The Utility based AHP& TOPSIS Methods for Smooth Handover In Wireless Networks

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1 Internatonal Research Journal of Engneerng and Technology (IRJET) e-issn: Volue: 04 Issue: 07 July p-issn: The Utlty based AHP& TOPSIS Methods for Sooth Handoer In Wreless Networks Heena Shara 1, Raan Kuar Goyal 2, 1Maharaa Agrasen Unersty, Student, Pn code: , Badd, Inda 2Maharaa Agrasen Unersty, Assstant Professor, Pn code: , Badd, Inda Abstract The Utlty based AHP & TOPSIS ethods for sooth handoer n wreless networks s presented n ths paper. In the future, people hae een ore flexblty when true wreless nternet and real-te ulteda are proded sealessly oer heterogeneous wreless network. Also, arous applcatons deand dfferent qualty of serce (QoS) paraeters. The goal s to select the best network that can support the requred serce(s) and aod excesse swtchng aong dfferent networks n order to nze serce nterruptons and power consupton. The ertcal handoer schee s proposed for conersatonal, streang and nteracte applcatons. In ths ult- herarchy decson akng process the best suted Analytcal Herarchy Process(AHP) s appled for the decson akng process n ertcal handoer. The proposed schee of ertcal handoff prodes hgher QoS than the earler than the earler algorths. All the unnecessary ertcal handoer we controlled by proposed schee. The results show that the proposed schee prodes low traffc applcatons and oerall syste throughput wth a control of unnecessary handoffs for all knds of serces. Also, paraeterzed utlty functons are used to odel the dfferent Qualty of Serce (QoS) attrbutes (data rate, delay, tter, ) and user preferences (cost) for three dfferent types of applcatons. Fnally, scores are calculated exclusely for each network by two MADM (Multple Attrbute Decson Makng) ethods, TOPSIS (The Technque for Order of Preference by Slarty to Ideal Soluton) and AHP (Analytc herarchy process). A sngle-crteron utlty functon that rates user satsfacton and captures senstty for each decson crteron. As well, an adapte ult-crtera utlty functon s defned accordng to user preferences. Obtaned results show that our strategy outperfors other handoer decson schees, whch confr the sutablty and the effcency of our soluton. Key Words: QoS, AHP, TOPSIS, Utlty functons, Handoer, Sooth handoer. 1. INTRODUCTION Wreless councaton has ncreased rapdly n recent years. Wreless technology has helped to splfy networkng by enablng ultple coputer uses to sultaneously share resources n a hoe or busness wth addtonal or ntruse wrng. Wreless networks allows you to access the nternet whle on the oe; you can rean onlne whle ong one area to another, wthout a dsconnecton or loss n coerage. So, user wants to connect to another network that prodes better serces. The process of swtchng fro one network to another network s called handoer. When ths swtchng happens n sae type of networks, t s called horzontal handoer. When a oble dece roas n these heterogeneous enronents, t undergoes ertcal and horzontal handoers contnuously. In order to prode Always Best Connected (ABC) property, an optal Vertcal Handoer Decson (VHD) s requred. Ths paper, Analytc Herarchy Process (AHP)based network selecton technque and The Technque for Order of Preference by Slarty to Ideal Soluton(TOPSIS) s presented n heterogeneous wreless networks for conersatonal, nteracte, and streang applcatons. Also, wth the utlty-based MADM ethods unnecessary handoers can be aoded as n coparson wth tradtonal MADM ethods. Also, paraeterzed utlty functons are used to odel the dfferent Qualty of Serce (QoS) attrbutes for dfferent applcatons wth AHP and TOPSIS ethods. 2. Related Work Tran and Boukhate[1] consdered the case of ult-hoed ternals n heterogeneous wreless enronent where nstead of hangng oer fro one network to another, the oble ternal s usng sultaneously, seeral nterfaces for dfferent applcaton accordng to the applcaton characterstcs, the network characterstcs and user preferences. P. Bellasta et al.[2] hae consdered that, wth sgnal strength, other factors lke handoer awareness, QoS awareness and locaton awareness are also soe of the crucal factors to be consdered for handoer decson. But ore paraeters ntroduce ore delay, whch ay not be ery sutable for applcatons lke deo streang. Kang et al [3] seek to proe QoS serce contnuty and tgate nterruptons to oce transsson oer IP, deo streang as well as other applcatons that ay arse durng ertcal handoffs between heterogeneous wreless networks. Dwell[4] te calculaton has been proposed dependng on the user speed and ong patterns as a selecton etrc. It outperfored n reducng the nuber of ertcal handoffs and grade of serce whle ncreasng the aerage utlzaton per call of WLAN/ WMAX networks. Shara and Khola [5] 2017, IRJET Ipact Factor alue: ISO 9001:2008 Certfed Journal Page 500

