SkyGateway/SkyExtender Installation and Setup

Transcription

1 SkyGateway/SkyExtender Installation and Setup Rev C

2 2007 SkyPilot Networks, Inc. All rights reserved This publication, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form, by any method, for any purpose. Product specifications are subject to change without notice. This material is provided for informational purposes only; SkyPilot assumes no liability related to its use and expressly disclaims any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose. SkyPilot Trademarks SkyConnector, SkyControl, SkyExtender, SkyGateway, SkyPilot, SkyPilot Networks, SkyProvision, and the SkyPilot logo are the trademarks and registered trademarks of SkyPilot Networks, Inc. Third-Party Trademarks Java and all Java-based trademarks and logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States and other countries. MySQL is a registered trademark of MySQL AB in the United States, the European Union, and other countries. 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GOVERNMENT USE The following provision applies to United States Government end users. This product is comprised of commercial computer software and commercial computer software documentation as such terms are used in 48 C.F.R and are provided to the Government (i) for acquisition by or on behalf of civilian agencies, consistent with the policy set forth in 48 C.F.R ; or (ii) for acquisition by or on behalf of units of the Department of Defense, consistent with the policies set forth in 48 C.F.R and EMS Firmware 1.5 Document Last Revised: April 19, 2007

3 Contents About This Guide v Audience and Purpose vi How This Guide Is Organized vi Conventions Used in This Guide vii Chapter 1 Introduction Solution Overview Mesh Network SkyGateway SkyExtender Devices SkyConnector and SkyAccess DualBand Chapter 2 Your SkyGateway/SkyExtender Kit Kit Contents What Else You Need Chapter 3 Installing and Configuring the SkyGateway/SkyExtender11 Planning Your Installation GPS and the SkyGateway/SkyExtender Mounting Cabling Attaching Antennas Powering Up Configuring the SkyGateway/SkyExtender Accessing the Command-Line Interface Troubleshooting Appendix A Grounding Guidelines General Grounding Strategy Adding Surge Protection Grounding Checklist Appendix B FCC Statements Appendix C Specifications Appendix D Pinouts RJ-45 Pins DB-9 Adapter SkyGateway/SkyExtender Installation and Setup iii

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5 About This Guide This guide explains how to install and set up a SkyPilot SkyGateway, SkyExtender, SkyExtender DualBand, or SkyExtender TriBand device to provide wireless network access to users of a SkyPilot wireless mesh network. It assumes administrator-level knowledge of IP networks and a familiarity with configuring wireless devices. Chapter Highlights Audience and purpose How this guide is organized Conventions used in this guide SkyGateway/SkyExtender Installation and Setup v

6 Audience and Purpose This guide provides directions for installing and setting up a SkyPilot SkyGateway, SkyExtender, SkyExtender DualBand, or SkyExtender TriBand device that can provide access to users of a SkyPilot wireless mesh network. This guide assumes administrator-level knowledge of IP networks and a familiarity with configuring wireless devices. How This Guide Is Organized This guide is organized as follows: Chapter 1, Introduction, provides an overview of the SkyPilot Networks solution, describes the SkyPilot devices, and then illustrates how they combine to form a mesh network. Chapter 2, Your SkyGateway/SkyExtender Kit, provides the information you need before you begin your installation. Chapter 3, Installing and Configuring the SkyGateway/SkyExtender, provides instructions for the physical installation of the SkyGateway or SkyExtender as well as background information about configuration and references to associated procedures. Appendix A, Grounding Guidelines, provides direction on protecting your SkyPilot device with proper grounding and surge protection. Appendix B, FCC Statements, provides the FCC radio frequency interference statements for the SkyGateway and SkyExtender devices. Appendix C, Specifications, provides technical specifications for the SkyGateway and SkyExtender devices. Appendix D, Pinouts, provides pinouts for connectors and adapters to connect to the Ethernet interface port labeled CPE on the SkyGateway/SkyExtender power injector and the device s serial interface. vi About This Guide

7 Conventions Used in This Guide This section describes the text and syntax conventions used throughout this guide. Text Conventions This guide uses the following text conventions: Italic is used to introduce new terms. Bold is used to indicate what you click or type in a graphical user interface (for example, commands names or text being entered). In examples showing user interaction with the command-line interface, bold is used to indicate user input as opposed to command output. A monospace font is used for code elements (variable names, data values, function names, and so forth), command lines, scripts, and source code listings. Italic-monospace is used for replaceable elements and placeholders within code listings. Syntax Conventions This guide uses the following conventions when showing syntax: Angle brackets, < and >, enclose mandatory elements. You must enter these elements. For example: ping <IP-address> Square brackets, [ and ], enclose optional elements. You can omit these elements. For example: show filter [filter-table-number] Square brackets are also used to show the current value of parameters in the output of some commands. A vertical bar,, separates choices. For example: show bridge [cache port] Conventions Used in This Guide vii

