DECENTRALIZED CONGESTION CONTROL FOR ITS G5

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1 DECENTRALIZED CONGESTION CONTROL FOR ITS G5 ETSI STF469 Dieter Smely 6 th ITS Workshop, Feb 2014, Berlin, Germany ETSI 2013 All rights reserved

2 Overview Introduction Basics Solutions Conclusions 2 ETSI 2011 All rights reserved Dieter Smely, STF469

3 Introduction What is Decentralized Congestion Control (DCC)? DCC shapes the ITS G5 ad hoc network traffic Why to shape the network traffic? To ensure proper operation of safety applications Since high channel loads cause long channel access delays and packet collisions, which cause radio range degradation Therefore, for safety relevant systems critical channel loads must be avoided! 3 ETSI 2011 All rights reserved Dieter Smely, STF469

4 Basics How to shape the network traffic? Decentralized Congestion Control (DCC) IEEE (MAC and PHY Layer) Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) Enhanced Distributed Coordination Function (EDCA) Quality of Service (QoS) and Access Categories (AC) ETSI TC ITS Cross layer extension to IEEE ETSI 2011 All rights reserved Dieter Smely, STF469

5 Basics IEEE80211 CSMA/CA andqos for broadcast packets arbitration interframe space busy medium AIFS[i] slot time 13 µs Message prioritization by PHY timing parameters transmission time EDCA mechanism CW AC CWmin CWmax AIFS AC_VO µs AC_VI µs AC_BE µs AC_BK µs random number of slots contention window 4 priorities (access categories) historically called: VO voice VI video BE best effort BK background 5 ETSI 2011 All rights reserved Dieter Smely, STF469

6 Basics EDCA limitations for broadcast packets EDCA avoids most packet collisions up to moderate channel loads For high channel loads the probability increases that the CWs end simultaneously for several nodes both nodes can transmit at the same time ETSI TC ITS DCC DCC avoids this channel overload by message rate control, and in future by additional transmit power control, and later on by offloading data traffic to other channels 6 ETSI 2011 All rights reserved Dieter Smely, STF469

7 Basics Control input to the DCC algorithm Local measurement simple to implement: Local Channel Busy Ratio (CBR) Global knowledge improves fairness and safety: CBR dissemination Message rate dissemination Transmit power level dissemination 7 ETSI 2011 All rights reserved Dieter Smely, STF469

8 Basics CBR determination principle* ) and accuracy Busy RSSI threshold RSSI time Received Signal Strength Indicator *) IEEE specifies a more complex CBR determination 8 ETSI 2011 All rights reserved Dieter Smely, STF469

9 Specification CBR Mess sage Rate [Hz] How to specify DCC? Specification based on a testable system bh behaviour limit Proposal: Upper CBR limit vs node number 1,0 08 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0, Number of ITS S For a message length of 1 ms the message rate limit is: Number of ITS S 9 ETSI 2011 All rights reserved Dieter Smely, STF469

10 Implementation examples 1,0 State Machine (T off proportional to CBR) CBR CBR 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0,0 1,0 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0,0 Limit Limit Cycle+ Limit Cycle Number ofits S Continuous PI controller with upper and lower rate limits CBR Limit Continuous PI controller Number of ITS S Any other algorithm that matches the limit! PI proportional integral 10 ETSI 2011 All rights reserved Dieter Smely, STF469

11 Single channel with local DCC information Message generation parameters DCC Facility CAM DENM Service Appl Facilities Layer interna al DCC pa aram DCC parm evaluation CEN DSRC coexistence Local CBR Network and Transport Layer Traffic class prioritization DCC queues Power control Flow control DCC Access PHY / MAC / DRIVERS / RADIO (Chipset) Access Layer 11 ETSI 2011 All rights reserved Dieter Smely, STF469

12 Multi channel with global DCC information interna al DCC pa aram Message generation parameters DCC Facility Channel DCC param DCC parm evaluation CEN DSRC coexistence DCC Access Global DCC TX param CAM DENM Service Appl Facilities Layer Neighbour Table Global DCC RX param Local CBR Network and Transport Layer Traffic class prioritization DCC queues Power control Flow control PHY / MAC / DRIVERS / RADIO (Chipset) Access Layer 12 ETSI 2011 All rights reserved Dieter Smely, STF469

13 Conclusions IEEE CSMA/CA plus EDCA works fine for moderate network loads For safety related applications the network load has to be controlled by an additional i DCC algorithm The first implementation step will be done by a local lcbr measurement, and a message rate control To improve fairness and safety, information sharing between the ITS Ss Ss will be necessary later on A coordinated power control will be necessary when high penetration rates are reached In addition, multi channel DCC can be used 13 ETSI 2011 All rights reserved Dieter Smely, STF469

14 Decentralized Congestion Control for ITS G5 Dieter Smely Kapsch TrafficCom AG Am Europlatz 2 A-1120 Vienna Austria Tel: Fax: DieterSmely@kapschnet wwwkapschtrafficcom com wwwkapschnet Thank you! 14 ETSI 2011 All rights reserved

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