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1 Artisan Technology Group is your source for quality new and certified-used/pre-owned equipment FAST SHIPPING AND DELIVERY TENS OF THOUSANDS OF IN-STOCK ITEMS EQUIPMENT DEMOS HUNDREDS OF MANUFACTURERS SUPPORTED LEASING/MONTHLY RENTALS ITAR CERTIFIED SECURE ASSET SOLUTIONS SERVICE CENTER REPAIRS Experienced engineers and technicians on staff at our full-service, in-house repair center SM InstraView REMOTE INSPECTION Remotely inspect equipment before purchasing with our interactive website at Contact us: (888) 88-SOURCE WE BUY USED EQUIPMENT Sell your excess, underutilized, and idle used equipment We also offer credit for buy-backs and trade-ins LOOKING FOR MORE INFORMATION? Visit us on the web at for more information on price quotations, drivers, technical specifications, manuals, and documentation

2 LANcat Series Cable Testers User Manual

3 Datacom Textron may make improvements or additions to this publication or their products at any time without notice. Datacom Textron shall not be liable for technical or editorial errors or omissions contained herein. LANcat is a trademark of Datacom Textron. P/N Rev. F Copyright 1999 by Datacom Textron st Place West Everett, WA Telephone Fax

4 WARRANTY STATEMENT The LANcat is warranted against defects in materials and workmanship within a period of two (2) years following the date of purchase of the tester. Any instrument claimed to be defective during the warranty period should be returned to Datacom Textron s Factory Service Center. Refer to the chapter on Technical Support and Service for further instructions. ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES ARISING OUT OF THE SALE OF A LANCAT CABLE TESTER, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, ARE LIMITED IN DURATION TO THE ABOVE STATED TWO (2) YEAR PERIOD. DATACOM TEXTRON SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR LOSS OF USE OF THE TESTER OR OTHER INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, EXPENSES OR ECONOMIC LOSS. Some states and countries do not allow limitations on how long implied warranties last or the exclusions or limitation of incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitations or exclusions may not apply to you. This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights which vary from state to state. Datacom Textron certifies that this instrument was thoroughly tested and found to meet its published specifications when shipped from the factory.

5 Table of Contents Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION Overview of Features Battery Information Display Conventions GETTING STARTED Initial Instrument Set Up Typical Test Set Up Selecting a Cable Test Standard System Integrity Pre-Test AUTOTEST Running Autotest Viewing Autotest Results Saving Autotest Results LinkTalk (LANcat TwoWay) QUICK CHECK Running Quick Check Viewing Quick Check Results CABLE TEST DESCRIPTIONS Wire Map NEXT Power Sum NEXT Cable Grading Length Page i

6 LANcat User Manual Delay/Delay Skew Attenuation ACR Noise Pair Reversal Test Repeatability Test Impedance Resistance (LANcat TwoWay) Cable Toner PRINTING, UPLOADING, VIEWING TEST RESULTS Connecting To a PC or Printer Printing/Uploading Test Results Deleting Test Reports Viewing Saved Test Reports TESTING TWISTED PAIR CABLE Types of Twisted Pair Cable Twisted Pair Test Descriptions Testing Tips SETUP Changing SetUp Parameters CALIBRATION AND UPGRADING NVP Calibration Remote Unit Calibration Performance Module Calibration Impedance Calibration Resistance Calibration Main Unit Calibration Page ii

7 Table of Contents Upgrading the LANcat ETHERNET TRAFFIC ANALYSIS Running Traffic Test Viewing Traffic Results TECHNICAL SUPPORT AND SERVICE LANcat Self Test APPENDIX A. TEST STANDARDS Installed Link Test Configuration... A-1 Channel Testing... A-2 Basic Link Testing... A-4 EIA/TIA TSB-67 - Test Limits... A-6 ISO/IEC - Test Limits... A-8 Enhanced Cable Standards Test Limits... A-10 IEEE Twisted Pair Test Limits... A-10 Defining Custom Standards... A-16 APPENDIX B. COMMON CABLE NVP VALUES APPENDIX C. SPECIFICATIONS APPENDIX D. CABLE REPLACEMENT PROCEDURE APPENDIX E. GLOSSARY Page iii

8 LANcat User Manual Page iv

9 Chapter 1 Introduction 1. INTRODUCTION The LANcat Series are precision instruments for the certification and troubleshooting of LAN cable installations. With plug-in Performance Modules, the LANcat Series are capable of testing a wide variety of cable types including Category 5/Class D twisted pair, coaxial cable, and fiber optic cable. This User Manual covers two LANcat Series model configurations. All models are fully compliant with the testing requirements of the TIA/EIA 568A TSB-67 and provide Level II measurement accuracy when testing Category 5 Basic Links. LANcat OneWay. The OneWay System performs one way nearend crosstalk (NEXT) measurements up to 100 MHz. Testing of NEXT from both ends of the link, as now required by TIA TSB-67 for compliant Category 5 installations, is accomplished by completing separate tests from each end. The test system includes a main handheld unit and an Active Remote (also called OneWay Remote). LANcat TwoWay. The TwoWay System performs automatic bidirectional measurements of NEXT up to 100 MHz. The test system includes two LANcat TwoWay handheld units, each having a full graphic display and control panel. Either unit may be operated as a main or a remote unit for testing twisted pair links. Page 1-1

10 LANcat User Manual Overview of Features The features and functions of the LANcat include: TESTING FEATURES OneWay or TwoWay system testing. Tests UTP, ScTP, coaxial, STP, and fiber optic cable. Certifies twisted pair cable up to EIA/TIA 568A Category 5 and ISO/IEC Class D (100 MHz). Performs NEXT, Length, Wire Map, Attenuation, Noise, Traffic, Impedance, and Resistance tests Performs a preprogrammed suite of certification tests when set to Autotest. Performs enhanced cable tests including Power Sum NEXT, Delay/Delay Skew, and Cable Grading to test emerging new enhanced data cables. Cable Toner enables identification of cable at far end. Page 1-2