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9 1 Introduction This chapter provides an overview of the SkyPilot Networks solution, describes the SkyPilot devices, and then illustrates how they combine to form a mesh network. Chapter Highlights Solution overview Mesh network SkyGateway SkyExtender devices SkyConnector SkyGateway/SkyExtender Installation and Setup 1

10 Solution Overview SkyPilot Networks delivers a wireless, end-to-end broadband solution that seamlessly supports high-capacity, high-coverage mesh networks. Designed for managed-access networks and service providers, the SkyPilot network takes broadband wireless the last mile with a cost-effective, robust infrastructure solution. Based on a high-performance architecture that deploys intelligent antenna arrays, the SkyPilot network delivers a dynamic broadband solution with significant advantages for business and home users. SkyPilot wireless devices are simple to install and easily fit into any type of wireless environment metropolitan, business, or home. The auto-discovery and rapid provisioning features of a SkyPilot wireless mesh network can greatly reduce deployment and maintenance costs. Multiple topology options and network scalability create intriguing options for rapidly expanding a metro Wi-Fi customer base. Mesh Network The typical configuration for a SkyPilot network is a mesh topology, which uses SkyExtenders to extend range and add network flexibility. In a mesh configuration, subscribers can either connect directly to the SkyGateway or connect indirectly via SkyExtenders (see Figure 1-1). In addition to adding range, a mesh network allows connections from locations where obstructions prevent line-of-sight access to a SkyGateway. Mesh networks are ideal for dense subscriber environments, for filling in coverage holes, and for reaching subscribers in areas where RF communication is obstructed by hills, trees, buildings, or other obstacles. 2 Chapter 1 Introduction

11 Figure 1-1. SkyPilot wireless mesh network Mesh Network 3

12 SkyGateway The SkyGateway operates as a base station for a wireless mesh network. It provides an interface between wired infrastructure and a wireless network of subscribers who enjoy secure, high-speed access to the Internet or to wide area networks. A SkyPilot wireless network requires at least one SkyGateway for operation. If necessary, you can add additional SkyGateways to increase network capacity or provide redundancy. The SkyGateway typically resides at a location with easy access to wired infrastructure usually a POP (point of presence) or data center. For optimal performance, install the SkyGateway on an elevated site such as a cell tower or the top of a tall building. SkyExtender Devices SkyExtenders, SkyExtender DualBands, and SkyExtender TriBands provide a costeffective way to add capacity and balance network loads by operating as repeaters to extend the wireless range of a SkyGateway (see Figure 1-1). You can add any SkyExtender device to your network to expand your coverage footprint and provide redundancy through SkyPilot s mesh networking features. SkyExtender devices (except DualBands) can provide subscribers with a direct connection to the wireless network via the device s Ethernet port. SkyExtender DualBand is a dual-radio solution that combines SkyPilot s longrange, high-capacity 5 GHz mesh backhaul with a high-powered 2.4 GHz b/g access point that allows service providers and municipalities to offer standard Wi-Fi services over great distances for targeted hot zones or dense, ubiquitous coverage patterns. SkyExtender TriBand integrates a 5.8 GHz mesh backhaul with the DualBand s access point and adds a third radio accessible through a second access point. The second access point leverages the 4.9 GHz Public Safety band, using a 4 Chapter 1 Introduction

13 communication protocol. Each access point uses a single antenna, and these antennas have similar coverage patterns, providing a cost-effective solution for municipal networks. For optimal performance, install the SkyExtender in an elevated location such as a roof, tower, or utility pole. SkyConnector and SkyAccess DualBand SkyConnectors link your subscribers to the SkyPilot wireless network. An Ethernet port on the device allows a connection to a subscriber s computer, or to a local area network (LAN) via a data switch or router. Designed for installation by the service provider, the SkyConnector attaches to an external structure such as an eave, roof, or pole. The SkyAccess DualBand offers the same features as a SkyConnector, plus a Wi-Fi access point that enables service providers and municipalities to provide standard wireless access over great distances, for targeted hot zones, or for dense coverage patterns. SkyConnector and SkyAccess DualBand 5

