIR - South Africa, March 2014

80 B for 2014-2020 Expected impact in ICT 14 2014: Advanced 5G Network Infrastructure for the Future Internet 1000 times higher mobile data volume per geographical area Network architecture,

2 80 B for Expected impact in ICT : Advanced 5G Network Infrastructure for the Future Internet 1000 times higher mobile data volume per geographical area Network architecture, protocols and radio technologies capable of at least a ten times increase in frequency reuse 10 times to 100 times higher number of connected devices 10 times to 100 times higher typical user data rate 10 times lower energy consumption for low power Machine type communication 5 times reduced End-to-End latency Ubiquitous 5G access including in low density areas

DC, USA) In UK more people connected to broadband than Water and Average utilization of internet link is.

3 Interesting facts Wireless Spectrum overcrowded but... Only 2% of wireless spectrum between 30 Mhz and 3Ghz effectively used (measured in 2009 in dense urban area near Washington DC, USA) In UK more people connected to broadband than Water and Average utilization of internet link is.<1% but Electronics and Software industries spend billion of dollars for verification and what about telecom? Surrounded by huge number of wireless AP and cellular BS from different operators and still not enough big MOBILE data rates

4 Increase wireless link efficiency?! 5G? Estimation: Cellular traffic will double approx. every 9 months Qualcomm CEO, Paul Jacobs in 2008: improvement of wireless links that enhance user throughputs is reaching its limit compare Wireless link HSPA+ with that of LTE, their difference in frequency utilization efficiency is only about 10%. It is small enough to be offset by noise. Solution: densely deploying base stations to shorten the distance between base stations and mobile terminals 4G LTE PHY spectral efficiency within 20% of Shannon Capacity limit (source: ONRC research) Base Station density will have to increase 20x

5 Motivation (1): Innovation Evolution of underlying core protocols (TCP,IP) and Algorithms (congestion, ) limited Vs. number of internet users Vs. smartphone openness revolution Vs. Better access link e.g. FTTH Why? Gradual deployment Test on real testbeds not simulation This is critical to avoid network ossification

6 Motivation(2): Performance Internet is a best effort network Providing Quality of Service remains a challenge Users connected everywhere, everytime but no seamless service continuity e.g. movie begins on train to finishes at TV home Why? Seamless handover between operator and networks requires central management entity that Have visibility over all relevant components Identify, adapt and reroute flow between end points

7 Motivation(3): Verification Checking correct behavior of network is difficult But operators must check continuously loop free routing, reachability, Up to now, black art -> by hand Fallback mechanisms to solve problems Why? No formal method and verification tools Information must be gathered to a central entity

App App App App App App App App App App App Specialized

Hardware Windows (OS) Open Interface or Linux or Open

Closed, proprietary Slow innovation Small industry [Source:

8 App App App App App App App App App App App Specialized Applications Specialized Operating System Specialized Hardware Windows (OS) Open Interface or Linux or Open Interface Microprocessor Mac OS Vertically integrated Closed, proprietary Slow innovation Small industry [Source: Prof Nick Mckeown, ONS 2012] Horizontal Open interfaces Rapid innovation Huge industry

9 App App App App App App App App App App App Specialized Features Specialized Control Plane Control Plane or Open Interface Control Plane or Open Interface Control Plane Specialized Hardware Merchant Switching Chips Vertically integrated Closed, proprietary Slow innovation [Source: Prof Nick Mckeown, ONS 2012] Horizontal Open interfaces Rapid innovation

Software Defined Network In 2007 seminal research papers propose decoupling forwarding plane (physical infrastructure) and control plane In the past (present) Routers no longer decide but only

10 Software Defined Network In 2007 seminal research papers propose decoupling forwarding plane (physical infrastructure) and control plane In the past (present) Routers no longer decide but only classify entering flow Action decided by a remote central entity : controller Flow: set of packets with same characteristics (among 12- tuple header s field) Communication between devices and controller via OpenFlow protocol

11 Network of Switches and/or Routers Source: Prof. Scott Shenker

12 Traditional Control Mechanisms Distributed algorithm running between neighbors complicated task-specific distributed algorithms Source: Prof. Scott Shenker

13 Software Defined Network (SDN) e.g. routing, access control Control Program Global Network View Network OS Source: Prof. Scott Shenker

14 Controller and Network OS (NOS) Define and Upload rule/action pairs into interconnection equipment Provides execution environment for programmatic control of the network Network Operating System (NOS) Open source controller: NOX in C++, POX in Python Devices (switches, routers,..) send their state (no of packets of given flow that entered etc..) to controller Update policies dynamically based on this information

15 Slicing Flow IDs for experimental traffic without interference to production network Slicing done by FlowVisor Illusion : each controller to dedicated network Long Term vision: decoupling between physical infrastructure and service provider

16 Network Planning Goal: allocate channels so that neighboring APs use different channels FP7-Crossfire Workshop, July 2013

Dynamic change to the best channel Close APs should use different channels so that they don t interfere Planning, see above Close access points often belong to different operators anyway.