11 Chapter 1 Introduction PRODUCT FEATURES Stores up to 500 Autotest results on a OneWay System, or 1000 for a TwoWay System. Graphical user interface on the main and remote units allowing test results to be viewed at both ends. Backlit LCD display. Easy field updates of hardware and software using plug-in Performance Modules and flash memory. Operates using either replaceable AA batteries, AC/Mains power, or a rechargeable NiMH battery pack (optional). Voice communication between main unit and the remote (LANcat TwoWay). The features of the LANcat, and how they are used, are briefly described in Figure 1-1. Page 1-3

12 LANcat User Manual Figure 1-1. LANcat Overview of Features Page 1-4

13 Chapter 1 Introduction Tests and functions accessible using the rotary dial are described in Figure 1-2. AUTOTEST QUICK PRINT WIRE MAP LENGTH TRAFFIC REMOTE CAL SETUP EXTENDED FUNCTIONS Figure 1-2. Function Dial Dial Position AUTOTEST PRINT CAL SETUP EXTENDED FUNCTIONS REMOTE TRAFFIC LENGTH WIRE MAP QUICK Function Performs a preprogrammed suite of tests, which are required to certify a cable installation. Print, view, or upload to PC, Autotest and/or Traffic reports. Calibrate cable NVP, Performance Module and Remote. Changes operation characteristics including Time/Date. Individual cable tests, unit selftest, pair reversal test, repeatability test and flash memory download. Puts LANcat into remote mode, for use in TwoWay testing Monitors traffic activity on an Ethernet network. Determines the cable length and up to two intermediate anomalies. Determines pin-to-pin continuity, shield continuity and split pairs. Performs an abbreviated Autotest test sequence as a fast cable installation check. Page 1-5

14 LANcat User Manual SEND FUNCTION (TWO-WAY SYSTEM) A Send function is available with the LANcat TwoWay System. This function allows you to transmit on-screen test results to the unit at the other end. To use the Send function, simply complete the test, and when the screen you want to transmit is displayed, press the corresponding soft function key. For example, in the figure below, you would press F1 to send the results. F1 F2 F3 F4 LINKTALK TM FUNCTION (TWO-WAY SYSTEM) The LinkTalk TM function is available with the LANcat TwoWay System. This function allows two way voice communication between the main unit and the remote. LinkTalk TM uses a microphone embedded in the front of each unit and an earphone connected to the jack located on each unit s side. See Chapter 3, AutoTest, for details. Page 1-6

15 Chapter 1 Introduction PERFORMANCE MODULE The LANcat is designed with removable performance modules for attaching to various cable types and cable connectors. The key to the LANcat s high measurement accuracy is using the proper performance module. To remove a module, loosen the thumbscrews at either side of the module until the screws are free of the retainers. Hold the module on either side and slide it out of the opening (refer to Figure 1-3). To install a module, slide it into the opening until the screws rest against the retainers, then hand-tighten the screws until the module is properly seated. CAUTION Avoid damaging the case of the LANcat. Tighten the screws evenly using finger pressure only. Make sure to either turn both screws simultaneously or alternately in small increments. The module is designed to be installed or removed without tools. Performance Module Figure 1-3. Module Removal Page 1-7

16 LANcat User Manual STATIC AWARENESS The LANcat contains static sensitive electronics inside the main body. Use appropriate precautions when removing and installing performance modules. REMOTE UNIT (ONE-WAY SYSTEM) The Remote Unit is connected at the far end of the cable when testing twisted pair cable. The Remote Unit (see Figure 1-4) is used during NEXT, Attenuation and Wire Map tests. Figure 1-4. Remote Unit Page 1-8

17 Chapter 1 Introduction Battery Information The LANcat handheld is shipped with eight AA alkaline batteries. The Remote Unit is shipped with four AA alkaline batteries. An optional rechargeable nickel metal hydride (NiMH) battery pack may be ordered for the LANcat handheld. A low battery message displays on the LCD screen when it is time to replace the batteries. When the low battery message appears, you have 60 seconds to save your test results before power-down occurs. MEMORY STORAGE The LANcat memory is powered from an internal, long-life lithium cell. Stored test results and set up conditions will therefore be saved when you replace the AA alkaline batteries or rechargeable battery pack. CHARGING MODE When the AC/mains adapter is used and the LANcat is powered off, the unit goes into a sleep mode. With the optional NiMH rechargeable battery pack installed, the unit goes into a Recharge mode. A fully discharged battery pack will take approximately hours to charge to full capacity. To resume testing, press the Power button. Page 1-9

18 LANcat User Manual CHANGING THE BATTERIES To change the batteries in the LANcat: 1. Remove the battery compartment cover, located on the back of the instrument (refer to Figure1-5). 2. Remove the batteries. 3. Install new batteries paying attention to the polarity markings on the inside of the battery well. NOTE The FAIL LED on the Remote Unit blinks continuously when the battery is low Figure 1-5. Battery Replacement Page 1-10

19 Chapter 1 Introduction Display Conventions ARROW KEYS An up/down arrows symbol (see detail in Figure 1-6) appears next to an item on the LCD display to indicate that you can use the arrow keys to make a different selection. For example, in the figure below, the arrows appear next to the word Link on the screen. Figure 1-6. Arrows Symbol To change a selection: 1. Press the up or down arrow keys to scroll through the available selections. 2. When the choice you want is highlighted, press SAVE (F4) or ENTER. Page 1-11

20 LANcat User Manual SCROLL BARS When there are more selections available than can fit on one LANcat screen, scroll bars will appear. For example, in the figure below, the scroll bar appears above Save. To use the scroll bar, use the arrow keys to move the scroll-bar indicator as well as to highlight a new selection. Figure 1-7 Sample of Scroll Bar DISPLAY CONTRAST ADJUSTMENT To adjust the screen contrast, hold down the Backlight button and press the arrow keys to set the screen contrast for comfortable viewing. Page 1-12