2 Internatonal Research Journal of Engneerng and Technology (IRJET) e-issn: Volue: 04 Issue: 07 July p-issn: presented a network selecton algorth based on the TOPSIS algorth. The proposed algorth besdes the usual paraeters t also takes a predcton of the Receed Sgnal Strength (RSS) nto account for the network selecton. Sanay Dhar Roy et al.[6] hae proposed receed sgnal strength (RSS) based strategy for handoer n heterogeneous networks whch consders RSS and bandwdth. Further these strateges hae been odfed by consderng aeragng of RSS. For coparson purposes, the perforance of the VHO algorth also consders hysteress and dwell ter. Raan Kuar Goyal and Saksh Kaushal [7] hae proposed analytc herarchy process(ahp) ethod has been used for network selecton n heterogeneous enronents for ong ehcles. The ethod has been appled for arous types of applcatons lke conersatonal, streang, nteracte, and background applcatons. Fro the results, t has been found that WLAN s perforance degrades sgnfcantly when the ehcles are ong at hgher eloctes whle Unersal Moble Telecouncaton Systes (UMTS) perfors best for fast ong ehcles. Detaled network selecton schee s presented n Sect Proposed AHP & Topss Based on Utlty Functons AHP ethod was proposed by Saaty We hae used AHP & TOPSIS for best network selecton. The network selecton s based on four attrbutes naely data rate, cost, delay and tter. Three networks are consdered for network selecton,.e., network 1, network 2 and network 3. Three types of applcatons are consdered naely, conersatonal, nteracte and streang The AHP process for the network selecton process s as follows. Step 1: Deterne the obecte and ealuaton paraeters. Select the attrbutes and alternates. In our proble followng are the attrbute alues correspond to dfferent types of networks as shown n Table 1. Table.1:The Networks and ther paraeters NETWORK DATA COST DELAY JITTER RATE NETWORK NETWORK NETWORK Obtan the noralzed atrx by ddng wth the alue of benefcal attrbute (data rate, ) and ddng the nonbenefcal attrbute (cost, delay, and tter) wth the alue of attrbute. Step 2: Construct a pared coparson atrx usng a scale of relate portance. An attrbute copared wth tself s gen a alue of 1 and the alues 3, 5,7 and 9 corresponds to oderate portance, strong portance, ery strong portance and absolute portance. Whle, 2,4,6 and 8 coprose between these alues. Relate portance atrces for dfferent type of applcatons are shown n Tables. Table 2: Relate portance of dfferent attrbutes n conersatonal applcatons Conersatonal Data Cost Delay Jtter rate Data rate 1 ½ ½ 1/2 Cost Delay Jtter 2 ½ ½ 1 Table 3: Relate portance of dfferent attrbutes n nteracte applcatons Interacte Data rate Cost Delay Jtter Data rate 1 2 1/3 1/3 Cost ½ 1 1/5 1/5 Delay Jtter Table 4: Relate portance of dfferent attrbutes n streang applcatons Streang Data rate Cost Delay Jtter Data rate Cost ½ 1 1/3 1/4 Delay 1/ Jtter 1/ Step 3: Fnd the relate noralzed weght for each attrbute by calculatng the geoetrc ean of the each row n the coparson atrx and noralze the geoetrc eans of rows. Step 4: Calculate the axu Egen alue Step 5: Calculate the consstency ndex CI. Step 6: Obtan the Rando Index (RI) for the nuber of attrbutes used n decson akng. Step 7: Calculate the consstency rato CR= CI/RI. A CR of 0.1 or less s acceptable. Step 8: Calculate the oerall AHP score by ultplyng the noralzed weght of the attrbute. TOPSIS (for the Technque for Order Preference by Slarly to Ideal Soluton) was deeloped by Hwang and Yoon n 1980 as an alternate to the ELECTRE ethod and can be consdered as one of ts ost wdely accepted arants. TOPSIS ethod s a popular approach to MADM and has been wdely used n the lterature. TOPSIS sulaton consder the 2017, IRJET Ipact Factor alue: ISO 9001:2008 Certfed Journal Page 501

