AX/4000 Broadband WAN Emulator User s Guide

Transcription

1 Part Number AX/4000 Broadband WAN Emulator User s Guide Switch AX/4000 WAN Emulator Device Under Test The AX/4000 Broadband WAN Emulator (hereinafter referred to as the WAN Emulator) simulates a communications link for testing hardware and software performance at OC-3 and OC-12 rates. The simulated link can be configured to include impairments in the form of errors, delays, and dropout events. As a software option to the AX/4000 max Generator, the WAN Emulator reproduces defined error conditions and provides stress testing and performance optimization for the device under test in a controlled lab environment. Impairments are applied to the Layer 1 SONET payload but not the overhead. The payload impairments can be applied to IP, ATM, or Frame Relay technologies. The WAN Emulator is offered in unidirectional or bidirectional packages, or as a technology license upgrade to an existing max Generator or max Generator/Analyzer.

2 Copyright 2000 Spirent Communications Manual Part Number M9001-A. This document is subject to change without notice. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be copied, reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Spirent Communications Windows is a trademark of Microsoft Corp. Technical Support Call (800) or (808) for technical support. Registered users may also access Support at the Spirent Communications, Adtech Division Web site ( Warranty Plan All Adtech AX/4000 Broadband Test Systems come with a 1-year warranty. Extended Warranty The optional Adtech AX/4000 Extended Warranty Plan allows the purchase of additional years of warranty for 4.5 percent of the Adtech AX/4000 hardware purchase price. The Extended Warranty Plan covers all parts, labor, and necessary EPROM firmware updates. Warranty Service For warranty service and repair, the product must be returned to: Spirent Communications, Adtech Division 3638 Waialae Ave., Honolulu, HI The buyer shall prepay all shipping charges required to return the product to Spirent Communications and Spirent Communications shall pay all shipping charges required to return the product to the buyer. If the product is returned to a destination outside of the United States, the buyer shall pay all shipping charges, duties, and taxes. Warranty Limitations Extended Warranty protection does not apply to software, or to damage to hardware resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance by the buyer, unauthorized modification, misuse, buyer-supplied software or interfacing, operation outside of the environmental specifications for the product, or improper site preparation. No other warranty is expressed or implied. 2 AX/4000 Broadband WAN Emulator User s Guide

3 Calibration At the time of manufacture, all AX/4000 Broadband Test System and SX Data Link Simulator components manufactured by Spirent Communications are calibrated in accordance with applicable procedures. Spirent Communications equipment is calibrated using national standards, consensus standards, and ratio-type measurements based on self-calibration techniques. By design, the equipment has no user adjustments and does not require further calibration. Products are calibrated within the published environmental specifications for the products. At the time of shipment, this Spirent Communications product met its published operating specifications. Safety Precautions Be sure that you understand all directions, warnings, and limitations before using this product. In this document: WARNINGS present information or describe conditions that, if not observed, could result in injury. CAUTIONS reflect conditions that could cause product damage or data loss. NOTES describe limitations on the use of the equipment or procedure. Unpacking Before opening the Adtech AX/4000 carton, examine the carton for damage. If damage is not visible, unpack the carton and check contents for damage. Save all packing materials. If damage is noted, forward an immediate request to the delivering carrier to perform an inspection and prepare a damage report. Save the container and packing material until contents are verified. Concurrently, report the nature and extent of damage to Technical Support so that action can be initiated to repair or replace damaged items, or instructions issued for returning items. The responsibility of the manufacturer ends with delivery to the first carrier. All claims for loss, damage, or nondelivery must be made against the delivering carrier within 10 calendar days of receipt of shipment. Adtech AX/4000 Broadband Test System 3