21 Chapter 2 Getting Started 2. GETTING STARTED This chapter provides a brief overview to the use of the LANcat for testing twisted pair cabling. It is intended for those users with prior cable testing experience who want to get started quickly. It covers only the basics on initial instrument set up, connections to the cable and the Autotest function. LANcat users with no prior cable testing experience are advised to also review Chapter 7, Testing Twisted Pair Cabling before using this instrument. Initial Instrument Set Up Before you first use the LANcat, you should check SETUP, which controls many basic instrument operations such as power-down time, backlight on time, feet/meters, date, time and serial output format. Each of these settings, however, has a default value established by the factory. To adjust any of these settings, refer to Chapter 8, Set Up. Page 2-1

22 LANcat User Manual SETTING UP THE LANCAT TWO-WAY SYSTEM To set up the LANcat TwoWay System: 1. Set the remote unit s dial to REMOTE. 2. Press the remote unit power button on. The display will read 3. Set the main unit s dial to the test or function you want to perform. 4. Connect the cable. 5. Press the main unit s power button on. SETTING UP THE ONE-WAY SYSTEM To set up the LANcat OneWay System: 1. Set the LANcat s dial to the test or function you want to perform. 2. Connect the cable. 3. Press the LANcat s power button. Page 2-2

23 Chapter 2 Getting Started NVP CALIBRATION In order to make accurate cable length measurements, the correct cable NVP value must be set in the LANcat. A typical NVP value will be automatically selected by the LANcat depending on the test standard that you choose. For greater measurement accuracy, follow the NVP calibration procedure in Chapter 9, Calibration. Page 2-3

24 LANcat User Manual Why do I need to set cable NVP? In order to make accurate cable length measurements, the correct cable Nominal Velocity of Propagation (NVP) value must be set in the LANcat. The NVP is a measure of how fast an electrical pulse travels down a cable compared to the speed of light. NVP is expressed as a percentage and is usually between 50% and 90%. A default NVP value is automatically set by the LANcat based upon the cable test standard selected. Using the default value, however, may result in cable length measurement errors of up to 7% due to the variation in the signal propagation rate from cable to cable. This potential length error usually will not impair troubleshooting of a prior working cable segment unless the length measurement of a cable is close to the test limit (for example 100 meters on a 10BASE-T segment). When using the LANcat for cable certification, determine the true cable NVP and save the value. This will ensure the most accurate cable length measurements and will avoid failing cable segments that are close to the test limit. Page 2-4

25 Chapter 2 Getting Started Typical Test Set Up BASIC LINK TESTING Figure 2-1 illustrates a typical test set up using a TwoWay System to test a Basic Link, as defined by TIA/EIA TSB-67. Figure 2-1. Typical TwoWay Test Set Up For Testing a Basic Link Page 2-5

26 LANcat User Manual Figure 2-2 illustrates a typical test set up using a OneWay System to test a Basic Link as defined by TIA/EIA TSB-67. Figure 2-2. Typical OneWay Test Set Up For Testing a Basic Link NOTE To certify a cable link with Level II accuracy, you must test the Basic Link using the LANcat Modular Plug Performance Module. You must also test the link from both ends (LANcat OneWay only). See Appendix A, Test Standards for further information. Page 2-6

27 Chapter 2 Getting Started CHANNEL TESTING Figure 2-3 illustrates a typical test set up using a TwoWay System to test a Channel as defined by TIA/EIA TSB-67. Figure 2-3. Typical TwoWay Test Set Up For Testing a Channel Page 2-7

28 LANcat User Manual Figure 2-4 illustrates a typical test set up using a OneWay System to test a channel as defined by TIA/EIA TSB-67. Figure 2-4. Typical OneWay Test Set Up For Testing a Channel NOTE A channel can be certified for conformance to the TIA/EIA TSB-67 Link Performance Standard, however, accuracy will be less than Level II requirements. See Appendix A, Test Standards for further information. Page 2-8

29 Chapter 2 Getting Started Selecting a Cable Test Standard The Cable Test Standard used by the LANcat to certify cables may be changed any time appears next to the cable name. To select a different cable test standard: 1. Set dial to Autotest, Quick, Wire Map, Length or Traffic. 2. Press either arrow key to display the cable standard library and select a different cable test standard. 3. When the desired cable test standard is highlighted, press SELECT (F4) or ENTER. The LANcat immediately begins testing using the new cable test standard. NOTE Refer to Appendix A, Test Standards, for assistance in choosing an appropriate cable test standard. When using a TwoWay System, cable standards are compared at both ends. If they differ, the standard on the Remote end will automatically be changed to match that of the Main end. Page 2-9

30 LANcat User Manual System Integrity Pre-Test Before testing an installation, the integrity of the LANcat system may be checked by running the tests described below. To pre-test your system: 1. Connect the main and remote units using a CAT3 coupler or a patch cable. 2. Run Self Test (Extended Functions, see Chapter 11). 3. Run Pair Reversal (Extended Functions, see Chapter 5). 4. Run Repeatability (Extended Functions, see Chapter 5). 5. Run Autotest (CAT3 Basic Link, see Chapter 3). 6. If FAIL occurs on any test results, contact Datacom Textron Technical Support for assistance (see Chapter 11). Page 2-10

31 Chapter 3 Autotest 3. AUTOTEST Autotest is a preprogrammed suite of tests which are required to certify a cable installation. Wire Map Near-End Crosstalk (NEXT) at both ends for TwoWay testing Attenuation ACR Length The following tests may be added to the Autotest suite of tests by defining a Custom Cable standard (see Appendix A, Defining Custom Standards): Impedance Delay / Delay Skew Power Sum NEXT Cable Grading Resistance Refer to Chapter 5, Cable Test Descriptions, for a complete description of these and other tests performed by the LANcat. Refer to Chapter 6, Printing, Uploading and Viewing Test Results, for more information about printing test results and uploading test results to a PC. Page 3-1