3 Internatonal Research Journal of Engneerng and Technology (IRJET) e-issn: Volue: 04 Issue: 07 July p-issn: dstances to the deal soluton and negate deal soluton regardng each alternate and select the ost relate closeness to the deal soluton as the best alternate. That s the best alternate s the nearest one to the deal soluton and the farthest one fro the negate deal soluton. The TOPSIS ethod assues that each crteron has a tendency of onotoncally ncreasng or decreasng utlty. Therefore, t s easy to defne the deal and negate-deal solutons. TOPSIS s a practcal and useful technque for rankng and selecton of a nuber of alternates deterned through dstance easures. Generally A+ ndcates the ost preferable alternate or the deal soluton. Slarly, alternate A- ndcates the least preferable alternate or the negate deal soluton. Further procedure can be descrbed n 6 steps, as follows: Step 1: Calculate the noralzed decson atrx. The noralzed alue r s calculated as follows: r x 1 x 2 =1, 2,..., and = 1, 2,..., n. Step 2: Calculate the weghted noralzed decson atrx. The weghted noralzed alue s calculated as follows: Step 5: Calculate the relate closeness to the deal soluton. The relate closeness of the alternate wth respect to A A s defned as follows: RC S S S, 1,2,..., Step 6: Rank the preference order. (6) Utlty functons are used to obtan the actual utlty alue of an attrbute [117]. Dfferent applcatons wth dfferent QoS preferences wll hae dfferent utlty alues. fora sae network. Thus, the nddual preferences are taken nto account n the utlty ealuaton. The utlty alue of an attrbute s dered based on the requreent of that attrbute for a partcular applcaton. If two networks are satsfyng the nu and axu requreents of an attrbute requred for that applcaton, the utlty alues of both the networks for that attrbute wll be closer. The requreent of attrbutes for dfferent applcatons s llustrated n Table 5. Table 5: Requreents of network attrbutes for the three applcatons r w =1, 2,..., and = 1, 2,..., n. (1) where w s the weght of the th crteron or attrbute n and w 1 1. Step 3: Deterne the deal ( A ) and negate deal ( A ) solutons. A C {(ax ),(n )} { 1,2,..., } (2) b A {( n C ),(ax C )} { 1,2,..., } (3) b c Step 4: Calculate the separaton easures usng the - densonal Eucldean dstance. The separaton easures of each alternate fro the poste deal soluton and the negate deal soluton, respectely, are as follows: S S 1 1 C c 2 ( ), 1,2,..., (4) 2 ( ), 1,2,..., (5) The utlty alues obtaned for network attrbutes for the three applcatons are shown n Tables 6-8. Table 6: Utlty alues for Conersatonal applcatons Data Delay Jtter Cost Rate N N N Table 7: Utlty alues for streang applcatons Data Delay Jtter Cost Rate N N N , IRJET Ipact Factor alue: ISO 9001:2008 Certfed Journal Page 502

4 Internatonal Research Journal of Engneerng and Technology (IRJET) e-issn: Volue: 04 Issue: 07 July p-issn: Table 8: Utlty alues for Interacte applcatons Data Delay Jtter Cost Rate N N N RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS AHP score s calculated as dscussed n Sect. 3. The perforance of these networks for streang, conersatonal and nteracte applcatons of the bass of AHP, TOPSIS and s shown n Fgures. AHP-TOPSIS ethod s also appled for the sae network selecton proble. Based on the ratos obtaned fro AHP-TOPSIS ethod, handoer decson s ade. Results wth TOPSIS ethod s alost sae as wth the AHP ethod. So, the results ndcate that the large range networks are always the preferred choces as they can support hgher oblty. Fg.3: AHP Scores of networks for streang applcatons Fg.1: AHP Scores of networks for conersatonal applcatons Fg.4: TOPSIS Scores of networks for conersatonal applcatons Fg.2: AHP Scores of networks for nteracte applcatons Fg.5: TOPSIS Scores of networks for nteracte applcatons 2017, IRJET Ipact Factor alue: ISO 9001:2008 Certfed Journal Page 503

5 Internatonal Research Journal of Engneerng and Technology (IRJET) e-issn: Volue: 04 Issue: 07 July p-issn: Fg.6: TOPSIS Scores of networks for streang applcatons Fg 9: UTILITY Scores for streang applcatons for TOPSIS Fg 7: UTILITY Scores for conersatonal applcatons for TOPSIS Fg 10: UTILITY Scores for conersatonal applcatons for AHP Fg 8: UTILITY Scores for nteracte applcatons for TOPSIS Fg 11: UTILITY Scores for nteracte applcatons for AHP 2017, IRJET Ipact Factor alue: ISO 9001:2008 Certfed Journal Page 504