4 System Requirements Controller Software Version Number AX/4000 Controller Software Version 3.70 or higher System Components The AX/4000 Broadband WAN Emulator is a port interface option that is enabled with a technology license and works with the family of max generators that can generate traffic at up to 1 Gbps speeds. Standard generator memory is 16 MB and is upgradable to 64 MB. The AX/4000 Broadband WAN Emulator technology license includes controller software that provides a graphical user interface (GUI) and access to the C Function Library and Tcl/TK commands for automated testing. Packages The mainframe unidirectional system includes: One 1 Gbps max generator-only test module (P/N H) One Layer 3 multifunction OC-3/OC-12 port interface (single-mode P/N ; multimode P/N ) Note: The addition of a technology mode requires an additional technology license (e.g., for ATM, IP, or Frame Relay). One mainframe chassis equipped with an Ethernet control module and running Windows 95, Windows 98, or Windows NT system software (P/N ) One AX/4000 Broadband WAN Emulator technology license (P/N ) The mainframe bidirectional system includes: Two 1 Gbps max generator-only test modules (P/N H) Two Layer 3 multifunction SONET OC3/OC12 port interfaces (single-mode P/N ; multimode P/N ) Note: The addition of a technology mode requires an additional technology license (e.g., for ATM, IP, or Frame Relay). One mainframe chassis equipped with an Ethernet control module and running Windows 95, Windows 98, or Windows NT system software (P/N ) Two AX/4000 Broadband WAN Emulator technology licenses (P/N ) The portable unidirectional system includes: 4 AX/4000 Broadband WAN Emulator User s Guide

5 One 1 Gbps max generator-only test module (P/N H) One Layer 3 multifunction OC-3/OC-12 port interface (P/N ) Note: The addition of a technology mode requires an additional technology license (e.g., for ATM, IP, or Frame Relay). One portable chassis equipped with an Ethernet control module and running Windows 95, Windows 98, or Windows NT system software (P/N ) One AX/4000 Broadband WAN Emulator technology license (P/N ) The portable bidirectional system includes: Two 1 Gbps max generator-only test modules (P/N H) Two Layer 3 multifunction OC-3/OC-12 port interfaces (P/N ) Note: The addition of a technology mode requires an additional technology license (e.g., for ATM, IP, or Frame Relay). One portable chassis equipped with an Ethernet control module and running Windows 95, Windows 98, or Windows NT system software (P/N ) Two AX/4000 Broadband WAN Emulator technology licenses (P/N ) The upgrade package for systems that already have a chassis and controller: One 1 Gbps max generator test module One Layer 3 multifunction OC-3/OC-12 port interface (P/N ) Note: The addition of a technology mode requires an additional technology license (e.g., for ATM, IP, or Frame Relay). One Broadband WAN Emulator technology license (P/N ) The 1 Gbps max Generator/Analyzer (P/N H) can be substituted in all systems for the generator-only option. Note: A max Generator/Analyzer occupies two slots in a chassis, compared with a generator-only option, which only uses one slot. This changes the maximum number of WAN Emulators that can be supported. Up to 16 WAN Emulators can be installed in one mainframe chassis using the 1 Gbps max Generator. If Generator/Analyzer combinations are installed in the mainframe chassis, the maximum number of WAN Emulators that can be installed is 8. Up to 4 WAN Emulators can be installed in one portable chassis using the 1 Gbps max Generator. If Generator/Analyzer combinations are installed in the portable chassis, the maximum number of WAN Emulators that can be supported is 2. Adtech AX/4000 Broadband Test System 5

6 Technology License For existing systems that already include a max Generator, the AX/4000 Broadband WAN Emulator can be purchased as a technology license to upgrade the existing hardware. Each port interface to be enabled for the WAN Emulator option requires an additional WAN Emulator technology license. Technology license only: One AX/4000 Broadband WAN Emulator technology license (P/N ) Registration If purchased with a new system, the WAN Emulator is authorized at the factory. The WAN Emulator is considered a port option and, if added to an existing chassis, must be authorized before it can be used. There are two methods by which to authorize a port option, depending on whether the chassis to be authorized is directly connected with a GPIB to the controller software or if the user is using the Network Access Graphical User Interface (NAGUI) utility to access and authorize the chassis with an Ethernet connection. First, obtain the registration key file by contacting Technical Support at (800) or at address customer@adtech-inc.com, or by contacting a Spirent Communications Sales Representative. It is necessary to have the port serial number authorized. The port serial number is on the hardware or can be found in the software by selecting the Help menu, About command. The Port Options Programmer (AXSIG.EXE) utility is a program used to enable port-specific options for an AX/4000 port. The Port Options Programmer can be started from the shortcut on the Start button on the Windows taskbar or from the NAGUI utility. If the chassis is shared among users, ensure that no other users are connected to other ports before starting. To start the Port Options Programmer from the taskbar, click Start Programs AX/4000 Controller Software Version x.xx.x Update & Options Programmers Port Options Programmer. To start the Port Options Programmer from NAGUI, click Start Programs AX/4000 Controller Software Version x.xx.x Network Access GUI. This utility can only be accessed in Administrative Mode. Right-click on the chassis that contains the port to be updated and select Change Port Options. A DOS window is opened. Follow the onscreen instructions, which includes choosing a channel (port) to be modified and entering the registration key. 6 AX/4000 Broadband WAN Emulator User s Guide