32 LANcat User Manual Running Autotest TWO-WAY SYSTEM 1. Connect one end of cable to the main unit and the other end to the Remote Unit. 2. Set the Remote Unit s dial to REMOTE. 3. Set the Main Unit s dial to AUTOTEST. The test runs automatically, then displays the results.(press the arrow keys to change the cable test standard). 4. Press START (F1) to re-start Autotest. Press VIEW (F3) to review Autotest test results. 5. Press SAVE (F4) or ENTER to save the Autotest test results. 6. Press TALK (F2) to ring the Remote Unit at the other end. ONE-WAY SYSTEM 1. Connect one end of cable to the LANcat and the other end to the Remote Unit. 2. Set dial to AUTOTEST. The test runs automatically then displays the results. (Press the arrow keys to change the cable test standard). 3. Press START (F1) to re-start Autotest. Press VIEW (F3) to review Autotest test results. 4. Press SAVE (F4) or ENTER to save the Autotest test results. Page 3-2

33 Chapter 3 Autotest Running Autotest F1 F2 F3 F4 Autotest Results F1 F2 F3 F4 NOTE If the LANcat fails any test, it will stop and display the failure. You may continue testing by pressing the CONTINUE (F4) softkey. Page 3-3

34 LANcat User Manual Viewing Autotest Results Autotest results are displayed in either summary or detailed mode. This section describes a general procedure for reviewing Autotest results including summary screens for Wire Map, NEXT, Attenuation, ACR, Length and Propagation Delay tests, and detailed test results for NEXT and Attenuation. Refer to Chapter 5, Cable Test Descriptions for further information on interpreting test result screens. Page 3-4

35 Chapter 3 Autotest SUMMARY RESULTS 1. Press VIEW (F3) from the Autotest results screen. 2. Press the arrow keys to view additional summary test result screens. 3. Press SAVE (F4) or ENTER at any time to save the Autotest results. 4. On a TwoWay System, press SEND (F1) to send the results to the Remote Unit. 5. Press ESC to exit View. NEXT SUMMARY Screen Pair combinations F1 F2 F3 F4 NOTE If you are using a TwoWay System, the Send function appears above the F1 key. Press F1 to send the information to the remote end. Page 3-5

36 LANcat User Manual Marginal Test Results A PASS* or FAIL* result indicates that a measured NEXT or attenuation value is close enough to the Test Standard that it is within the measurement uncertainty of the LANcat. As a result, the PASS or FAIL judgment is uncertain, and therefore the LANcat can not determine with confidence that the link conforms to the Test Standard. The following steps may be taken in order to resolve link tests with marginal measured results: 1. Reduce the measurement uncertainty. If you are currently using a Level I-rated Performance Module (PM), replace it with a Level II-rated PM and retest. If the test result is still marginal, or if you are already using a Level II-rated PM, proceed to the next step. 2. Recheck the link installation, focusing on connection points. Refer to Chapter 7, Testing Twisted Pairs, for suggestions on causes for excessive NEXT and attenuation. Correct installation if possible, and retest. Page 3-6

37 Chapter 3 Autotest DETAILED RESULTS Some test results screens have a DETAIL softkey that you can press to view more information about the test results (e.g., NEXT summary screen). 1. Press DETAIL (F3) from the Autotest results screen. 2. Press SUMMARY (F3) to return to the test result SUMMARY screen. 3. Press SAVE (F4) or ENTER at any time to save the Autotest results. 4. For a discussion of GRAPH (F2), refer to Chapter 5, Cable Test Descriptions, Viewing NEXT Graph Results. 5. On a TwoWay System, press SEND (F1) to send results to the Remote Unit. NEXT DETAIL Screen F1 F2 F3 F4 Page 3-7

38 LANcat User Manual Saving Autotest Results The LANcat can store the results of up to 500 Autotests, which can later be uploaded to a PC or printer. Refer to Chapter 6, Printing/Uploading Test Results, for the discussion on how to output test results. To save Autotest results: 1. Press SAVE (F4) or ENTER, from the Autotest Summary screen or any VIEW screen. The LANcat automatically selects the next report number. You can change the number by pressing the arrow keys. 2. If desired, enter a circuit identification number (refer to the detailed instructions that follow). 3. Press ENTER. Saving Autotest Reports F1 F2 F3 F4 NOTE On a TwoWay System, either unit may save up to 500 Autotests, giving the TwoWay System the capability of saving 1000 Autotests. This is accomplished by reversing the roles of the handhelds. Page 3-8

39 Chapter 3 Autotest CAUTION If you choose a report number that is in use, LANcat beeps and displays the message In Use beneath the report number. The LANcat has no overwrite protection. Nothing prevents you from saving a report to the same number as a previous report number and erasing the earlier one. Page 3-9

40 LANcat User Manual Entering A Circuit Identification Name To change circuit identification: 1. The LANcat will display a default circuit identification unless disabled by the Setup routine. To speed up entering circuit identifiers, the LANcat can automatically increment the last circuit identifier. (Refer to Chapter 8, Setup). 2. Press LEFT (F1) or RIGHT (F4) to move the cursor left or right along the ID line. 3. Press PREV (F2) or NEXT (F3) to enter numeric or alpha characters. 4. Press ENTER to save or press ESC to quit without saving. F1 F2 F3 F4 After saving, a message in the upper right corner of the screen displays the saved report number (e.g., Saved #001 ). Autotest report details remain available for viewing until the next test is started. NOTE Autotest results will be lost if not saved before the LANcat powers down. Page 3-10

41 Chapter 3 Autotest LinkTalk (LANcat TwoWay System) LinkTalk TM temporarily converts the LANcat TwoWay system to an audio-communication system. LinkTalk TM enables bi-directional, one-way (half-duplex) voice communication between the main unit and the remote. 1. Attach earphones to jack on lower right side of both main and remote units. 2. LinkTalk TM can be activated following Autotest, Quick Check, or from the Extended Functions menu. Press TALK (F2) from the Autotest or Quick Check summary screen, or select TALK from the Extended Functions menu. This will cause the remote to enter the TALK mode. 3. When the remote unit enters TALK mode, an alert bell will ring. Press STOP RING (F3) or any other defined function button on the remote unit to stop the bell. F1 F2 F3 F4 F1 F2 F3 F4 Page 3-11

