Multipath QUIC: Design and Evaluation
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1 Multipath QUIC: Design and Evaluation Quentin De Coninck, Olivier Bonaventure multipath-quic.org
2 Outline The QUIC protocol Designing Multipath for QUIC Experimental Design Evaluation Ongoing Work and Conclusion 2
3 QUIC: watisda? 3
4 QUIC = Quick UDP Internet Connection TCP/TLS1.3 atop UDP >7% of the Internet trafc (YouTube, Chrome,...) Stream multiplexing HTTP/2 use case 0-RTT establishment (most of the time) HTTP/2 TLS TCP IP HTTP/2 shim QUIC UDP IP 4
5 QUIC Packet Flags Connection ID Packet Number Encrypted Payload... 5
6 QUIC Packet Flags Connection ID Packet Number Encrypted Payload... Cleartext Public Header 6
7 QUIC Packet Does not depend on network 4-tuple Flags Connection ID Packet Number Encrypted Payload... Cleartext Public Header 7
8 QUIC Packet Does not depend on network 4-tuple Monotonically Increasing Flags Connection ID Packet Number Encrypted Payload... Cleartext Public Header 8
9 QUIC Packet Does not depend on network 4-tuple Monotonically Increasing No retransmission ambiguities Flags Connection ID Packet Number Encrypted Payload... Cleartext Public Header 9
10 QUIC Packet Does not depend on network 4-tuple Monotonically Increasing Contains control/data frames No retransmission ambiguities Flags Connection ID Packet Number Encrypted Payload... Cleartext Public Header 10
11 QUIC Packet Does not depend on network 4-tuple Monotonically Increasing Contains control/data frames No retransmission ambiguities Flags Connection ID Packet Number Independent of packets Encrypted Payload... Cleartext Public Header 11
12 QUIC Packet Does not depend on network 4-tuple Monotonically Increasing Contains control/data frames No retransmission ambiguities Flags Connection ID Packet Number Cleartext Public Header Independent of packets Encrypted Payload... Easier deployment 12
13 QUIC Data Transfer H1 H2 13
14 QUIC Data Transfer H1 F CID PN=25 STREAM(id=5,of==): Some data in my long frame H2 14
15 QUIC Data Transfer H1 Actual data F CID PN=25 STREAM(id=5,of==): Some data in my long frame H2 15
16 QUIC Data Transfer H1 F CID PN=25 STREAM(id=5,of==): Some data in my long frame F CID PN=19 H2 ACK(25) MAX_DATA(for stream=5): 1=24 16
17 QUIC Data Transfer H1 F CID PN=25 STREAM(id=5,of==): Some data in my long frame H2 Control Frames F CID PN=19 ACK(25) MAX_DATA(for stream=5): 1=24 17
18 QUIC Data Transfer H1 F CID PN=25 STREAM(id=5,of==): Some data in my long frame F CID PN=19 H2 ACK(25) MAX_DATA(for stream=5): 1=24 F CID PN=26 STREAM(id=5,of=26):. STREAM(id=7,of==): Y ACK(19) 18
19 QUIC Data Transfer H1 F CID PN=25 STREAM(id=5,of==): Some data in my long frame F CID PN=19 H2 ACK(25) MAX_DATA(for stream=5): 1=24 Multiplexing F CID PN=26 STREAM(id=5,of=26):. STREAM(id=7,of==): Y ACK(19) 19
20 QUIC Data Transfer H1 F CID PN=25 STREAM(id=5,of==): Some data in my long frame F CID PN=19 H2 ACK(25) MAX_DATA(for stream=5): 1=24 F CID PN=26 STREAM(id=5,of=26):. STREAM(id=7,of==): Y ACK(19) F CID PN=2= ACK(26) 20
21 QUIC and Packet Losses H1 H2 21
22 QUIC and Packet Losses H1 F CID PN=26 STREAM(id=5,of=26):. STREAM(id=7,of==): Y ACK(19) H2 22