7 Upon exiting the Port Options Programmer, the chassis may have to be power-cycled, or the system may have to be re-initialized. The Network Access Graphical User Interface (NAGUI) User s Guide (publication number M5060-C) contains complete instructions for using the NAGUI utility, including authorizing system and port options over an Ethernet connection. System Upgrades The max Generator 64 MB memory upgrade (P/N ) increases the maximum delay that can be created. Adtech AX/4000 Broadband Test System 7

8 Introduction Overview The WAN Emulator s three impairment features are adding delays, injecting errors, and creating dropout events. All three impairment types can be used simultaneously. The WAN Emulator can: Generate delays of up to second at Mbps with the standard 16 MB max Generator memory Generate delays of up to second at Mbps with the standard 16 MB max Generator memory Generate delays of up to seconds at Mbps with the 64 MB max Generator memory upgrade option Generate delays of up to second at Mbps with the 64 MB max Generator memory upgrade option Inject random bit errors at a range of 10-4 to Create fixed or random dropout events at lengths ranging from 4 bytes to bytes (about 4 billion bytes) in increments of 2 n words Create dropout events at a rate range of 0.0 to 4.86 x 10 6 at OC-3 and 0.0 to x 10 6 dropout events per second Configuration Notes Many different types of hardware configurations are possible to create a variety of testing scenarios. A basic hardware configuration is to use an AX/4000 WAN Emulator to apply impairments to traffic received from a switch, and then to route it to the device under test (DUT) to test performance in a non-ideal environment (see Figure 1). Switch AX/4000 WAN Emulator Figure 1. Basic Test Configuration Device Under Test Another hardware configuration uses one AX/4000 chassis with two generators to generate errored traffic to the DUT. In this case, one generator creates the traffic and one is enabled as a WAN Emulator to apply impairments to the traffic before it is transmitted to the DUT. This type of simulation can be used to perform repeatable DUT measurements with user-defined traffic source conditions under a non-ideal environment (see Figure 2). 8 AX/4000 Broadband WAN Emulator User s Guide

9 AX/4000 Generator and WAN Emulator (using two ports in one chassis) Device Under Test Figure 2. Two-generator Configuration In either case, the WAN Emulator can simulate real-world link conditions, such as delays created when switching to a backup link and errors introduced into the data stream during times of severe weather conditions (e.g., extreme storms or solar flare-ups). A bidirectional WAN Emulator configuration might be used to test two pieces of WAN equipment, such as two edge routers. Traffic from the first DUT could be errored through the first WAN Emulator to the second DUT. Return traffic from DUT 2 to DUT 1 can be impaired with the second Broadband WAN Emulator. In this case, testing characterizes how the routers contend with differing errored or delayed traffic in each direction (see Figure 3). Another test scenario is injecting errors in a data stream to evaluate how applications in a distributed environment perform when data link delays and errors are introduced. The dropout impairment might be used to simulate a catastrophic event, such at when a link goes down. First Device Under Test AX/4000 with Two WAN Emulators (using two ports in one chassis) Figure 3. Bidirectional Configuration Second Device Under Test Several WAN Emulators used in conjunction can further increase delays. Adtech AX/4000 Broadband Test System 9