42 LANcat User Manual 4. Press PUSH TO TALK (F4) on either the main or remote to talk to the person at the other end of the cable. 5. Press the arrow keys to adjust earphone volume up or down. F1 F2 F3 F4 6. Press ESC to exit TALK mode. INTERACTION OF TALK AND SEND FUNCTIONS After sending a test result screen to the Remote using the SEND button, the TALK feature can be activated as shown below - making it easy for the operators to discuss the result. 1. From an Autotest Summary Screen, send the test result screen to the Remote using the SEND button. 2. On the Main unit, press the ESC key to return to the overall Autotest summary screen. 3. Enter the TALK mode by pressing the TALK button (F4). 4. On both units, a REVIEW (F1) softkey is displayed. Press REVIEW (F1) to view the test result screen. 5. Press PUSH TO TALK (F4) to talk to the person at the Remote end. 6. Press ESC to return to the TALK mode screen. Page 3-12

43 Chapter 4 Quick Check 4. QUICK CHECK Quick Check is an abbreviated Autotest, designed to complete in less than 10 seconds. It is useful for quick installation checks. Wire Map Near-End Crosstalk (NEXT) at both ends for TwoWay testing Attenuation ACR Length The following additional tests may be added to the Quick Check suite of tests by defining a Custom Cable standard (see Chapter 2, Defining Custom Standards): Impedance Propagation Delay / Delay Skew Power Sum NEXT Cable Grading Resistance NEXT and Attenuation tests take measurements at a reduced number of test points covering the entire frequency range. For this reason, Quick Check is not a cable certification test; the results cannot be saved. Page 4-1

44 LANcat User Manual Running Quick Check TWO-WAY SYSTEM 1. Connect one end of the cable to the main unit and the other end to the Remote Unit. 2. Set the Remote Unit s dial to REMOTE. 3. Set the main unit s dial to QUICK. The test begins automatically. (Press the arrow keys to change the cable test standard). 4. Press START (F1) to re-start Quick Check. Press VIEW (F3) to review Quick Check test results. Running Quick Check F1 F2 F3 F4 The results of Quick Check are displayed on the screen. Quick Check Results F1 F2 F3 F4 Page 4-2

45 Chapter 4 Quick Check ONE-WAY SYSTEM 1. Connect one end of cable to the LANcat and the other end to the Remote Unit. 2. Set dial to QUICK. The test begins automatically. (Press the arrow keys to change the cable test standard). 3. Press START (F1) to re-start Quick Check. 4. Press TALK (F2) to talk to remote unit operator. (Refer to Chapter 3 for instructions in using LinkTalk TM ). 5. Press VIEW (F3) to review Quick Check test results. Page 4-3

46 LANcat User Manual Viewing Quick Check Results Viewing the results of Quick Check is the same as for Autotest, except that they cannot be saved. Refer to Viewing Autotest Results in Chapter 3, Autotest. Marginal Test Results A PASS* or FAIL* result indicates that a measured NEXT or attenuation value is close enough to the Test Standard that it is within the measurement uncertainty of the LANcat. As a result, the PASS or FAIL judgment is uncertain, and therefore the LANcat can not determine with confidence that the link conforms to the Test Standard. The following steps may be taken in order to resolve link tests with marginal measured results: 1. Reduce the measurement uncertainty. If you are currently using a Level I-rated Performance Module (PM), replace it with a Level II-rated PM and retest. If the test result is still marginal, or if you are already using a Level II-rated PM, proceed to the next step. 2. Recheck the link installation, focusing on connection points. Refer to Chapter 7, Testing Twisted Pairs, for suggestions on causes for excessive NEXT and attenuation. Correct installation if possible, and retest. Page 4-4

47 Chapter 5 Cable Test Descriptions 5. CABLE TEST DESCRIPTIONS The following section describes each test and how to run each test individually. Refer to Chapter 7, Testing Twisted Pairs, for detailed test results interpretation and more troubleshooting tips. While it is usually recommended to use Autotest for most cable testing, individual cable tests may be useful in troubleshooting specific cable problems. For example, Autotest may reveal a wire map problem requiring remounting of connectors. It may be faster to use the individual Wire Map test to verify the correction and then to perform another Autotest sequence for a certification record. Page 5-1

48 LANcat User Manual Wire Map Wire Map checks twisted pair cable for pin-to-pin and shield continuity, and checks for split pairs. Wire Map is one of the tests run during Autotest and Quick Check. It can also be run individually. Wire Map tests for: Reversed pair Shorts Opens Crossed pairs Split pairs Miswires Shield continuity RUNNING WIRE MAP INDIVIDUALLY 1. Connect one end of the cable under test to the LANcat and the other end to the remote unit. If you are using a TwoWay System, set the remote unit s dial to Remote. 2. Set dial to WIRE MAP. The test begins scanning immediately. (Press the arrow keys to select another cable test standard). NOTE Wire Map runs continuously to enable you to find intermittent wiring problems. All four pairs will be tested and the results displayed even if the selected test standard does not require all the pairs to be tested. However, a PASS/FAIL determination is only based on the pairs required by the selected cable test standard. Page 5-2

49 Chapter 5 Cable Test Descriptions VIEWING WIRE MAP RESULTS The results of the Wire Map test are displayed on the LANcat screen. The following illustrations show possible wiring faults. Crossed Pair Split Pair Crossed Pair Split Pair Reversed Pair Short Open Page 5-3

