Agricultural mechanization: present meets future!

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1 Agricultural mechanization: present meets future! November 2017 Hannover, Germany ISOBUS: The Industry Perspective Marcello Mongiardo

2 Agenda Introduction of ISOBUS Today The Near Future Future Challenges

3 Introduction In early 90s machines and implements, already equipped with Electronics, started facing the complexity of multi brand combinations In the same period ISO organization took the lead in the definition of an industry standard for the communication protocol among electronic devices of different manufacturers Since then it become immediately clear that this technology would have become key for the AG electronics.

4 Introduction Two factors were mainly driving the development of the standardization in the area of communication protocol and physical connectivity: Multi brand combination of Tractors, Implements and after market components Fast Growth of Electronics and the increase of product development efficiency

5 Introduction: The Multi brand markets The main key driver for the standardization was the need of interoperability of electronic systems installed on machinery produced by manufacturers of different brands [2]. The main goal was to reach a plug and play approach

6 Introduction: The Multi brand markets

7 Introduction: The fast growth of electronics Similarly to other Industries, the AG Industry saw a significant growth of electronics application starting from mid-late 80s [3] exceeding 20% of annual growth rate. Bigger manufacturers with multiple development locations were also affected by the lack of a standardized protocol. In a fast growing environment the consolidation of Product Development organizations was not always a priority and a desired policy. Even company joint ventures, partnerships and acquisitions were affected by the availability of a standard and the maturity of development in the ISOBUS and Site Specific Farming technology.

Introduction After almost 10 years from initial standardzation process the first ISOBUS products started to be commercialized at the beginning of year 2000 [3]

8 Introduction After almost 10 years from initial standardzation process the first ISOBUS products started to be commercialized at the beginning of year 2000 [3] conforming to ISO11873 standard. The ISOBus has now reached more than 15 years of maturity in the market and has become a key element in the design of modern agricultural machinery

9 Today The application of ISOBUS technology

10 Today If we take a look to markets where the agricultural mechanization has the highest level of technological development, most of High and Medium sized Machines and Implements are now equipped with ISOBUS but there are differences in the markets

11 Today North American AEM represents about 1,000 equipment manufacturers AEM Association of Equipment Manufacturers

12 Today Europe includes roughly 4,500 manufacturers of agricultural equipment consisting of large multinational as well as numerous small and mediumsized enterprises (SMEs)

Tractor ECU Task Controller Basic, Geo, Section Control

13 Today: ISOBUS released functionalities Universal Terminal ISB FMIS AUXiliary-Old, AUXiliary-New (safety/critical) Tractor ECU Task Controller Basic, Geo, Section Control ISOBUS Shortcut Button Data Logger Farm Management Information Systems

14 Today: ISOBUS products in CNHi

15 Today: ISOBUS products in CNHi Through the standardization CNH Industrial has managed to to have in the portfolio almost 200 products and models with certified ISOBUS functionalities

16 Today: Universal Terminal Main Screen 1 Main Screen 2 Intellicruise Setting Field Setting Memory Page Service Interval

17 Today: Universal Terminal Name of Current Job Menu Bar (Soft Keys) Main Work Screen (Data Mask)

18 Today: Universal Terminal User Configurable fields Status bar Action Buttons

19 Today: Universal Terminal Main Screen Baler Settings Wrapper Settings Job Management Direct Controls Configuration Menu

20 Today: TECU Class 3 A more recent application of the standard opens the way to the development of new functionalities, allowing the automation of tractor and implement combination and closing the control loop while operating the machinery in the field. The TECU class 3 messaging system allows the implement electronics to control in real time several critical systems of the tractor.

21 Today: TECU Class 3 Tractor systems that can be controlled: Class 3 ISOBUS Features Class 3 ISOBUS Options Rear Hitch Capability to accept Raise/Lower requests Guidance Capability to accept steering requests Rear PTO Capability to accept Start/Stop/Speed requests Powertrain Capability to accept speed change requests Remote Valves Capability to accept hydraulic remote valve control requests Front Hitch/PTO Capability to accept Raise/Lower Hitch requests, PTO Start/Stop/Speed requests

22 Today: TECU Class 3 The main advantages can be: Optimization of the Tractor-Implement combination: increase of the accuracy and the quality of the agricultural operation; achievement of a more efficient operation in the field (fuel consumption, productivity); Decrease of operator s fatigue.

23 Today: TECU Class 3 Proprietary Automation Large square baler automation: Intellicruise TM Start Reach minimum bailing speed TECU: Ground Speed * Drive & Bale Stop * With CVT Transmission Note: in green automated manoeuvres

24 Today: TECU - Class 3 Proprietary Automation

25 Today: TECU - Class 3 Proprietary Automation Virtual Terminals several generations

26 Today: TECU - Class 3 Proprietary Automation Virtual Terminals several generations

27 Today: TECU - Class 3 Proprietary Automation Virtual Terminals several generations

28 Today: TECU - Class 3 Proprietary Automation Virtual Terminals several generations Potential Issues of mould and overheating

29 Today: TECU - Class 3 Proprietary Automation Round baler automation: Intellibale TM Desired ground Bailing speed Ground Speed Stand Still Start Drive & Bale Stop Activate Net Wrapping Close Tail Gate EHR y Open Tail Gate & drop bale EHR y Note: in green automated manoeuvres

Currently in the market there are no real open Class 3 applications.