23 QUIC and Packet Losses H1 F CID PN=26 STREAM(id=5,of=26):. STREAM(id=7,of==): Y ACK(19) H2 F CID PN=27 STREAM(id=5,of=26):. STREAM(id=7,of==): Y 23
24 QUIC and Packet Losses H1 F CID PN=26 STREAM(id=5,of=26):. STREAM(id=7,of==): Y ACK(19) H2 No Packet Number Reuse F CID PN=27 STREAM(id=5,of=26):. STREAM(id=7,of==): Y 24
25 QUIC and Packet Losses H1 F CID PN=26 STREAM(id=5,of=26):. STREAM(id=7,of==): Y ACK(19) H2 No Packet Number Reuse F CID PN=27 STREAM(id=5,of=26):. STREAM(id=7,of==): Y F CID PN=2= ACK(Largest=27, Block=->25) 25
26 What about Multipath? 26
27 Why Multipath QUIC? QUIC assumes a single-path fow 27
28 Why Multipath QUIC? QUIC assumes a single-path fow 28
29 Why Multipath QUIC? QUIC assumes a single-path fow 29
30 Why Multipath QUIC? QUIC assumes a single-path fow Multipath QUIC Bandwidth aggregation Seamless network handover Can try new WiFi while keeping using LTE 30
31 Design of Multipath QUIC Connection is composed of a set of paths 31
32 Design of Multipath QUIC Connection is composed of a set of paths 32
33 Design of Multipath QUIC Connection is composed of a set of paths? Pkt Performance monitoring? Loss detection? Path congestion control? 33
34 Design of Multipath QUIC Connection is composed of a set of paths Pkt 34
35 Design of Multipath QUIC Connection is composed of a set of paths Pkt Flags Connection ID Path ID Packet Number Explicit path identifcation Encrypted Payload... 35
36 Design of Multipath QUIC Connection is composed of a set of paths Pkt Flags Connection ID Path ID Packet Number Explicit path identifcation No path handshake Encrypted Payload... 36
37 Design of Multipath QUIC Connection is composed of a set of paths Pkt Flags Connection ID Path ID Packet Number Explicit path identifcation Encrypted Payload... Per-path numbering space No path handshake 37
38 Multipath QUIC Data Transfer Server via WiFi Server via LTE Phone Path 1: WiFi Path 2: LTE 38
39 Multipath QUIC Data Transfer Server via WiFi F CID 1 PN=1 STR(id=5) Path 1: WiFi Server via LTE Phone Path 2: LTE 39
40 Multipath QUIC Data Transfer Server via WiFi F CID 1 PN=1 STR(id=5) F CID 1 PN=1 STR(id=7,of==) Path 1: WiFi Server via LTE Phone F CID 2 PN=1 STR(id=7,of=1=24) Path 2: LTE 40
41 Multipath QUIC Data Transfer Server via WiFi F CID 1 PN=1 STR(id=5) F CID 1 PN=1 STR(id=7,of==) Server via LTE Phone F CID 2 PN=1 STR(id=7,of=1=24) F CID 1 PN=2 ACK(pid=1,1) ACK(pid=2,1) Path 1: WiFi Path 2: LTE 41
42 Multipath QUIC Data Transfer Server via WiFi F CID 1 PN=1 STR(id=5) F CID 1 PN=1 STR(id=7,of==) Server via LTE Phone F CID 2 PN=1 STR(id=7,of=1=24) F CID 1 PN=2 ACK(pid=1,1) ACK(pid=2,1) Path 1: WiFi Frames not constrained to a particular path Path 2: LTE 42
43 Multipath Negotiation H1 H2 43
44 Multipath Negotiation H1 CHELLO(MaxPathID==x5) H2 44
45 Multipath Negotiation H1 CHELLO(MaxPathID==x5) H2 SHELLO(MaxPathID==x3) 45
46 Multipath Negotiation H1 CHELLO(MaxPathID==x5) H2 SHELLO(MaxPathID==x3) Use up to 4 paths (=x=, =x1, =x2, =x3) 46
47 Multipath Mechanisms Path management Packet scheduling Congestion control 47
48 Path Management How and when paths are established? IP1 IP3 IP2 IP4 48
49 Path Management How and when paths are established? IP1 IP3 IP2 IP4 49
50 Path Management How and when paths are established? Initial path IP1 IP3 IP2 IP4 50