50 LANcat User Manual NEXT NEXT (Near-End Crosstalk) is a measure of noise coupled between two twisted pairs measured at the same end of the cable as the disturbing signal source. NEXT is measured using all pair combinations when testing a twisted pair cable. NEXT is one of the tests run during Autotest and Quick Check. It is one of the fundamental certification tests for Category 3, 4 and 5 UTP cabling. It can also be run individually as an Extended Functions test. NEXT tests for: Excessive crosstalk between pairs Proper pair connections RUNNING NEXT INDIVIDUALLY 1. Connect one end of the cable under test to the LANcat and the other end to the remote unit. If you are using a TwoWay System, set the remote unit s dial to Remote. 2. Set dial to EXTENDED FUNCTIONS. 3. Press ENTER (NEXT is the first selection). 4. (Press the arrow keys to change the cable test standard). 5. Press Start (F1) to restart NEXT. Page 5-4

51 Chapter 5 Cable Test Descriptions Selecting NEXT F1 F2 F3 F4 NOTE When the NEXT test is performed on a TwoWay System, both ends are tested. Page 5-5

52 LANcat User Manual VIEWING NEXT RESULTS The NEXT of each pair combination is compared to the selected cable test standard and pass or fail is indicated. NEXT Summary Results F1 F2 F3 F4 The worst measured crosstalk is shown in the detailed test display. The display indicates the frequency of this measurement, the measured value in decibels (db) and the test limit. To View the details of the NEXT test: 1. From the NEXT summary result screen, press DETAIL (F3). Detailed NEXT Results F1 F2 F3 F4 2. On a TwoWay System, press SEND (F1) to send the results to the Remote Unit. 3. Press SUMMARY (F3) or ESC to return to the summary screen. Page 5-6

53 Chapter 5 Cable Test Descriptions Marginal Test Results A PASS* or FAIL* result indicates that a measured NEXT value is close enough to the Test Standard that it is within the measurement uncertainty of the LANcat. As a result, the PASS or FAIL judgment is uncertain, and therefore the LANcat can not determine with confidence that the link conforms to the Test Standard. The following steps may be taken in order to resolve link tests with marginal measured results: 1. Reduce the measurement uncertainty. If you are currently using a Level I-rated Performance Module, replace it with a Level II-rated Performance Module and retest. If the test result is still marginal, or if you are already using a Level IIrated Performance Module, proceed to the next step. 2. Recheck the link installation, focusing on connection points. Refer to Chapter 7, Testing Twisted Pairs, for suggestions on causes for excessive NEXT. Correct installation if possible, and retest. Page 5-7

54 LANcat User Manual VIEWING A GRAPH OF NEXT RESULTS To view a graph of the NEXT test results: 1. From the detail or Summary Results screen, press GRAPH (F2). Graph of NEXT Results Cursor Test Limit Test Result F1 F2 F3 F4 2. Press PAIR (F1) to display the results for a different pair combination. On a TwoWay System, press SEND (F2) to send the results to the Remote Unit. 3. Press the arrow keys to move the cursor to a new point on the graph. The test result at the selected point is displayed below the graph. 4. Press PRINT (F4) to send a comma-separated variable (CSV) listing of the results to the serial port. This outputs a complete listing of all NEXT measurements for all pair combinations. 5. Press SUMMARY (F3) or ESC to return to the Summary screen. NOTE The test result displayed on the graph is the worst value found within 1 MHz frequency increments for Category 5 and ISO Class D testing. All test results are available and can be output from the LANcat. Page 5-8

55 Chapter 5 Cable Test Descriptions Power Sum NEXT NEXT (Near End Crosstalk) is a measure of noise coupled from one pair to another pair within a four pair cable. Power Sum NEXT is a sum of the pair-to-pair NEXT coupled from all adjacent pairs. Signal generators Crosstalk 5 7 M 8 Signal measurement Figure 5-1. Power Sum NEXT Measurement As shown above, Power Sum NEXT is a sum of the pair-to-pair NEXT and is always greater than any pair-to-pair NEXT. The Power Sum NEXT test uses the same test limit as pair-to-pair NEXT. Since Power Sum NEXT is always greater than pair-to-pair NEXT, the Power Sum NEXT test holds the cable up to a higher standard. Page 5-9

56 LANcat User Manual Emerging high speed Networks (e.g. 622 Mbps ATM, Gigabit Ethernet) are using several pairs for transmitting data. Power Sum NEXT is an important measure of the crosstalk noise coupled from these transmitters to the receive pair. Power Sum NEXT is tested only during an Autotest. It is included in Autotest for the enhanced Category 5 and Class D cable test standards (e.g. Cat5 Plus BasicLnk, ISO Plus Class D). VIEWING POWER SUM NEXT RESULTS At the conclusion of Autotest, press VIEW (F3) to view the test results and press the arrow keys to display the Power Sum NEXT results. The Power Sum NEXT of each pair combination is compared to the selected cable test standard and pass or fail is indicated. Power Sum NEXT Summary Results F1 F2 F3 F4 The worst measured crosstalk is shown in the detailed test display. The display indicates the frequency of this measurement, the measured value in decibels (db) and the test limit. Page 5-10

57 Chapter 5 Cable Test Descriptions To View the details of the Power Sum NEXT test: 1. From the Power Sum NEXT summary result screen, press DETAIL (F3). Detailed Power Sum NEXT Results F1 F2 F3 F4 2. On a TwoWay System, press SEND (F1) to send the results to the Remote Unit. 3. Press SUMMARY (F3) or ESC to return to the summary screen. Page 5-11

58 LANcat User Manual VIEWING A GRAPH OF POWER SUM NEXT RESULTS To view a graph of the Power Sum NEXT test results: 1. From the detail or Summary Results screen, press GRAPH (F2). Graph of Power Sum NEXT Results Cursor Test Limit Test Result F1 F2 F3 F4 2. Press PAIR (F1) to display the results for a different wire pair. On a TwoWay System, press SEND (F2) to send the results to the Remote Unit. 3. Press the arrow keys to move the cursor to a new point on the graph. The test result at the selected point is displayed below the graph. 4. Press PRINT (F4) to send a comma-separated variable (CSV) listing of the results to the serial port. This outputs a complete listing of all Power Sum NEXT measurements for all pairs. 5. Press SUMMARY (F3) or ESC to return to the Summary screen. NOTE The test result displayed on the graph is the worst value found within 1 MHz frequency increments for Category 5 and ISO Class D testing. All test results are available and can be output from the LANcat. Page 5-12