14 6 Chapter 1 Introduction

15 2 Your SkyGateway/SkyExtender Kit Your SkyPilot SkyGateway/SkyExtender kit provides the basic equipment you need to install the device and configure it for operation on a SkyPilot wireless mesh network. This chapter describes that equipment and lists additional items you should have on hand before starting installation. Chapter Highlights Kit contents What else you need SkyGateway/SkyExtender Installation and Setup 7

16 Kit Contents Figure 2-1 shows the contents of the SkyGateway/SkyExtender kit. Figure 2-1. What the basic kit provides Additionally, DualBand kits contain two 2.4 GHz (white tipped) omnidirectional antennas. And TriBand kits contain the following items in addition to the basic SkyExtender kit: One 2.4 GHz (white tipped) antenna One 4.9 GHz (black tipped) antenna SkyPilot separately offers accessories for different types of installation, including a surge suppressor, a tilt mount kit, and an all-in-one mount kit for light poles that includes a power supply and surge suppressor. For more information, visit the SkyPilot website at 8 Chapter 2 Your SkyGateway/SkyExtender Kit

17 What Else You Need Before starting installation, you also need the following: For basic mounting: 7/16" wrench Phillips screwdriver For pole mounting: Magnetic level Steel pole between 1 1/4" and 2 1/8" in diameter For network cabling: Spool of CAT-5 network cable (shielded cable is recommended) RJ-45 straight through cable for a serial connection to a console (standard CAT-5 patch cable will work) NOTE SkyPilot strongly recommends always running a serial cable from SkyGateways and SkyExtenders to facilitate troubleshooting. Crossover cable (for connecting to a an access point, switch, or router) RJ-45 connectors (connectors without a protective boot are recommended) RJ-45 crimping tool Surge protection device (strongly recommended) For configuration: Computer with a serial port, a terminal emulation program, a network interface card, and a Web browser (laptop recommended for convenience) What Else You Need 9

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19 3 Installing and Configuring the SkyGateway/SkyExtender This chapter provides instructions for planning and performing the physical installation of the SkyGateway or SkyExtender and then configuring it. Chapter Highlights Planning your installation GPS and the SkyGateway/SkyExtender Mounting Cabling Attaching antennas Powering up Configuring the SkyGateway/SkyExtender Accessing the command-line interface Troubleshooting SkyGateway/SkyExtender Installation and Setup 11

20 Planning Your Installation When choosing a site for the SkyGateway or SkyExtender, consider the radio frequency (RF) environment and the physical layout of the area. Trees, buildings, and hills can attenuate or block a wireless signal. When assessing a site, examine the overall topology of the wireless path for possible obstructions both existing and planned as well as seasonal changes of foliage and tree growth. The RF environment is dynamic, and can deteriorate over time as structures appear or are relocated. Plan to use test signals to determine the suitability of the link topology for target applications. Interference on your desired frequency results in overlapping signals, causing outages or intermittent drops in throughput. Once you ve identified a potential site, use a topographic map or path profile software to ensure that terrain or obstacles will not interfere with the links. Your site survey should include an RF scan to identify available frequencies. You should also check your preferred frequency at all locations. A frequency that s clear at one location may be crowded at another. Frequency planning is a critical factor in planning and implementing a wireless network. (For device operating frequencies, see Appendix C, Specifications. ) The site survey process should be ongoing. To verify that a site is relatively free of interference, make site audits every six to twelve months, scheduling regular maintenance visits to coincide with the site audits. For TriBand installations, operators should review laws and regulations regarding the registration and use of the 4.9 GHz frequency in the area of deployment. For example, 4.9 GHz is used in the US for public safety information. IMPORTANT Plan to configure the SkyGateway or SkyExtender before mounting it. Some steps, such as those requiring serial console access, are easier if the device is more accessible. For information about configuration, see Configuring the SkyGateway/SkyExtender on page Chapter 3 Installing and Configuring the SkyGateway/SkyExtender