10 Operating Instructions Selecting WAN Emulator Mode If the AX/4000 has been authorized for both IP and WAN Emulator usage, the OC-3c/OC-12c interface setup window includes a Start-up Mode tab, which allows the user to toggle between IP and WAN Emulator modes. IP mode is selected by default. If the WAN Emulator option is not authorized for the AX/4000 chassis, then the Start-up Mode tab is not displayed. When in IP mode, the generator functions as a normal generator and any purchased technology and options can be used. When switching modes the controller software must be restarted for the changes to take effect. If using the NAGUI for network access, the chassis must be re-initialized for the changes to take effect. 1. Click Setup. 2. Select the Start-up Mode tab (see Figure 4). Figure 4. Start-up Mode Tab 3. To change the default start-up mode to the WAN Emulator, select the WAN Emulator radio button. 10 AX/4000 Broadband WAN Emulator User s Guide

11 4. The AX/4000 displays a re-initialize warning (see Figure 5). Figure 5. Re-initialize Warning Box 5. Click Yes. 6. Restart the AX/4000 software or re-initialize the chassis. If using NAGUI, the Admin menu includes a force re-initialize chassis command. This will affect other chassis users and tests. The WAN Emulator interface screen is slightly different from other multifunction POS interfaces. When WAN emulation is enabled, no other IP interface modes can be selected, the APS button is grayed-out, and no PPP setup button is available (see Figure 6). To re-enable these features used with other interface modes, on the Start-up Mode tab of the interface setup, select the IP mode option and re-initialize. The scrambling selection in interface setup is grayed-out and the timing defaults to loop timing when in WAN Emulator mode. Figure 6. Port Interface Window Adtech AX/4000 Broadband Test System 11

12 The WAN Emulation option is shown as a generator in the port list. Click on the WAN Emulator generator label to set the parameters. Each generator is configured independently for AX/4000 Broadband WAN emulation. Setting Fixed Delays 1. On the WAN Emulator window, click Delay to enable the delay impairment (see Figure 7). Figure 7. WAN Emulator Window 2. Enter a value in the Fixed delay field. The minimum and maximum delays possible with the OC-3 interface are 6.58 microseconds and second, respectively. Delays are set in increments of 6.58 microseconds. The minimum and maximum delays possible with the OC-12 interface are 1.65 microseconds and second, respectively. Delays can be set in increments of 1.65 microseconds. Greater delays are available with the 64-MB memory upgrade (see Table 1). Delay tolerance is less than ± 2 microseconds. 3. Select a time unit: seconds, milliseconds, or microseconds. Table 1. Available Maximum Delays (by Generator Speed/Interface and Memory) Interface Minimum Setting 16 MB Memory 64 MB Memory 155 Mbps (OC-3) 6.58 µseconds second seconds 622 Mbps (OC-12) 1.65 µseconds second second Injecting Random Errors 1. From the WAN Emulator window, click Inject Error (see Figure 7). 2. Enter the bit error rate in notation form (e.g., for a bit error rate of 5 errors every 1 billion bits (5 x 10-9 ) enter 5E-9). Errors are injected randomly. The error rate range is 10-4 to AX/4000 Broadband WAN Emulator User s Guide

13 Creating Dropout Events Dropout events replace data with a specified byte pattern at a given rate and for a given duration. The available modes are manual, random, or periodic. Manual mode allows for dropout events to be manually triggered via the Trigger button. Random mode creates random dropout rates subject to the given mean rate. Periodic mode creates dropout events at a set rate of dropouts per second. The dropout rate for random and periodic modes is set in dropout events per seconds, milliseconds, or microseconds. The replace byte specifies the dropout pattern that replaces bytes in the transmit stream. A fixed duration specifies the consecutive number of bytes that the dropout occurs. A random duration randomly varies the length of the dropout events subject to the given maximum length. In both cases, the minimum dropout length is four bytes. 1. From the WAN Emulator window, click Dropout (see Figure 7). 2. Enter the desired byte pattern to be used. 3. Select a mode: manual, random, or periodic. For manual mode, rate is unavailable and the Trigger button is available to initiate dropout events. 4. For random or periodic mode, set a rate. Rates are specified in dropout events per seconds, milliseconds, or microseconds. 5. Choose a random or fixed duration. If random, the specified value represents the maximum duration. Adtech AX/4000 Broadband Test System 13

14 14 AX/4000 Broadband WAN Emulator User s Guide