30 Today: TECU Class 3 Proprietary Automation One important drawback to be considered in these applications is related to the fact that, without a protected communication, the system could be subject to misuse and generate unexpected hazards on the tractors. Currently in the market there are no real open Class 3 applications. All of them are protected by proprietary encrypted communication which requires the definition of digital pairing keys to be used by an authentication algorithm. Therefore only trusted applications can be authorized for the class 3 communication.

31 The Near Future TIM (Tractor Implement Management)

32 The near future: TIM The usage of proprietary authentication algorithms for tractor-implement automation, does not represent the solution for the industry Within AEF, equipment manufacturers are creating a robust way of opening automation to trusted equipments defining the rules to clarify liability and guarantee a plug and play approach to the customers Machine data security is now relevant for this application

33 The near future: TIM

34 The near future: TIM

35 The near future: TIM Expected Launch END 2018

36 Future Challenges COPL (Cost Optimized Physical Layer) WIC (Wireless Infield Communication) HSI (High Speed ISOBUS)

37 Future Challenges: COPL (Cost optimized physical layer) Cost optimization to allow a higher diffusion of the ISOBUS technology (also more suitable for smaller machines). Industry is concentrating on: Passive termination Harness optimization (twisted pair, longer stubs) Use of 3.3 V transceiver

38 Future Challenges: COPL (Cost optimized physical layer) The goal is to reach lower volumes and smaller applications

39 Future Challenges: Wireless Infield Communication Ideal world but

40 Future Challenges: Wireless Infield Communication the real life looks different Sources: Sirischaefer.de, Chefkoch-treckebilder.eu, de-berg.de Interoperability is a main goal!

GPS-Positions and machine status of the fleet on

Cooperative machines Without control With control

Camera System on different devices Requirements:

to 50m) Bandwidth: Low Latency: Low Relationship:

41 Future Challenges: Wireless Infield Communication Use Cases Process Data Exchange Display the GPS-Positions and machine status of the fleet on a display Common Coverage Map A-B line exchange Cooperative machines Without control With control Camera and remote terminal Assistant System Camera System on different devices Requirements: Range: High (up to 2 km, or even 6 km?) Bandwidth: Medium Latency: Average Relationship: n to m Requirements: Range: Low (up to 50m) Bandwidth: Low Latency: Low Relationship: 1 to 1 Requirements: Range: Medium Bandwidth: High Latency: low Relationship: 1 to 1

42 Future Challenges: Wireless Infield Communication ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute

43 Future Challenges: High Speed Develop future-proof ISOBUS with higher bandwidth for increasing demands of control and data management USE CASES ISOBUS Sophisticated Visualization on more than 2 newer UTs (3D, higher resolution, more information, better user experience reduced latency, more rate application layers, manuals ) Realtime application process control for multiple sections (Taskcontroller, Section Control, Sensor Peer control, headland sequence control)

44 Future Challenges: High Speed USE CASES ISOBUS Distributed high resolution position/correction signals Digital Video Systems Improved Service and Diagnosis (flash ECUs, Logfiles, raw data streams for debugging) Mobile Internet on ISOBUS for dedicated server/client requests High Voltage Data Connection

Future Challenges: High Speed ISOBUS ISOBUS - CAN HSI - Ethernet Implement Front Tractor Implement #1 Implement #2 Additional channel for high speed

45 Future Challenges: High Speed ISOBUS ISOBUS - CAN HSI - Ethernet Implement Front Tractor Implement #1 Implement #2 Additional channel for high speed communication is needed the ISOBUS CAN channel is kept for backward compatibility Ethernet Single Pair 100BASE-T1 / 1000BASE-T1 has been chosen by the industry

46 Future Challenges: High Speed ISOBUS New 2-channel architecture ISOBUS - CAN HSI - Ethernet Challenges: New Connectors for HSI channel Point-to-point (star) connections instead of bus connections New infrastructure components

47 Future Challenges: High Speed ISOBUS Network architecture: single pair 100BASE-T1/1000BASE-T1

far from having reached a market saturation As technology evolves, manufacturers must take advantage of new

48 Future Challenges A positive cooperation between manufacturers on noncompetitive areas of development needs to be reinforced to make the AG electronics evolve faster, as the application of the electronics to the farm industry is far from having reached a market saturation As technology evolves, manufacturers must take advantage of new opportunities with the end goal of providing farmers with a higher productive, higher quality and more efficient farming cycle

49 Wrap up Introduction of ISOBUS Today The Near Future Future Challenges

50 THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

51 References [1] ISO11783, International Standard Organization [2] FACILITATING AGRICULTURE AUTOMATION USING STANDARDS Robert K. Benneweis (2006) [3] EVOLUTION OF ELECTRONICS FOR MOBILE AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT M. L. Stone, R. K. Benneweis, J. Van Bergeijk (2008)

AEF-ISOBUS: State of the Art and Future Directions

Agricultural mechanization: present meets future! 12-13 November 2017 Hannover, Germany AEF-ISOBUS: State of the Art and Future Directions Peter van der Vlugt peter.vander.vlugt@kvernelandgroup.com Content