51 Path Management How and when paths are established? Initial path IP1 IP3 IP2 IP4 Fullmesh fashion 51
52 Path Management How and when paths are established? Initial path IP1 IP3 IP2 IP4 Fullmesh fashion ADD_ADDRESS + REMOVE_ADDRESS frames 52
53 Packet Scheduling Lowest-latency frst 2= ms RTT 10 ms RTT 53
54 Packet Scheduling Lowest-latency frst 2= ms RTT 10 ms RTT 54
55 Packet Scheduling Lowest-latency frst 2= ms RTT 10 ms RTT What about when starting using a new path? 2= ms RTT? 55
56 Packet Scheduling Lowest-latency frst 2= ms RTT 10 ms RTT What about when starting using a new path? 2= ms RTT Duplicate? 56
57 Packet Scheduling Lowest-latency frst 2= ms RTT 10 ms RTT What about when starting using a new path? 2= ms RTT Duplicate? Schedule all frames (not only STREAM) 57
58 Congestion Control Multipath = need for coupled CC CUBIC would be unfair Opportunistic Linked Increase Algorithm MPTCP state-of-the-art 58
59 How well does Multipath QUIC perform? 59
60 Evaluation of Multipath QUIC (Multipath) QUIC vs. (Multipath) TCP Multipath QUIC: quic-go Linux Multipath TCP v=.91 with default settings Mininet environment with 2 paths 60
61 Evaluating Bandwith Aggregation Download of 20 MB fle Over a single stream Collect the transfer time 61
62 Evaluating Bandwith Aggregation Download of 20 MB fle Over a single stream Collect the transfer time For a loss-free scenario 2=ms RTT, 2= Mbps 4=ms RTT, 15 Mbps 62
63 Evaluating Bandwith Aggregation Download of 20 MB fle Over a single stream Collect the transfer time For a loss-free scenario 2=ms RTT, 2= Mbps 4=ms RTT, 15 Mbps MPQUIC has 13% speedup compared to MPTCP 63
64 Evaluating Bandwith Aggregation Download of 20 MB fle Over a single stream Collect the transfer time For a loss-free scenario 2=ms RTT, 2= Mbps 4=ms RTT, 15 Mbps MPQUIC has 13% speedup compared to MPTCP MPQUIC less bursty than MPTCP Probably due to CC skew on initial path in MPTCP 64
65 Evaluating Bandwith Aggregation Download of 20 MB fle Over a single stream Collect the transfer time For a loss-free scenario 4=ms RTT, 15 Mbps MPQUIC has 13% speedup compared to MPTCP 2=ms RTT, 2= Mbps MPQUIC less bursty than MPTCP Probably due to CC skew on initial path in MPTCP But what about other topologies? 65
66 Evaluating Bandwidth Aggregation Experimental design, WSP algorithm 2x253 network scenarios Vary the initial path Median over 15 runs Factor Minimum Maximum Capacity [Mbps] Round-Trip-Time [ms] 0 50 Queuing Delay [ms] Random Loss [%]
67 Large File Download No Loss TCP better QUIC better 67
68 Large File Download No Loss Single-path TCP better QUIC better 68
69 Large File Download No Loss 69
70 Large File Download No Loss MPQUIC better in 85% of cases 70
71 Large File Download No Loss MPQUIC better in 85% of cases Our extracted scenario 71
72 Large File Download No Loss MPQUIC better in 85% of cases Path 1: 27.2 ms RTT, =.14 Mbps, 34 ms queuing delay Path 2: 46.4 ms RTT, Mbps, 47 ms queuing delay Path 1: 49.4 ms RTT, 18.9= Mbps, 82 ms queing delay Path 2: 1=.6 ms RTT, =.43 Mbps, 11 ms queuing delay Our extracted scenario 72
73 Large File Download Losses 73
74 Large File Download Losses QUIC copes better with losses 74