21 SkyGateway Installation In a typical wide area wireless mesh network, you ll install a SkyGateway on a tower or the roof of a tall building. The direct coverage area of the SkyGateway is usually proportional to the height of the installation. You can also set up a SkyGateway for use in smaller-scale networks for example, a high-capacity business, an academic campus interconnection, or a local access network. For smaller networks, you can install the SkyGateway on the roof of a medium-height building or on a utility pole. SkyExtender Installation You can install a SkyExtender in any location where a strong signal from a SkyGateway (or another SkyExtender) is available: home rooftops, tall buildings, or light and utility poles. Having fewer obstructions means greater signal strength, a higher signal-to-noise ratio, and more throughput. GPS and the SkyGateway/SkyExtender The SkyGateway or SkyExtender uses a GPS (Global Positioning System) signal to synchronize itself with other devices on the network. The strongest GPS signal is available outdoors, where the device has an unobstructed view of the sky. (For indoor installations, such as for configuration and testing, the optimal location is on a windowsill or other opening with access to the sky.) Upon startup, a SkyGateway or SkyExtender searches for a GPS signal, and if the device can t detect a signal, it will be unable to complete startup and won t establish wireless connections with other devices. You can configure a SkyGateway or SkyExtender even if the device can t detect a GPS signal. While the device is searching for the GPS signal, press the TILDE key (~) to bypass the search; the device will then proceed through the startup sequence. NOTE The GPS search should be bypassed only for device configuration, not for standard operation. Without a GPS signal, data will not be reliably transmitted between devices. GPS and the SkyGateway/SkyExtender 13

22 The LEDs on the base of the device will confirm availability of a GPS signal. For more information on the LEDs and GPS signal acquisition, see Monitoring the Power-On Sequence on page 27. Mounting The first step of physically installing the SkyGateway or SkyExtender is to mount the device as described below. NOTE The figures in this section show the SkyGateway. For SkyExtender, DualBand, and TriBand installations, your view will differ slightly, allowing for antenna access through the cable covers. To mount the SkyGateway/SkyExtender: 1 Attach a magnetic level to the 1.25 to 2.0 diameter steel mounting pole to verify that the pole is plumb (straight). IMPORTANT It is the installer s responsibility to verify that the support pole and its installation method are of sufficient strength to withstand onsite weather conditions. (The supplied mounting bracket and screws are certified to withstand a 125 mph wind force.) 2 Use the provided mounting bracket and appropriate length 1/4" Number 28 screws (provided in the accessory kit) to attach the SkyGateway or SkyExtender to the mounting pole (see Figure 3-1). The 1" screws accommodate a pole diameter of 1 1/2", and the 2" screws accommodate a pole diameter of 2 1/8". Before clamping down the bracket, check that the mounting pole is still plumb and that the SkyGateway or SkyExtender is level. NOTE If the device is not level, performance may be degraded. 14 Chapter 3 Installing and Configuring the SkyGateway/SkyExtender

23 Figure 3-1. Attaching the SkyGateway/SkyExtender Cabling Ethernet cabling provides power and data connectivity for the SkyGateway or SkyExtender. Serial cabling provides connectivity for troubleshooting and local configuration connectivity that s beneficial and cost-effective for locations where access to the device is difficult, such as cell towers. To cable the device for both Ethernet and serial connections (recommended), see the procedure on page 16; to cable the device for Ethernet only, see the procedure on page 19. IMPORTANT For DualBand and TriBand installations, make sure to route and secure the cables such that they will not interfere with the external antennas. Cabling 15

24 To install cabling for both Ethernet and serial connections: 1 Connect the Ethernet cable. Run the CAT-5 cable under the gasket and plug it into the Ethernet port in the cavity on the device base (see Figure 3-2). Figure 3-2. Connecting the Ethernet cable 2 Connect the serial cable. a Thread the serial cable through the serial cable cover and weather gasket, and then plug the connector into the serial port. Figure 3-3. Connecting the serial cable 16 Chapter 3 Installing and Configuring the SkyGateway/SkyExtender

25 b Press the weather gasket into the recessed area around the serial port. Figure 3-4. Fitting the weather gasket 3 Attach the cover. a Slide the port cover over the weather gasket and secure it to the base of the unit with the provided screws, making sure the Ethernet cable passes through the cutout in the cover. Figure 3-5. Attaching the cover to the base b Use a tie wrap (provided in the accessory kit) to ensure a tight seal for the weather gasket. Cut off any excess tie wrap. Cabling 17

26 Figure 3-6. Sealing the weather gasket 4 Secure the cabling. Use sturdy cable ties or Velcro wraps (not included) to secure all the cabling against strain, especially if the installation is subject to high winds. Figure 3-7. Secured cabling 18 Chapter 3 Installing and Configuring the SkyGateway/SkyExtender

27 To install cabling for Ethernet only: 1 Connect the Ethernet cable. Run the CAT-5 cable under the gasket and plug it into the Ethernet port in the cavity on the device base (see Figure 3-8). Figure 3-8. Connecting the Ethernet cable 2 Attach the cover. Slide the Ethernet cable cover over the gasket and secure it to the base of the unit with the provided screws, making sure the Ethernet cable passes through the cutout in the cover. Cabling 19