17 Dynamic change to the best channel Close APs should use different channels so that they don t interfere Planning, see above Close access points often belong to different operators anyway... An AP could sense the surrounding channels occupancy and take a greedy local decision Switch to the less busy channel Issue #1: clients have to switch too It could break network connections => don t do this often Issue #2: what if other APs apply the same policy? May be useless, or cause oscillations FP7-Crossfire Workshop, July 2013

18 How can network virtualization help? A good percentage of Wi-Fi access points are set-top-boxes Owned by the ISP In a single operator scenario: All access points can report measurements to an area controller (building,...) - e.g. use IEEE v extension Can also report usage statistics (users signal attenuation distribution,...) The controller runs a planning algorithm (under constraint) The controller uploads a policy (channel, TX power,...) to the access points In a multi-operator scenario Same strategy, except that controllers have to communicate together Bonus: Inter-operator QoS management becomes possible FP7-Crossfire Workshop, July 2013

19 Wireless SDN proof of concept: redundant transmission WLAN has a limited throughput and are sensitive to congestion Global performance is disappointing when the user is used to wired LAN Multimedia content is tailored for Ethernet LANs Solution at the signal level: MIMO Solution at the packet level: duplicate the packet and send it through different paths Requires a multi-interface terminal Can work across technologies (e.g. Wi-Fi and LTE smartphone) Scenario implemented as an OpenRoads demo FP7-Crossfire Workshop, July 2013

Cross-layer redundant transmission for multimedia applications Multimedia flows are sometimes composed of different types of frames Example: MPEG flow

(differences between the previous & the next images) Loss or delay does not have the same effect on all types of frames Where SDN can help Transmit

20 Cross-layer redundant transmission for multimedia applications Multimedia flows are sometimes composed of different types of frames Example: MPEG flow I-Frames: full images P-Frames: predicted images (contains only differences from the previous image) B-Frames: bi-directionnal predicted images (differences between the previous & the next images) Loss or delay does not have the same effect on all types of frames Where SDN can help Transmit I-Frames on the best channel, P and B frames on the other Adapt video quality to network conditions (filter detail frames,...) FP7-Crossfire Workshop, July 2013

21 Handover management Horizontal handover (from AP to AP) Channel measurements ease mobility prediction SDN enables dynamic redefinition of forwarding rules to duplicate traffic over two APs - Need mechanism to filter duplicate packets at the reception Vertical handover (between technologies) Similar technique as horizontal handover when controllers collaborate Mobility prediction requires the device to decide whether to switch networks Scenarios are already demonstrated by OpenRoads FP7-Crossfire Workshop, July 2013

22 Inter-ISPs roaming and handover Scenario: two (or more) partner ISPs offer Wi-Fi seamless roaming FP7-Crossfire Workshop, July 2013

23 Inter-ISPs roaming and handover FP7-Crossfire Workshop, July 2013

24 Inter-ISPs roaming and handover FP7-Crossfire Workshop, July 2013

25 Buzzwords CloudRAN (RAN = Radio Access Network) RANaaS CloudNetworking Cellular IaaS Source: Blueprint for Introducing Innovation into Wireless Mobile Networks by K.K. Yap et al.

Not Sci-Fi Run at close to 100% utilization instead of 30-40 % usually [Amin

26 Not Sci-Fi Run at close to 100% utilization instead of % usually [Amin Vahdat, Google Principal Engineer, June 2012 ] [source: Google ONS presentation,april 12]

27 Players Academy Stanford & Berkeley : Open Networking Research Center Princeton Industry NEC Google (Openflow deployed in its dedicated backbone) Deutsche Telekom (with TU berlin) Nicira by Vmware Other ONF

28 So 5G SDN is unavoidable But at a small scale level: mmwave Massive MIMO WiFi direct or device to device or Ad-hoc Unlimited EIRP and Game theory for power control 4 th channel for wifi And

29 Other projects Encryption of physical signal Ad-hoc and mesh over SDN SDN controller performance Cellular SDN backhaul Video splitting over multiple radio for Medical Efficient deployment of cellular and wifi.. Turn off sleeping AP and/or BS Power control through cluster

30 The End Thank you תודה...

SDN and Wireless Network. Seungwon Shin KAIST

SDN and Wireless Network. Seungwon Shin KAIST SDN and Wireless Network Seungwon Shin KAIST Background First, we need to talk about traditional network devices Consist of two main components Control path (plane) decision module (e.g., routing) Data