75 Large File Download Losses QUIC copes better with losses TCP SACK: 2-3 blocks QUIC SACK: 256 blocks 75
76 What is the actual beneft of Multipath to QUIC? 76
77 Actual Multipath Beneft Experimental Aggregation Beneft Multipath QUIC/TCP vs. single-path QUIC/TCP Zero goodput = best single path = aggregation of all paths MP gives = Mbps 3 Mbps + 5 Mbps paths MP gives 5 Mbps 3 Mbps + 5 Mbps paths MP gives 8 Mbps Results depends on the frst path used Handshake latency over initial path 77
78 Benefts of Multipath No Loss 78
79 Benefts of Multipath No Loss % scenarios multipath has EAB >= =, regardless of frst path used 79
80 Benefts of Multipath - Losses 80
81 What about congestionprone networks? 81
82 Experimental Design with High-BDP Networks Factor Minimum Maximum Capacity [Mbps] Round-Trip-Time [ms] Queuing Delay [ms] Random Loss [%]
83 Multipath Benefts without Losses 83
84 Completion Time Ratio with Losses 84
85 What about short transfers? 85
86 Short Transfer Evaluation with Low-BDP Download of a 256 KB fle Collect transfer time Median over 3 runs Factor Minimum Maximum Capacity [Mbps] Round-Trip-Time [ms] 0 50 Queuing Delay [ms]
87 Comparison QUIC vs. TCP 87
88 Comparison QUIC vs. TCP Shorter QUIC handshake 88
89 Multipath Not Really Useful... 89
90 What about network handover? 90
91 Network Handover Support Apple MPTCP deployment mainly for handover Main use case for Siri 91
92 Network Handover Support Apple MPTCP deployment mainly for handover Main use case for Siri Request/Response trafc 75= bytes request/responses Measure delay seen by client 15ms RTT, 1==% loss after 3 s 25ms RTT 92
93 Multipath TCP Handover 93
94 Multipath TCP Handover 94
95 What Happened During MPTCP Handover? 95
96 What Happened During MPTCP Handover? Req 96
97 What Happened During MPTCP Handover? 97
98 What Happened During MPTCP Handover? RTO Req 98
99 What Happened During MPTCP Handover? RTO Req 99
100 What Happened During MPTCP Handover? Res RTO 100
101 What Happened During MPTCP Handover? RTO 101
102 What Happened During MPTCP Handover? RTO RTO Res 102
103 What Happened During MPTCP Handover? RTO RTO Res 103
104 And What About Multipath QUIC? 104
105 And What About Multipath QUIC? 105
106 What Happened During Handover? 106
107 What Happened During Handover? F CID 1 PN STR(Req) 107
108 What Happened During Handover? 108
109 What Happened During Handover? RTO FCID 2 PN STR(Req) PATHS(1 lossy) 109
110 What Happened During Handover? RTO F CID 2 PN STR(Req) PATHS(1 lossy) 110
111 What Happened During Handover? RTO F CID 2 PN STR(Res) 111
112 What Happened During Handover? RTO F CID 2 PN STR(Res) 112
113 What about actual networks? 113
114 QUICTester Application Perform tests in actual networks Does (MP)QUIC work in your networks? Does MPQUIC provides better performances? Application running on ios11 Feel free to provide feedback :-) QUICTester 114
115 To sum up
116 Conclusion Multipath should be part of any transport protocol Most devices are multihomed Designed and implemented Multipath QUIC Source code + artifacts + IETF draft available See multipath-quic.org Multipath more promising with QUIC than TCP Also opens potential new use cases 116
117 Thanks! multipath-quic.org 117
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