59 Chapter 5 Cable Test Descriptions Cable Grading Cable Grading refers to the performance grading of cable based on the NEXT performance relative to the test limit. A higher grade cable exceeds the test limit by a greater margin. Cable grading is only available for Category 5, Category 5 Plus, Class D and Class D Plus Cable Test Standards. NEXT measurements from MHz are compared against seven grades, as shown in Figure 5-2. The LANcat reports the worst grade for each pair. NEXT Limit NEXT (db) higher grades Frequency (MHz) Figure 5-2. Cable Grading Each cable grade is 3dB wide at 100 MHz. Higher grade cables exceed the applicable test standard (Cat 5 or Class D) by a larger margin. Cables tested with the Cat 5 or Class D Cable Test Standards are graded based on pair-to-pair NEXT performance. Cables tested with the enhanced Cat 5 Plus or Class D Plus Cable Test Standards are graded based on Power Sum NEXT performance. Page 5-13

60 LANcat User Manual Cable grading can only be run as part of Autotest and must be enabled. To enable cable grading, you must create a custom Cable Test standard based on a Cat 5, Cat 5 Plus, Class D, or Class D Plus Cable Test Standard - see Appendix A. If you want to grade cable based on pair-to-pair NEXT performance, select either a Cat 5 or Class D Cable Test Standard to create the custom Cable Test Standard. If you want to grade cable based on Power Sum NEXT performance, select either a Cat 5 Plus or Class D Plus Cable Test Standard to create the custom Cable Test Standard. Page 5-14

61 Chapter 5 Cable Test Descriptions VIEWING CABLE GRADING RESULTS The screen below appears at the conclusion of an Autotest. The overall grade of the cable will be displayed below the pass/fail indication (in this case, the cable is a grade 4 cable). The overall grade is the worst case grade for all pairs. Cable Grading Summary Results F1 F2 F3 F4 To view the cable grades for individual wire pairs: 1. Press VIEW (F4). 2. Press arrow key until the NEXT results appear. The cable grades for individual wire pairs are displayed. Detailed Cable Grading Results F1 F2 F3 F4 If Autotest was run using the enhanced Category 5 Plus or Class D Plus Cable Test Standards, cables are graded based on Power Sum NEXT. To view the cable grades for individual wire pairs, press key until the Power Sum NEXT test results appear at the conclusion of Autotest. Page 5-15

62 LANcat User Manual Length The Length test measures the cable length and the distance to a cable fault, such as a short, open or impedance change. The Length test locates significant impedance changes or anomalies in a cable segment that may be caused by cable damage or inadequate connections at patch panels, cross-connect blocks, 8- position modular plug connectors, or wall plates. Length is one of the tests run during Autotest and Quick Check. This test can also be run individually. Length performs the following tests: Measures length of each pair Locates up to two intermediate impedance anomalies Measures propagation delay of each pair NOTE The accuracy of a Length measurement is very dependent on the proper cable NVP setting. Refer to Chapter 9, Calibration, for the procedure to calibrate cable NVP. Page 5-16

63 Chapter 5 Cable Test Descriptions RUNNING LENGTH TEST INDIVIDUALLY 1. Connect one end of the cable under test to the LANcat. 2. Set dial to LENGTH. The test begins scanning immediately. 3. Press the arrow keys to select another cable test standard. NOTE For accurate results, do not use the Remote Unit when performing a Length measurement test, except during Autotest or Quick Check. VIEWING LENGTH RESULTS At the completion of the Length test, the screen displays the summary results. Length Summary Results Pair Length F1 F2 F3 F4 1. Press START (F1) to restart the Length test. 2. Press DETAIL (F3) to view more information about the Length test results. 3. Press PDELAY (F2) to view the Propagation Delay for each pair. Page 5-17

64 LANcat User Manual NOTES 1. Some variation in the measured length of wire pairs within the same cable is considered normal. This is due to the difference in construction of the individual pairs. Length variation from pair to pair will be greater for longer cable lengths. 2. An asterisk (*) next to a PASS result indicates that the measured value is close enough to the standard input that it is within the measurement uncertainty of the LANcat. 3. When measuring spooled and other uninstalled cables, the cable length will probably be greater than the specification test limit. This will cause a FAIL Length test result. In this case, you may ignore the fail message. 4. A cable found to have a short will cause length test to FAIL regardless of measured length. 5. OPEN or SHORT usually indicates that a pair ends in an open or a short. However, if the Remote Unit is used, an OPEN result should be displayed for each pair. 6. Propagation Delay is the time in nanoseconds for a pulse to travel the length of a twisted pair. 7. For instruction on changing length units (feet/meters), refer to Chapter 8, Set Up. Page 5-18

65 Chapter 5 Cable Test Descriptions To view more information about the Length test results: 1. Press DETAIL (F3). Detailed Length Test Results Pair Propagation Delay Delay to Anomaly 1 No 2nd Anomaly Detected F1 F2 F3 F4 2. Press SUMMARY (F3) or ESC to return to the Length test summary display. NOTE Detected impedance changes greater than the Fault Threshold are displayed as anomalies (Anom1 and Anom2). Fault Threshold is factory pre-set, but can be modified in the SETUP menu. See Chapter 8, Set Up, for Fault Threshold changes. When the cable length is less than 20 feet, anomalies may not be detected. Page 5-19