28 Figure 3-9. Attaching the cover to the base 3 Secure the cabling. Use sturdy cable ties or Velcro wraps (not included) to secure all the cabling against strain, especially if the installation is subject to high winds. Figure Secured cabling 20 Chapter 3 Installing and Configuring the SkyGateway/SkyExtender

29 Attaching Antennas Unless you re installing a DualBand or TriBand, you can skip this section. To to attach the DualBand antennas, see the procedure on page 21; to attach the TriBand antennas, see the procedure on page 22. To attach the DualBand antennas: Connect the 2.4 GHz antennas. IMPORTANT If installing anything other than the included antennas, it is the operator s responsibility to ensure the antenna EIRP falls within FCC specifications. Screw the antennas onto the standard N-connectors on the bottom of the DualBand. Figure Attaching the DualBand antennas Attaching Antennas 21

30 To attach the TriBand antennas: Connect the 2.4 GHz and 4.9 GHz antennas. Each TriBand access point requires attachment of one of the antennas provided with the device. Screw the 2.4 GHz (white tipped) antenna onto the N-connector marked ant 1 and the 4.9 GHz (black tipped) antenna onto the N-connector marked ant 2. Figure Attaching the TriBand antennas 22 Chapter 3 Installing and Configuring the SkyGateway/SkyExtender

31 Powering Up To supply power to the SkyGateway or SkyExtender, perform the procedures described in this section. Making Power and Network Connections To make connections: 1 Attach the power supply for the SkyGateway or SkyExtender. a b Connect the AC power cord to the AC adapter, and plug it into an AC outlet. Connect the Ethernet cable to the port labeled CPE on the power injector. IMPORTANT Be careful not to plug the Ethernet cable connected to the SkyGateway or SkyExtender into the port labeled Computer. c Plug the AC adapter into the power injector. Powering Up 23

32 Figure Providing power to the SkyGateway/SkyExtender 2 If you re connecting a DualBand, skip this step. Likewise, if you re connecting a SkyExtender that will operate solely as a repeater on the wireless mesh network, skip this step as a data connection is not required. Otherwise, connect the device to a WAN (for a SkyGateway) or a PC/LAN (for a SkyExtender that s also providing local access to the wireless network). NOTE DualBands don t contain an Ethernet interface and can t detect any device connected to the power injector port labeled Computer. For a SkyGateway, connect a second Ethernet cable from the power injector port labeled Computer to a router or data switch that connects to the WAN or Internet (see Figure 3-14). 24 Chapter 3 Installing and Configuring the SkyGateway/SkyExtender

33 Figure Connecting a SkyGateway to a router or data switch For a SkyExtender (or TriBand, but not DualBand) that also gives subscribers access to the wireless mesh network, connect a second Ethernet cable from the power injector port labeled Computer to a personal computer (see Figure 3-15) or to a router or data switch providing a connection to a LAN (see Figure 3-16). Powering Up 25

34 Figure Connecting a SkyExtender/TriBand to a computer 26 Chapter 3 Installing and Configuring the SkyGateway/SkyExtender

35 Figure Connecting a SkyExtender/TriBand to a LAN Monitoring the Power-On Sequence When power is supplied to the SkyGateway or SkyExtender, it starts a routine power-on sequence which you can monitor by observing the pair of LED lights on the underside of the device. The power-on sequence takes up to 15 minutes, depending on how quickly the device can acquire a GPS signal. NOTE The SkyGateway or SkyExtender must have access to a GPS signal to complete its power-on sequence and start making wireless network connections. And depending on your SkyPilot network configuration, the device may be unable to connect to the network until the device has been fully configured as described in Configuring the SkyGateway/SkyExtender on page 30. Powering Up 27

36 Figure LED lights on the SkyGateway/SkyExtender base The tables that follow provide detailed descriptions of device states indicated by the LED lights. When both LED lights are lit and steady, the SkyGateway or SkyExtender is successfully connected to the wireless network. You can observe the startup progress by attaching a laptop to the device s serial port, starting a terminal emulation program, and rebooting the device. For more information about accessing a SkyGateway or SkyExtender via a serial connection, refer to the SkyPilot Command-Line Interface Reference, available from the SkyPilot website at Table 3-1. SkyGateway LED Status Lights (Page 1 of 2) Device state Link LED (green) Activity LED (amber) Startup in progress Slow staggered blinking of both LEDs Startup failure Off On Initializing image (and acquiring GPS signal) Blinks 4 times; repeats cycle Blinks 4 times; repeats cycle The blink sequence will be different for SkyGateways running firmware version 1.1 or earlier. 28 Chapter 3 Installing and Configuring the SkyGateway/SkyExtender