6 Internatonal Research Journal of Engneerng and Technology (IRJET) e-issn: Volue: 04 Issue: 07 July p-issn: ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would lke to thank y supersor, Dr. Raan Kuar Goyal, for the patent gudance, encourageent and adce he has proded throughout y te as hs student. I hae been extreely lucky to hae a supersor who cared so uch about y work, and who responded to y questons and queres so proptly. Hs dynas, son, sncerty and otaton hae deeply nspred e. He has taught e the ethodology to carry out the research and to present the research works as clearly as possble. It was a great prlege and honor to work and study under hs gudance. Fnally, y thanks go to all the people who hae supported e to coplete the research work drectly or ndrectly. Fg.12: UTILITY Scores for streang applcatons for AHP The results shows that n ndependent applcaton scenaro, the algorth can prode the best rankng, n rando scenaro, the selected rate of the three networks are slar, and the rankng are ore balanced. Also, wth the utltybased MADM ethods unnecessary handoers can be aoded as n coparson wth tradtonal MADM ethods. Also, paraeterzed utlty functons are used to odel the dfferent Qualty of Serce (QoS) attrbutes for dfferent applcatons wth AHP and TOPSIS ethods. 5. CONCLUSIONS The an obecte of ths paper to deeloped schees s to nze the nuber of unnecessary handoffs, whle axzng the te wth a preferred network, resultng n ncreased end-user s satsfacton leel. Network selecton, the decson to select the best network aong the aalable canddates, also plays an portant role to axze the end s user satsfacton leels. The schee utlzes the paraeters, such as, Data rate, Cost, Delay, Jtter, Throughput of the network. Three types of applcatons: Conersatonal, Streang, Interacte, are utlzed n ealuatng the perforance of the proposed schee. The network selecton algorth fnds out the best aalable network that can support the contnuty and qualty of current serce. It s obsered that ost of the research work deals wth the target network selecton, gnorng the handoff and necessty estaton, that are of equal portance, as handoff and ts necessty estaton play a tal role n axzng the enduser s satsfacton. Ths suggests that ore work needs to be done n ths area. Ths algorth outperfors the other ethods by prodng less nuber of handoffs, a low handoff falure rate, the best network, and hgh network utlzaton. Utlty functons are further used to obtan the actual utlty alue of each network attrbute. Also, wth the utlty-based MADM ethods unnecessary handoers can be aoded as n coparson wth tradtonal MADM ethods. REFERENCES [1] R.K. Goyal, S. Kaushal, et al., Network selecton usng AHP for fast ongehcles n heterogeneous networks, n: Chak (Ed.), Adances n IntellgentSystes and Coputng, Sprnger, Inda, 2016, pp [2] M. Zekr, B. Jouaber, D. Zeghlache, A reew on oblty anageent andertcal handoer solutons oer heterogeneous wreless networks, Coput.Coun. 35 (2012) [3] R.V. Rao, Decson Makng n the Manufacturng Enronent Usng GraphTheory and Fuzzy Multple Attrbute Decson Makng Methods, Sprnger,London, [4] Tao, M. and Yu, H., A Sooth Handoer Schee for Fast- Mong Users n Moble IP6 networks, Wreless Personal Councatons, Vol. 60, pp , [5] T. Karyganns and L. Owens, Wreless network securty: , Bluetooth and hand held deces, Natonal Insttute of Standards and Technology, Specal Publcaton,pp , [6] T.L. Saaty. Decson akng wth the analytc herarchy process, Internatonal Journal Serces Scences, ol. 1, pp.83-98,2008. [7] Lao, J. X. Wang, J., and Zhu, X. A Mult-Path Mechans for Relable VOIP transsson oer Wreless Networks, Coputer Councatons, ol.52, pp , [8] L. Oborkhale, A. Salatan, and G. Onoh, Rankng the qualty of serce of a wreless cellular network for dfferent perods of the day, Internatonal Journal of energy, Inforaton and Councaton, ol.3, pp.55-56, [9] Mahd H. Mraz, Suhal A. Mol, Analyss of Qos of VOIP Traffc through WIFI-UMTS Networks, Proceedngs of the World Congress on Engneerng, ol.1, , IRJET Ipact Factor alue: ISO 9001:2008 Certfed Journal Page 505

7 Internatonal Research Journal of Engneerng and Technology (IRJET) e-issn: Volue: 04 Issue: 07 July p-issn: [10] M. A. Mustafa, J. FAI-bahar, proect rsk assessent usng the analytcal herarchy process, IEEE Trans. On Engneerng Manageent, pp , BIOGRAPHY Heena Shara was born n Solan, Inda. She receed the B.Tech. degree n Coputer Scence and engneerng fro the Hachal Pradesh Techncal Unersty, Harpur, Inda, n 2015, and Persung M.Tech. degree n Coputer Scence and Engnnerng fro the Maharaa Agrasen Unersty, Badd, Inda. 2017, IRJET Ipact Factor alue: ISO 9001:2008 Certfed Journal Page 506