66 LANcat User Manual Delay/Delay Skew Delay is a measure of the time electrical signals take to propagate from one end of the cable to the other end. The difference in propagation delays from one cable pair to another is called Delay Skew. The Delay test measures and displays the propagation delay of each wire pair. The Delay Skew test measures and displays the difference in propagation delay from each wire pair to the shortest wire pair. Both Delay and Delay skew are becoming important parameters for emerging high speed LAN standards such as 100BaseT4, 622 Mbps ATM and Gigabit Ethernet. Figure 5-2. Delay/Delay Skew Delay and Delay Skew are tested only during an Autotest or Quick Check. They are included in Autotest for the enhanced cable standards (e.g. Cat5 Plus BasicLnk). These tests can be added to Autotest or Quick Check for any other cable standard by defining a custom cable standard - see Appendix A. Page 5-20

67 Chapter 5 Cable Test Descriptions VIEWING DELAY/DELAY SKEW RESULTS At the conclusion of an Autotest or Quick Check: 1. Press VIEW (F3) to view test results. 2. Press or until Delay test summary screen is displayed. Delay Test Summary Shortest Pair F1 F2 F3 F4 Press to view Delay Skew test summary. This screen shows the additional delay time for each pair, compared to the shortest pair. Delay Skew Test Summary Difference in Propagation Delay between Pair 1,2 and Pair 7,8 ( =8) F1 F2 F3 F4 Page 5-21

68 LANcat User Manual Attenuation Attenuation measures the reduction in the signal level as it travels over the length of a cable. Attenuation is measured over a range of frequencies. The amount of attenuation loss is expressed in decibels (db). A signal is transmitted by the remote unit and received by the main unit (i.e., the signal is OneWay). Attenuation is one of the tests run during Autotest and Quick Check. It can also be run individually. Attenuation detects: One-way attenuation of each cable pair Poor connections/terminations Substandard wire Faulty connectors RUNNING ATTENUATION 1. Set the LANcat dial to EXTENDED FUNCTIONS. 2. Press the arrow key to select Attenuation. Running Attenuation F1 F2 F3 F4 3. Press ENTER. The test begins immediately. (Press the arrow keys to select another cable test standard). 4. Press START (F1) to re-run the test. Page 5-22

69 Chapter 5 Cable Test Descriptions VIEWING ATTENUATION RESULTS To view the test standard specification values: 1. Press SPEC (F3). Attenuation Test Summary F1 F2 F3 F4 Attenuation Test Summary (Test Specification Shown) Test Specifications F1 F2 F3 F4 2. Press START (F1) to re-start the Attenuation test. Page 5-23

70 LANcat User Manual VIEWING A GRAPH OF ATTENUATION RESULTS 1. From the test summary screen, press GRAPH (F2) to view the graph of the Attenuation test results. Graph of Attenuation Results (Results shown for pair 7,8) Cursor Test Limit Test Result F1 F2 F3 F4 2. Press PAIR (F1) to display an Attenuation graph for a different pair. 3. Press the arrow keys to move the cursor to another point on the graph. 4. On a TwoWay System, press SEND (F2) to send the results to the Remote Unit. 5. Press PRINT (F4) to send a comma-separated variable (CSV) listing of the results to the serial port. This provides a complete listing of all Attenuation measurements for all pairs. 6. Press SUMMARY (F3) or ESC to return to the summary screen. Page 5-24

71 Chapter 5 Cable Test Descriptions Marginal Test Results A PASS* or FAIL* result indicates that a measured NEXT or attenuation value is close enough to the Test Standard that it is within the measurement uncertainty of the LANcat. As a result, the PASS or FAIL judgment is uncertain, and therefore the LANcat can not determine with confidence that the link conforms to the Test Standard. The following steps may be taken in order to resolve link tests with marginal measured results: 1. Reduce the measurement uncertainty. If you are currently using a Level I-rated Performance Module (PM), replace it with a Level II-rated PM and retest. If the test result is still marginal, or if you are already using a Level II-rated PM, proceed to the next step. 2. Recheck the link installation, focusing on connection points. Refer to Chapter 7, Testing Twisted Pairs, for suggestions on causes for excessive NEXT and attenuation. Correct installation if possible, and retest. Page 5-25

72 LANcat User Manual ACR Attenuation-to-Crosstalk Ratio (ACR) is the difference between crosstalk and attenuation, measured in db, at a given frequency. ACR is computed based upon the measured values of attenuation and NEXT. A positive ACR is necessary to assure that a signal at the receiving end of a channel is stronger than the crosstalk interference imposed from adjacent wire pairs. ACR is therefore an indication of the expected reliability of data transmissions. ACR is automatically computed during Autotest and Quick Check when testing twisted pair cable. It can also be run individually as an Extended Function test. RUNNING ACR INDIVIDUALLY 1. Set dial to EXTENDED FUNCTIONS. 2. Press the arrow keys to highlight ACR. Selecting ACR F1 F2 F3 F4 3. Press ENTER. The test begins scanning immediately. (Press the arrow keys to select another cable test standard.) Page 5-26

73 Chapter 5 Cable Test Descriptions VIEWING ACR RESULTS For each pair combination the ACR is displayed along with the frequency. The attenuation value used is from the receive pair (e.g., pair 3,6 of 12/36). ACR Detail Screen F1 F2 F3 F4 Press START (F1) to restart the test. NOTE Minimum ACR is not presently specified in most link test standards (such as TIA TSB-67) or network standards (such as IEEE 802.3). ISO requires at least 4 db of ACR at 100 MHz. Hub manufacturers recommend a minimum of 5 db for reliable data transmission. Page 5-27

74 LANcat User Manual Noise Impulse Noise is non-repetitive electrical spikes or pulses caused by external electro-magnetic fields. Impulse noise is one of the primary causes of inconsistent performance on unshielded twisted pair networks. The Noise test counts noise impulses (spikes) greater in amplitude than a minimum threshold on an idle twisted pair cable segment and provides a report of the results. Noise results for all selected cable types are compared to the IEEE BASE-T impulse noise specification. The default noise threshold setting is 260 mv. Refer to Chapter 8, Set Up, for information on how to change this value. Noise reports: Time duration of the test Average number of impulses in the last second Peak number of impulses in any one second and the time of occurrence since the start of the test Page 5-28