37 Table 3-1. SkyGateway LED Status Lights (Page 2 of 2) Device state Link LED (green) Activity LED (amber) Initialization failure Fast, synchronized blinking of both LEDs Successful initialization, but authorization failure On Off Connected On On The blink sequence will be different for SkyGateways running firmware version 1.1 or earlier. Table 3-2. SkyExtender/DualBand/TriBand LED Status Lights (Page 1 of 2) Device state Link LED (green) Activity LED (amber) Startup in progress Slow staggered blinking of both LEDs Startup failure Off On Initializing image (and acquiring GPS signal) Blinks 4 times; repeats cycle Blinks 4 times; repeats cycle Initialization failure Fast, synchronized blinking of both LEDs Successful initialization, but failure to locate hello On Off Successful initialization; heard hello on RSSI Off Blink (RSSI rate-based) The blink sequence will be different for SkyExtenders running firmware version 1.1 or earlier. Powering Up 29

38 Table 3-2. SkyExtender/DualBand/TriBand LED Status Lights (Page 2 of 2) Device state Link LED (green) Activity LED (amber) Successful initialization; link is not optimized, or is in pre-authorization Slow blink Blink (RSSI rate-based) Successful initialization; link is in standby state on RSSI Fast blink Blink (RSSI rate-based) Connected On On The blink sequence will be different for SkyExtenders running firmware version 1.1 or earlier. Configuring the SkyGateway/SkyExtender To operate on the wireless mesh network, the SkyGateway or SkyExtender requires a network configuration. A SkyGateway will not transmit a wireless signal until it is configured, and it will not be able to connect to other network devices without a configuration. SkyPilot offers two modes for provisioning devices with a configuration: Automatic Requires the use of SkyPilot EMS software to create configurations that an unattended central server can distribute to devices on the wireless mesh network. Although automatic provisioning requires more setup time than manual provisioning, it greatly simplifies the administration of a growing network. Detailed procedures for using EMS software are provided in SkyPilot Network Administration, available from the SkyPilot website at Manual Usually performed in the field, manual provisioning permits the configuration of only a single device at a time, creating the minimum settings required for a wireless link and storing them in the device s flash (nonvolatile) memory. Manual provisioning is a logical choice if you re installing a test network or rolling out a small-scale installation that isn t expected to expand. 30 Chapter 3 Installing and Configuring the SkyGateway/SkyExtender

39 For more information about provisioning modes, refer to Getting Started with the SkyPilot Network, available from the SkyPilot website at Accessing the Command-Line Interface SkyPilot devices include a command-line interface which you can use for manual provisioning and troubleshooting. You can connect to a device and access its command-line interface through Telnet over an Ethernet connection or via a terminal session from a console connected to the device s RJ-45 serial port. After logging in (by supplying a password), you can enter commands at the command prompt. For detailed cabling and access instructions for the command-line interface, refer to the SkyPilot Command-Line Interface Reference. Troubleshooting After making an Ethernet or serial connection to the SkyGateway or SkyExtender, you can manage and troubleshoot the device using a wide range of commands available through the command-line interface. For detailed troubleshooting procedures, refer to the Troubleshooting section in SkyPilot Network Administration. There you ll find troubleshooting procedures for: Power-on problems Ethernet connectivity problems IP connectivity problems SkyGateway Transmission problems Link failure problems Accessing the Command-Line Interface 31

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41 A Grounding Guidelines This appendix provides some guidelines for properly grounding the SkyPilot Gateway/SkyPilot Extender. Proper grounding protects both your SkyPilot device and equipment connected to it. For the surge protection circuitry built into the SkyPilot equipment to be effective, proper grounding of the unit is necessary. This is especially true if you re installing devices on tall structures, or in areas subject to lightning. NOTE The techniques described in this appendix are intended as general guidelines only and do not constitute a comprehensive guide covering all installation scenarios. For maximum protection, contact a qualified installation specialist who is familiar with your operating environments. If lightning is a threat in your area, consider a consultation with a lightning and transient protection specialist. General Grounding Strategy To ensure optimal reliability, properly ground the metal base of the SkyPilot device. The most efficient way to ground the device is to use an 8 GA or larger wire to connect it to a ground point on the structure or tower. The three most common ground points are: A cold-water pipe. Make sure it is well connected to earth. The primary grounding point of the AC electrical system of the building. A 10-foot or longer copper-clad ground rod driven into the earth. For a tower with multiple legs, you need one ground rod per leg and a ground wire loop connecting each of the rods; see Figure 12. SkyGateway/SkyExtender Installation and Setup 33

42 Figure 12. Ground wire loop A Making Connections Gas-Tight Regardless of the grounding point you use, make sure the connections are gastight capable of retaining low resistance and integrity over time and with exposure to the elements. Use of an antioxide compound and proper sealing is essential. For protection against corrosion, wrap all connections with Scotch 130C tape. Checking Cold-Water Pipe Integrity If you re using a cold-water pipe for grounding, verify the integrity of the ground. In some cases, sections of metal cold-water pipes may have been repaired or extended with PVC material. PVC material or a dielectric union will render a coldwater pipe ground unacceptable for grounding. 34 Appendix A Grounding Guidelines

43 Measuring Resistance Verify that there is no more than 5 ohms of resistance between any two ground points in the entire system. Also make sure that all ground points on a structure A are tied together. For example, if you use a ground rod and a cold-water pipe as grounding points at different locations on the same structure, you must tie them together. Adding Surge Protection If you re installing a SkyPilot device in an area that s subject to lightning storms, SkyPilot recommends installing a surge protection device (SPD) at both ends of the Ethernet cable one at the SkyPilot device and one at the point of entry to a building or enclosure. SkyPilot offers SPDs with bracket and cabling designed for use with SkyPilot equipment. For more information, visit SkyPilot customer support at to view accessory guides for SkyPilot-branded surge protection solution. (You may also purchase SPDs from third-party vendors.) Grounding Checklist When grounding a SkyPilot device, use the following checklist to confirm that your installation is adequately protected from power surges and lightning. Connect a ground wire from the SkyPilot device to a ground system on the building or tower. Use shielded CAT5 cabling and connect the drain wire of the shield to ground at the SkyPilot device. (Leave the other end of the drain wire unconnected.) Use the proper size down lead to connect a SkyPilot device on a roof or tower to the ground system of indoor equipment. Verify that all points of the ground system are tied together with less than 5 ohms resistance between any two points. Adding Surge Protection 35

44 Run the CAT5 cable inside the tower structure, tying the cable to the tower leg at every 4 feet of length. For increased protection, run the CAT5 cable through metallic conduit installed on the tower. Bleed off any static charge by installing a streamer-delaying, static-dissipation array above the SkyPilot device. Install all lightning and surge protection devices in accordance with UL 96A installation requirements for lightning protection systems and the NFPA 780 standard for lightning protection. A 36 Appendix A Grounding Guidelines

45 B FCC Statements FCC Radio Frequency Interference Statement This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a class B digital device, pursuant to part 15/90 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed, and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try and correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. Increase the distance between the equipment and the receiver. Connect the equipment to an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/tv technician for help. This equipment has been certified to comply with the limits for a class B computing device, pursuant to FCC Rules. In order to maintain compliance with FCC regulations, shielded cables must be used with this equipment. Operation with non-approved equipment or unshielded cables is likely to result in interference to radio and TV reception. The user is cautioned that changes and modifications made to the equipment without the approval of manufacturer could void the user's authority to operate this equipment. SkyGateway/SkyExtender Installation and Setup 37

46 Maximum Permissible Exposure In order to meet Industry Canada, FCC and other regulatory requirements for RF Exposure, the SkyGateway and SkyExtender units must be located a minimum of 40 cm (16 inches) from all persons. FCC statement Because DualBands and TriBands use standard RF connectors for the external removable antennas, professional installation is required. FCC Radio Frequency Interference Statement IC RSS-210 statement DualBands have been designed to operate with the external antennas for the 2.4 Ghz band listed below, and having a maximum gain of 7.4 dbi. Antennas not included in this list or having a gain greater than 7.4 dbi are strictly prohibited for use with this device. The required antenna impedance is 50 ohms. Approved antennas: Manufacturer Comet Comet Comet Model SF245 SF SF245+12x 38 Appendix B FCC Statements

47 C Specifications This appendix provides technical specifications for the SkyPilot SkyGateway and SkyExtender (Table C-1), SkyExtender DualBand (Table C-2), and SkyExtender TriBand (Table C-3). Table C-1. SkyGateway/SkyExtender Specifications (Page 1 of 3) Wireless specifications Frequency band EIRP Media access Modulation technique Modulation rates Throughput Latency , , , or GHz 44.5 dbm/28.2w peak, 36 dbm/4w average, 33 dbm/2w average, 30 dbm/1w average, or 36 dbm/4w peak (EIRP selected for country-specific regulations) Time Division Duplex (TDD) OFDM with adaptive modulation 6 54 Mbps UDP: Up to 20 Mbps TCP: Up to 10.5 Mbps ms round trip per hop Antennas 8-antenna array (360 coverage), each antenna 45 horizontal x 6 vertical, 18 dbi Channel width Channel resolution Receive sensitivity Connectivity 5, 10, or 20 MHz, depending on product version 5 MHz frequency control -90 dbm at 6 Mbps modulation SkyGateway connects with SkyExtenders, DualBands, TriBands, and SkyConnectors. SkyExtender connects with SkyGateways, SkyExtenders, DualBands, TriBands, and SkyConnectors. SkyGateway/SkyExtender Installation and Setup 39

48 Table C-1. SkyGateway/SkyExtender Specifications (Page 2 of 3) Authentication Encryption MD5-based certificates 128-bit AES on all wireless links Product Specifications Connectors Mounting Range LEDs Dimensions Weight RJ-45: Ethernet connection (10/100Base-T) and power (Power over Ethernet) RJ-45: RS-232 serial for local management Tower, utility pole, building, or other infrastructure, outside pole diameter up to 2.0" Up to 10 miles (16 km) Wireless activity, wireless link 18.0" (45.7 cm) H x 12.2" (31.0 cm) diameter 25.0" (63.5 cm) H with mounting bracket 14.0 pounds (6.3 kg) Operating temperature -40 to 131 F (-40 to 55 C) Wind loading Enclosure/humidity Power Certifications Up to 150 mph (240 km/h) NEMA-4X VAC, Hz input, 16 watts maximum FCC Part 15, FCC 47 CFR Part 15, Class B USA; compliance with UL safety standards, CE, C-Tick, IC RSS210 Issue 5 EMI and susceptibility FCC Part and Warranty One-year limited warranty on hardware and software Security Authentication Encryption Filtering MD5-based certificates AES Based on protocol type, IP port ID, and configurable IP address list 40 Appendix C Specifications

49 Table C-1. SkyGateway/SkyExtender Specifications (Page 3 of 3) Network management Command-line interface NMS Integration GUI configuration GUI EMS IP address Firmware Configuration file Console via RS-232 serial port or SSH SNMP v2c SkyProvision software and Web interface SkyControl software DHCP or static Multiple versions of firmware stored in nonvolatile memory; updated via FTP XML over HTTP QoS (Quality of Service) Prioritization Traffic shaping 802.1p-based; based on protocol type, IP address, port ID, and configurable IP address list Per-device rate limits upstream and downstream Monitoring and MIB support Supported MIBs MIB-II (RFC 1213); EtherLike (RFC 2665); Bridge (RFC 1493); SkyPilot private MIB Local management Remote management RS-232 Serial Console Port Command-line interface via Telnet, SNMP 2c, Web interface Topology Configurations Mesh, point-to-multipoint, point-to-point Specifications 41

50 Table C-2. SkyExtender DualBand Specifications (Page 1 of 3) Wireless specifications 5 GHz wireless backhaul (mesh, point-tomultipoint, or point-topoint) b/g AP (Wi-Fi subscriber access) Frequency band , , , or GHz EIRP 44.5 dbm/28.2w peak, 36 dbm/4w average, 33 dbm/2w average, 30 dbm/1w average, or 36 dbm/4w peak GHz 35.0 dbm/3.2w or 29.0 dbm/800mw Media access Time Division Duplex (TDD) b/g CSMA/CA Modulation technique OFDM with adaptive modulation b: DSSS g: OFDM with adaptive modulation Modulation rates 6 54 Mbps b: 1 11 Mbps g: 6 54 Mbps Throughput Latency UDP: Up to 20 Mbps TCP: Up to 10.5 Mbps ms round trip per hop UDP: Up to 20 Mbps TCP: Up to 10.5 Mbps ms round trip per hop Antennas 8-antenna array (360 coverage), each antenna 45 horizontal x 6 vertical, 18 dbi 2 external 7.4 dbi omnidirectional antennas with transmit and receive diversity Channel width 5, 10, or 20 MHz, depending on product version 20 MHz Channel resolution 5 MHz frequency control 5 MHz frequency control Receive sensitivity -90 dbm at 6 Mbps modulation -98 dbm at 1 Mbps modulation 42 Appendix C Specifications